Current Status of Implementation and Future Perspectives of the Guidelines for Waste Treatment and Recycling by Commodity Type (Outline)

Transcription

1 Current Status of Implementation and Future Perspectives of the Guidelines for Waste Treatment and Recycling by Commodity Type (Outline) 1. Paper 2. Glass bottles 3. Steel cans 4. Aluminum cans, etc. 5. Plastic 6. Automobiles 7. Motorbikes 8. Tires 9. Bicycles 10. Home electric appliances 11. Spring mattresses 12. Large furniture 13. Carpet 14. Futons 15. Dry cell batteries 16. Small secondary batteries, etc. 17. Storage batteries for automobiles and twowheel vehicles 18. Cassette gas cylinders 19. Aerosol cans 20. Small gas cylinders 21. Fire extinguishers 22. Pachinko game machines, etc. 23. Personal computers and peripherals September 17, 2004 Waste Recycling Subcomittee Industrial Structure Council 24. Copiers 25. Gas and kerosene equipment 26. Textile products 27. Lubrication oil 28. Electric wires 29. Construction materials 30. Bath tubs and bathroom units 31. Kitchen components 32. Cellular phones and PHS 33. Fluorescent tubes 34. Vending machines 35. Single-use cameras

2 1. Paper 1. Promoting paper recycling Target A targeted recycling rate of 60% shall be attained by the end of FY2005 in the paper/pulp manufacturing industry. Paper recycling opportunities shall be increased. Utilization of recycled papers, etc. shall be promoted. New recycling depsoitory centers for used papers, etc. shall be cultivated. 2. Promoting collection of used paper Collection of used paper from offices shall be promoted. Collection of used paper from households shall be promoted through citizen group-based collection systems, etc. 3. Promoting recycling of paper containers and packaging of commercial products Recycling of paper containers and packaging of beverage products shall be promoted. Recycling of paper packaging of products other than beverages shall be also promoted. Instruction shall be given to businesses on the application of a recyclable identification marking system for packaging of their products. (%) Paper Collection Rate and Paper Recycling Rate Paper Paper collection recycling rate rate Paper Paper recycling collection rate rate (year) (Source: Annual Report of Statistics on Paper/Pulp) Current Status and Results (extracts) 1. Paper recycling rate has increased. FY % FY % 2. Publicity and educational activities have been actively conducted. Various events and seminars have been held (including recycled paper fairs, paper recycling week, seminars on paper recycling and invitation to plant tour). Promotional brochures were prepared and distributed. Internet web sites have been used as publicity. 3. Other efforts Internet online system has been initiated for facilitating the collection of used paper from offices A fact-finding survey on recycling of used paper at offices was conducted. A fact-finding survey on paper recycling for various purposes was conducted. (It was found that 202 thousand tons of used paper were recycled in FY2003.) A target was set for the collection rate of used paper containers of beverage products (35.0% by the end of FY2005). Labeling rate of recyclable identification marks on paper containers of beverage products has been increased from 64.5% as of June 2002 to 98.7% as of May Additional Measures Planned to be Implemented <Further promotion of paper recycling> Possibility of setting a higher target for the paper recycling rate will be deliberated by analyzing the recycling trend. <Further promotion of recycling of used paper containers and packaging> Plan to further encourage businesses to promote voluntary efforts of applying recyclable identification marks on paper containers and corrugated cases of their products. Plan to conduct a fact-finding survey to determine the application rate of identification marks for corrugated cases. 1

3 2. Glass Bottles (revised in September 2003) 1. Promoting recycling Target A targeted cullet use rate of 85% shall be attained for glass bottles by the end of FY2005. Utilization of advanced machines such as foreign material elimination machines shall be promoted. Technological development of recyclable glass bottles shall be promoted. Use of the ecology bottles made of 100% cullets shall be promoted. 2. Promoting the development of new depository centers for cullets Market cultivation of cullets shall be promoted to seek effective ways to increase cullet supply. Possibility to increase the demand of cullets in the public sector shall be sought. 3. Seeking quality improvement of cullets Enhanced cooperation of communities, municipalities and citizens shall be sought to ensure the proper classification of used glass bottles to be collected for recycling. 4. Promoting measures to reduce waste and increase the reuse rate Development and utilization of lightweight glass bottles shall be promoted. Measures to increase the use of industry-standardized glass bottles shall be developed and a reuse rate target of returnable bottles shall be set. Glass bottles produced, Cullets used and Cullet use rate (en thousand tons) Glass bottles produced Cullets used Cullet use rate (%) (year) Note: Cullets are defined as crushed glass bottles that are collected as recyclable waste and sorted by color Cullet use rate = the amount of cullets used divided by the amount of glass bottles produced Amount of cullets used = the amount of cullets used in plants + the amount of cullets used in communities (Source: Japan Glass Bottle Association: Current Status and Results (extracts) 1. Recycling rate has increased. Target Cullet use rate FY % FY % Industry-wide requirements for receivable cullets have been revised (since October 2003) to control the quality of cullets. Market demand of ecology bottles has increased. In 2003, approx.97.5 million ecology bottles were shipped (up 6.8% from the previous year). 2. Potential new depository centers for cullets have been cultivated A fact-finding survey on the marketability of existing cullet-made products was conducted (in FY2004). 3. Quality improvement of cullets has been sought. A survey was conducted to evaluate the quality of collected glass bottles to see how selected collection systems work, and continued efforts have been made to improve the cullet quality. 4. Measures for promoting waste reduction and increasing the reuse rate have been implemented. - Successful development of lightweight bottles for beer, milk and liquid seasoning products has resulted in 10 to 30% reduction of weight. - Introduction of the R mark, which intends to stimulate attitudes toward recycling, has been realized. Standardized glass bottles have been introduced and continue to be widely used. In FY2003, approximately 17.3 million standardized glass bottles were shipped (up 42.7% from the previous year). <Further promotion of recycling> - New targets will be sought, including a higher target for the cullet use rate and an introduction of a new index. - Continued efforts will be made to increase the use of ecology bottles. <Development of new depsoitory centers for glass bottle recycling> - Information on successful glass bottle recycling for newly-cultivated purposes will be distributed over the internet to promote implementation of such recycling. <Other efforts> - Continued efforts will be made to promote recycling/waste reduction measures in accordance with the Guidelines including enhanced introduction of lightweight glass bottles. 2

4 3. Steel Cans 1. Promoting recycling and waste reduction Target A targeted recycling rate of 85% shall be attained and exceeded. Extensive recycling measures shall be promoted. Also, the development of thinner and lightweight steel cans shall be promoted. Recycling as a steelmaking option shall be promoted. Recycling measures in cooperation with the Containers and Packaging Recycling Law shall be developed. 2. Strengthening Various Measures (Japan Steel Can Recycling Association) The Association is planning to further strengthen their measures, included below, aiming at the creation of a recycling-based social system in cooperation with the Containers and Packaging Recycling Law. Measures for promoting recycling Measures for cleaner, organized collection of waste Measures for educating citizens (thousand tons) 3,000 Recycling rate of steel cans ( ) Current Status and Results (extracts) 1. Recycling rate has been increased. FY % FY % (under the new definition) (under the new definition) 2. Publicity and educational activities have been actively conducted. A press conference was held. Also, important recycling-related information was sent to the public via newspaper advertisements, the internet and brochures. Symposiums and study sessions were held (including opinion exchange meetings with municipalities). 3. Other efforts Technological development to make steel cans thinner and lighter has been successfully achieved, resulting in a substantial thinning when compared to 30 years ago. An instruction brochure on recycling facilities and equipment was prepared and distributed. Consultation services have commenced. Public opinions about selected collection were obtained by means of questionnaires, and were released to the public. 2,500 2,000 1, Recycling rate Weight of steel cans consumed Weight of steel cans recycled <Planned activities> Since the target set for steel can recycling has already been reached and an organized recycling system has been successfully built for steel cans, future efforts will be in the areas of system maintenance, publicity and education. 1,

5 4. Aluminum Cans 1. Promoting recycling The target is to increase the collection/recycling rate of aluminum cans to 85% by the end of FY2006. Know-how of well-organized collection methods shall be provided to schools and supermarkets. Waste reduction shall be promoted through the use of thinner, lighter materials. 2. Promoting sustainable recycling The Guidelines, aiming to maintain the high can-to-can rate and make it even higher, intend to reach and exceed the material recycling rate of 55% by the end of FY2006. Accordingly, the Guidelines intend to encourage steel can producers to use more recycled materials. 3. Improving the collection system Japan Aluminum Can Recycling Association intends to increase and improve the quality of nationwide collection sites, designed to deal with all aluminum containers and packaging which meet the requirements for selected collection and waste storage under the Containers and Packaging Recycling Law. Weight of Aluminum Cans Consumed and Recycled (ton) 300, , , , , , , , , Aluminum cans consumed Aluminum cans recycled 265, Recycling rate 247, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,269 33,23038,940 35,945 40,629 45,442 53,645 60,48269,986 62,15062,76668, , , ,680 4,336 7,66010,23 10,83611,09315,94418,26621,78924,59428, (year) Current Status and Results (extracts) 1 Recycling rate has increased. The collection/recycling rate for aluminum cans reached 81.8% in FY2003 (cf. 83.1% in FY2002). The can-to-can rate at the end of FY2003 was 47.9%. (Data collection for the can-to-can rate started in FY2003.) 2. Publicity and educational activities have been actively conducted. An educational brochure was prepared. Informative video-tapes on environmental issues were produced for viewing by the public. Various events for the promotion of recycling were held. Recycling facility tours were planned and implemented. Study sessions were held. Various groups and elementary/junior high schools that made active commitments to the collection of used aluminum cans were honored with testimonial commending. (A total of 120 groups were honored during FY2003.) 3. Other efforts. Efforts have been made to increase the number of collection bases. Listing of collection sites has been improved. Technological developments to make aluminum cans thinner and lid diameter smaller have been promoted. In response to the introduction of the recycling rate analysis, a fair assessment system involving an independent third party evaluation has been introduced (since 1999). 1. Further promotion of recycling Deliberations on the introduction of specific measures to improve the rate of recycling of businesses will commence. Improvement of the precision of surveys to identify the recycled weight of aluminum cans will be sought. Improvement of waste collection routes will be sought, aiming at achieving more effective recycling. Improvement of waste reduction will be sought by using thinner, lighter materials. 2. Promotion of sustainable recycling Measures for improving the rate of use of recycled materials for aluminum can production will be deliberated. 3. Other Publicity and educational activities will be further promoted. 4

6 5. Plastics 1. Promoting recycling Target A targeted collection rate of 80% shall be attained by the end of FY2014 for all PET bottles of beverage and soy sauce products. A targeted recycling rate of 40% shall be attained by the end of FY2005 for EPS (expanded polystyrene), which is widely used as a container for agricultural or fishery products and as packaging of home electric appliances as well. A targeted recycling rate of 60% shall be attained (in FY2003) for PVC films used for agricultural purposes. A targeted recycling rate of 80% shall be attained by the end of FY2005 for PVC tubes and joints. (Note: The dotted underlined part above shows revised figures as of September 2004) 2. Promoting chemical recycling, etc. Continued efforts shall be made to promote material and chemical recycling of plastics, as raw materials to make plastic for liquefaction, gasification or blast furnaces. Chemical recycling of plastics containing halogen shall be also promoted. 3. Promoting energy collection/utilization Energy collection from waste plastics shall be promoted. Comparative studies shall be introduced to evaluate current energy collection/utilization methodologies in order to determine the most ecologically efficient methodology. 4. Promoting the reduction of plastic waste Economizing of packaging materials shall be promoted. (ex. by means of encouraging manufacturers to produce more refillable products) Publicity and educational activities shall be actively implemented. It is necessary to encourage manufacturers to apply recyclable identification marks on product packaging. 5. Other Cooperation with assembly and processing businesses shall be promoted. Development and utilization of biodegradable plastics shall be promoted. Current Status and Results (extracts) 1. Recycling rate has increased. The collection rate of PET bottles reached 60.9% in FY2003. (cf. 53.4% in FY2002) The recycling rate for EPS reached 39.3% in (cf. 39.1% in 2002) The recycling rate of PVC films used for agricultural purposes reached 48% in (cf. 51% in 1999) 2. Recycling has been promoted. Infrastructure to facilitate the collection of PET bottles and make a practical estimation on future collections has been improved. Analytical efforts are being made to obtain estimated collection rates from 2005 on. Monomer-recycled PET bottles have been widely used. Since November 2003, used PVC tubes without pretreatment have been accepted for recycling at a reasonable fee when brought to a contract agent responsible for intermediate treatment for recycling. 3. Publicity and educational activities have been actively conducted. Educational brochures have been prepared and distributed. The internet has been utilized to send out informative periodicals. Informative tools explaining the utilization and recycling of plastics, designed for elementary/junior high school students and teachers respectively, have been developed and released to the public on internet websites. Various events for promoting recycling have been held (including seminars on biodegradable plastics). Use of standardized recycled PVC tubes has been promoted. (The recycled PVC tube has been registered with Japan Sewage Works Association as an officially approved recycled material. 4. Technological development Recycling to convert waste PVC tubes into blast furnace material has been taking place since May A database on thermal recycling technologies has been compiled and regularly updated. As a result of analytical studies on ecological efficiency, it was discovered that the highest level of energy collection could be attained from mixed general waste plastics. Material recycling of waste PVC films for agricultural use has been successful in business terms. 1. Further promotion of recycling The number of contract agents responsible for intermediate treatment for recycling will be increased nationwide (PVC tubes and joints). Educational activities for improving the system of selected collection will be further promoted. Recycling technologies for FRP will be developed. 2. Promotion of energy collection and utilization Comparative studies to evaluate current energy collection/utilization methodologies will be conducted to determine the most ecologically efficient methodology. 5

7 6. Automobiles (1) Facilitating the inauguration of the End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law (2) Targets A targeted recycling rate of 90% or higher shall be attained for all new vehicles. Amount of lead used for each new vehicle (excluding batteries) to be released from January 2006 shall be limited to the level of one-tenth or less of the level recorded in 1996 Use of mercury shall be prohibited from January 2005 onwards (with some exceptions) Use of sexivalent chrome shall be prohibited from January 2008 onwards Use of cadmium shall be prohibited from January 2007 onwards. A targeted recycling rate for used vehicles of 85% or higher shall be attained. It is planned that the target will be increased to 95% from (3) Promoting environment-friendly approaches in the stages of designing and manufacturing to control the amount of shredder dust (4) Promoting recycling of shredder dust, airbags and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), including proper disposal of chlorofluorocarbon. (5) Promoting the use of reused parts (6) Promoting measures to ensure proper collection Summary Chart of How the Laws are Supporting the Recycling of End-of-Life Vehicles (responsible for promoting recycling by means of either carrying out recycling by themselves or having an agent carry out recycling for them) (Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center) authorized Designated organization responsible for car recycling Automakers and car importers Flow of information Flow of end-of-life vehicles Flow of money Transfer of CFC, etc. Obligation to take care of waste CFC, etc. Collecting fee of CFC, etc. Transfer of airbags, etc. Obligation to take care of waste airbags, etc. Collecting fee for waste airbags, etc. Transfer of shredder dust Obligation to take care of shredder dust Evidence of payment and transfer (confirmation of the completion of recycling) Owner of a new *1 Deposit a *1 recycling fee vehicle Owner of a secondhand vehicle Used car Claim payment and transfer Corporation responsible for capital management Final owner (Japan Automobile Recycling Make payment Promotion Center) and transfer a Transfer/Obligation to take vehicle End-of-life vehicle care of end-of-life vehicles Dealers, agents and auto Registered repair shops responsible for receiving end-of-life vehicles Transfer to take care of End-of-life vehicle end-of-life vehicles Businesses responsible for Registered collecting waste CFC, etc. End-of-life vehicle Auto wreckers Transfer to take care of end-of-life vehicles Approved Reusable parts Transfer to take care of End-of-life vehicle end-of-life vehicles Reusable or Approved recyclable metals Shredder operators *2 Designated organization takes care of recycling only when no one is found responsible for recycling. The organization is also responsible for recycling activities in isolated islands as well as financial contribution to measures against illegally abandoned vehicles Online notification (Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center) Information control center Market of recycled parts and metals Current Status and Results (extracts) 1. Preparations to facilitate the efficient inauguration of the End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law have been made. Automakers and other organizations responsible for recycling are divided into two groups which are working on the improvement of a recycling system for shredder dust. A corporation has been established to organize nationwide recycling activities of CFC, airbags, etc. and is to supervise 9 CFC disposal facilities and 5 airbag recycling facilities nationwide. Standardized automobile recycling fees determined by the domestic automobile industry were released to the public in July Orientation was given to recycling businesses nationwide (during the period between January and June 2004) and educational brochures have been distributed widely to inform relevant bodies and businesses of the government s recycling policy with regards to automobiles. 2. Voluntary efforts Recycling rate of end-of-life vehicles reached 84 to 86% in FY2001. A total of 26 models of cars now comply with the officially suggested low level of lead (In FY2003, 26 new models were launched in the auto market.) A target for the control of materials adversely affecting the environment was set and released to the public. The Green Purchasing Law has been revised to add the item auto repairs, requiring governments to take action to promote the recycling of used auto parts. 1. Efforts to facilitate the smooth inauguration of the End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law It is necessary to promote preparations for practical operation of the Law in cooperation with automakers and relevant organizations. Orientation regarding the enforcement of the Law will be given to relevant businesses nationwide. It is also necessary to inform car owners nationwide of the facts regarding the enforcement of the Law through publicity activities including television and radio advertisement. Specific measures will be deliberated for the promotion of recycling in isolated islands as well as for countermeasures against illegally abandoned vehicles, in cooperation with municipalities. The government continues to encourage relevant businesses and organizations to promote voluntary efforts, with the aim to reach the recyclable rate for new vehicles of 90% or higher and also reach the target set for the reduction of materials adversely affecting the environment. Research and technological development will be further promoted to increase recycling of shredder dust, airbags, etc. in an effort to find new ways to cut the use of CFC or even introduce other environment-friendly materials for auto air-conditioners. 6

8 7. Motorbikes 1. Establishing the recycling system for motorbikes Automakers shall organize and operate a recycling network in cooperation with relevant businesses. Automakers shall be responsible for establishing designated collection sites of disused motorbikes as well as recycling facilities. (More than 100 collection sites and more than 10 recycling sites shall be established nationwide.) Automakers are required to use a recyclable identification mark on each newly distributed motorbike. 2. Promoting the recycling rate and reduction of harmful substances Targets A targeted recyclable rate of 90% shall be attained and exceeded for all new models of motorbikes. Amount of lead to be used for each new 210-kilogram-category of motorbike (excluding batteries) released from January 2006 shall be limited to the level of 60 grams or below. Use of mercury shall be prohibited from 2004 onwards Use of sexivalent chrome shall be prohibited from January 2008 onwards. Use of cadmium shall be prohibited from January 2007 onwards. A targeted recycling rate of 85% shall be attained for all motorbikes The targeted recycling rate shall be increased to 95% from FY2015. Motorbike manufacturers and importers who participate in the recycling network Recycling has an influence over the selling prices of each new motorbike Cost of collection Management description sheet 1 Storage and management fees Management description sheet 2 Transportation fee Management description sheet 3 Disposal fee User of an existing motorbike distributed by a participant manufacturer and user of a motorbike distributed by a nonparticipant manufacturer Motorbike dealers Designated collection sites (more than 100 sites nationwide) Transporters User of a new motorbike Recyclable identification mark - labeled motorbikes Final user Disposal and recycling facilities (more than 10 facilities nationwide) Reusable parts, metals, etc. Flow of end-of-life motorbikes labeled with the recyclable identification mark - and notification Flow of end-of-life motorbikes for which recycling payment is due and notification used motorbikes Dealers of used motorbikes Recyclable resources collection businesses Market of recycled parts Market of recycled metals, etc. Disposal and recycling facilities for tires and batteries Current Status and Results (extracts) 1. Preparations to facilitate the start of the recycling system from October 2004 have been made. A total of 190 collection sites for end-of-life motorbikes, approx.15,000 dealers who accept end-of-life motorbikes and 14 facilities for disposal and recycling of endof-life motorbikes have been designated. Once the system starts, all motorbikes to be marketed are required to carry a recyclable identification mark. As for motorbikes which have already been distributed to users before the inauguration of the system, a recycling fee shall be charged at the time of disposal. 2. Recycling Initiatives and other voluntary action plans have been implemented. The 10 new models which were introduced to the motorbike market in 2003 all show a recyclable rate of 90% or higher (meeting the ISO recycling rate requirement). The 10 new models which were introduced to the motorbike market in 2003 all satisfy the target for lead reduction. 3. Pre-marketing assessment on new products to evaluate their 3R efforts was conducted. Aspects focused on when checked in the assessment include: Level of waste reduction efforts, through the introduction of new materials, reduction of sizes of parts, etc. Reuse efforts and measures to facilitate recycling, such as the use of recycled bumper materials or PP materials, etc. as well as the introduction of recyclable markings on resin-made parts, etc. to make it easier to find recyclable materials at the time of dismantling end-of-life products. 1. Preparations for the implementation of voluntary recycling initiatives Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center will play the central role in using publicity to raise people s understanding of the recycling system. Publicity through various media will be conducted. Cooperation with dealers and municipalities will be sought for effective publicity. Consumer service departments (call centers for recycling of motorbikes) responsible for dealing with inquiries and questions will be established. 2. Setting new targets Step-by-step reduction of sexivalent chrome-containing parts Complete elimination of cadmium 7

9 8. Tires 1. Establishing collection/disposal routes It is desirable that all auto wreckers participate in the recycling network so that they can work unhindered with collectors and transporters for disposal of waste tires. Proper disposal of waste tires as well as the above-mentioned network shall be promoted. Collection/recycling achievements shall be promoted. 2. Implementing measures to promote recycling and reuse of waste A targeted recycling rate of 90% shall be attained by the end of Use of recycled tires shall be promoted. Material recycling shall be promoted. Trend of collection of waste tires and recycling 1. Amount of waste tires generated and the corresponding reasons Number of waste tires generated (unit: million tires), Weight (unit: thousand tons), ( ) Figures in parentheses show share (unit:%), Ratio to the previous year (unit:%) Ratio to the previous year Number of waste When an old tire is replaced with a new one tires generated Weight 791 (81) 842 (82) 860 (81) 835 (80) 806 (78) 96.5 Number of waste When a vehicle ends its life tires generated Weight 181 (19) 187 (18) 199 (19) 205 (20) 224 (22) Number of waste Total tires generated Weight 972 (100) 1,029 (100) 1,059 (100) 1,040 (100) 1,030 (100) Recycling trend Weight (unit: thousand tons), Share (unit: %), Ratio to the previous year (unit:%) Ratio to the Weight Share Weight Share Weight Share Weight Share Weight Share previous year Recycled tire casings Recycled rubber and rubber powder Other Subtotal (A) Cement making Medium- and small-sized boilers Steel-making Metal-refining Consumed at tire manufacturing plants Paper-making Power generation (excluding what is consumed at tire manufacturing plants) Subtotal (B) Abroad Exported (to be used as recycled tire casings, used tires, etc.) (C) Total weight recycled (A+B+C) Landfill Dead stock Subtotal (D) Total (Total weight of waste generated: A+B+C+D) , , , , Recycled Other Within Japan Material recycling Thermal recycling Source: Recycling department of The Japan Automobile Tyre Manufacturers Association, Inc. Current Status and Results (extracts) 1. Organization of collection/disposal routes have been promoted. A fact-finding survey on auto wreckers was conducted. Online listing of all relevant parties including those who generated waste, material-recycled or thermal-recycled the waste, and used the recycled product, etc. has been promoted. Development and maintenance of major accounts that consume a large amount of recycled tires has been promoted. A fact-finding survey was conducted to investigate how abandoned tires are disposed. Instructions were given to relevant parties on the recycling system. Collection and recycling achievements have been released to the press. 2. Measures for promoting recycling and reuse of waste have been promoted. Recycling rate reached 87% in 2003, maintaining the level of the previous year. It is expected that the rate will increase during 2004 since several major accounts (buyers of waste) are starting large-scale recycling. Preparations have been made for the establishment of the 3R Promotion Committee or several subcommittees respectively responsible for specific key issues. Listing of all relevant parties, including those who generated waste and are using thermal-recycled waste, will be further improved and expanded, and careful attention will be paid to maintain the proper operation of the appointed system in the recycling network. These efforts are essential to make the network larger. The 3R Promotion Committee or subcommittees respectively responsible for discussing specific important issues will be established. Various measures in accordance with the Guidelines will be further promoted. 8

10 9. Bicycles 1. Promoting 3R-based approaches of manufacturers in the stages of designing and manufacturing Development of environment-friendly designs with easy recycling features shall be promoted, and the use of long-life parts shall also be promoted. 2. Setting targets The targeted recycling rate was set during FY2001. The target reuse rate shall be set. 3. Promoting measures for collecting waste bicycles and countermeasures against abandoning bicycles The following efforts shall be made in cooperation with bicycle shops and local public organizations: To encourage retail shops to take care of more waste bicycles To increased area coverage of the waste bicycle collection project jointly operated by retailers and the Bicycle Environmental Promotion Association. To seek enhanced cooperation from local public organizations for various arrangements including the use of press packer automobiles. 4. Promoting educational activities A No abandoning bicycles campaign shall be implemented with focus on the surrounding areas of railway stations. Bicycle safety check programs shall be implemented at schools and railway stations. Current Status and Results (extracts) 1. Instruction has been given to bicycle manufacturers to enhance their 3R-based approaches in the stages of designing and manufacturing Manufacturers have been making efforts to develop environment-friendly products. Research and surveys have been conducted to find a way to establish standards and requirements on bicycles to cope with 3R measures. 2. Targets have been set. The definition of the recyclable rate was determined as the ratio of weight of recyclable parts to the entire weight of the product. In FY2001, the recyclable rate registered 67%. 3. Other efforts The project to collect waste bicycles has been conducted (from FY1992 to FY2003), covering retail shops and those sites where many abandoned bicycles are located in a total of 119 areas nationwide. Publicity has been actively conducted to prevent bicycles from being illegally abandoned on the streets (covering a total of 36 sites during FY2003). Bicycle safety check programs have been implemented at retail shops, schools, etc. nationwide (covering a total of 3,290 sites and approx bicycles during FY2003). <Enhanced efforts will be made for the promotion of development and manufacturing of environment-friendly, 3Roriented bicycles> Internet websites will be utilized to further educate people on 3R initiatives. Deliberation will be made for revision of the existing Assessment Manual Guidelines aiming to establish new standards or requirements from the viewpoint of enhanced environmental protection. Reduction of waste will be further promoted by encouraging bicycle manufacturers to supply more long-life products. <Other> The campaign to prevent bicycles from being illegally abandoned on the streets will be continued. 9

11 10. Home electric appliances 1. Promoting observation of 3R initiatives by manufacturers in the stages of designing and manufacturing products Product assessment shall be conducted in accordance with the Home Electric Appliances Assessment Manual (revised in March 2001). Implementation of assessment shall be confirmed and released to the public. Measures for plastic recycling shall be promoted. 2. Measures to be taken in the disposal stage It is aimed that the targeted reproduction rate stipulated in the Special Home Electric Appliance Reproduction Law (Electric Appliance Recycling law) for air conditioners, television sets, refrigerators and clothes-washers (hereinafter mentioned collectively as the designated four items ) shall be attained and exceeded. Measures for proper treatment of shredder dust shall be promoted. 3. Promoting technological development of easy-to-bedisposed/recycled features of home electric appliances 4. Promoting long-term use of products Measures to make product lives longer through increased repair business opportunities shall be promoted. Overall repair system should be improved through industry-wide efforts including the promotion of educational and training programs designed for technicians involved in the repair of home electric appliances. Safety inspection programs should be organized for long-life products, and it is also necessary to encourage manufacturers to improve such programs Instruction shall be given to repair shops with regards to reasonable repair fees Introduction of insurance programs shall be deliberated. 5. Other It is necessary to encourage manufacturers to reduce the use of lead in products. It is necessary to encourage manufacturers to reduce the use of CFC in products. Current Status and Results (extracts) 1. Manufacturers 3R-based efforts in the stages of designing and manufacturing products have been promoted. The internet website of the Association for Home Electric Appliances shows 3R-related informative data including information on actual environmental protection efforts made by manufacturers. During FY2003, the website was revised again to add more information on the recycling flow of the designated four items respectively. 2. Measures for proper treatment of end-of-life products The following figures show the amount of products disposed and the ratio recycled during FY2003. (Figures in parentheses are from FY2002.) Number of products disposed Recycling (reproduction) rate (unit: million products) Air conditioners 1.58 (1.62) 81% (78%) Television sets 3.55 (3.51) 78% (75%) Refrigerators 2.65 (2.56) 63% (61%) Clothes-washers 2.65 (2.41) 65% (60%) Total (10.10) The Electric Appliance Recycling Law requires the collection of freezers and insulation CFC starting from April As for CFC used for cooling purpose, 860 tons from air conditioners and 287 tons from refrigerators have been collected. In an effort to promote DfE (which stands for Design for Environment ), manufacturers have been making 3R approaches to designing and development of products, while introducing easy-to-dismantle or easily-recyclable designs. 3. Other efforts As part of efforts to promote long-term use of products, the guidelines on warning indications have been established to allow consumers to use products more safely. Additional Measures Planned to be Implemented 1. Measures for proper disposal of products Introduction of industry-standardized recyclable identification marks is being deliberated as part of efforts to promote easy-to-dismantle designs. For example, such mark could be embossed, impressed or sealed on any recyclable metal or plastic parts so as to be easily selected for appropriate recycling. 10

12 11. Spring mattresses 1. Promoting assessment on waste reduction/easy disposal features of products before their introduction into the market A product assessment manual shall be prepared, which details the necessary evaluation on 3R efforts by manufacturers of spring mattresses including the proportion of recyclable materials used, reduction of difficult-to-separate parts, etc. 2. Promoting measures for proper disposal of products Discussions with Japan Waste Management Association shall be promoted for the implementation of necessary measures to complement efforts of municipalities. Research for developing better disposal techniques shall be promoted. 3. Promoting publicity Consultation services for disposal shall be provided by All Japan Bed Industrial Association. Publicity to raise consumer understanding on proper disposal shall be conducted. 100% recyclable This product, already available on the market, is completely recyclable integrating easy-todispose features. 1. Pre-marketing product assessment to evaluate waste reduction/easy disposal features has started. All Japan Bed Industrial Association has requested all its members (business owners) to conduct product assessments to confirm waste reduction/easy disposal features of products. 2. Measures for proper disposal have been deliberated. The December 2003 revision of enforcement regulations of the Waste Management Law has widen its area of coverage. In response to this, the mattress industry has been discussing the introduction of additional measures to further improve their 3R efforts. 3. Publicity has been promoted. All Japan Bed Industrial Association is dealing with inquiries from consumers. 1. Promotion of pre-marketing product assessment by manufacturers will continue to confirm waste reduction/easy disposal features of products. Extensive implementation of product assessment, in accordance with the product assessment manual, will be further promoted, to maintain and improve 3R efforts of manufacturers for spring mattress products including the use of recyclable materials, reduction of difficult-to-separate parts, etc. 2. Measures for proper disposal of end-of-life products will be further implemented. Discussions with Japan Waste Management Association will continue, aiming at the establishment of a cooperative system on designated MSW (municipal solid waste). 3. Publicity will be further promoted. Consultation services and information services will be promoted for facilitating efficient collection and disposal of waste spring mattresses. 11

13 12. Large furniture 1. Promoting pre-marketing product assessment to confirm compliance with 3R initiatives In accordance with the third edition of product assessment requirements set by the Japan Office Institutional Furniture Association (JOIFA), businesses shall implement product assessment on large furniture products. Businesses are required to label plastic parts of large furniture with identifying descriptions. 2. Improving collection routes and promoting 3R initiatives Nation-wide organized collection of large waste furniture shall be promoted, in accordance with JOIFA s regulations, following notification by the Association to all members. Industry-wide standardization of repair parts shall be promoted, to facilitate long-term use of products, by encouraging each manufacturer to carry not only their own but also other manufacturer s repair parts in stock and also promote reuse measures. JOIFA shall provide consultation services for efficient, proper disposal and collection of large waste furniture. 3. Research on labeling of assessment certification Labeling of the JOIFA number on a product, which implies that the product has been through proper product assessment, shall be promoted. Publicity of the JOIFA numbering system has been deliberated. *JOIFA : JAPAN OFFICE INSTITUTIONAL FURNITURE ASSOCIATION 1. Pre-marketing product assessment to confirm compliance with 3R initiatives has been promoted. In accordance with the guidelines for compliance with environmental protection measures for large furniture, JOIFA s member companies conduct product assessment and have introduced labeling of plastic parts with identifying descriptions of their products. The JOIFA number system has been introduced, to identify metallic cabinets, office desks, etc. which conform to requirements of the Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources. In March 2004, JOIFA released a follow-up report on its voluntary action plans for environmental protection. JOIFA released, on its internet website, environmental protection measures including the introduction of the JOIFA numbering system. 2. Collection routes have been improved. Deliberation has been made on the establishment of JOIFA-designated disposal centers. JOIFA has been making efforts to promote reuse of large waste furniture through distribution of an informative brochure on the utilization of used furniture, etc. Instructions on the collection and disposal of large waste furniture have been revised. Currently, collection and disposal are nationally organized by JOIFA. 1. Pre-marketing product assessment will be further promoted to enhance 3R efforts A plan to collect opinions and comments from JOIFA members, through questionnaires, to identify any necessary improvements to the product assessment system will be implemented. 2. Collection routes will be improved and 3R measures will be further promoted. Development of a well-organized collection system will be promoted in order to avoid any confusion about mixed collection and storage of waste from different manufacturers. 3. Research will be conducted for development of an appropriate labeling system For the purpose of promoting long-term use of products, a plan to expand the functions of the JOIFA number on products is being considered, so that the number can be conveniently referred to for arranging repairs (with any JOIFA-designated repair center) or for confirmation of product warranty. 12

14 13. Carpet (revised in September 2003) 1. Promoting waste reduction Japan Carpet Industrial Association shall promote reduction of waste generated during the manufacturing process, targeting 20% reduction from the waste generated in FY2001, by the end of FY2006. Specifically, the Association shall conduct a fact-finding survey of its member companies to identify and evaluate efforts for the reduction of in-plant waste and also implement educational programs designed for behindhand members. <Target for waste reduction> FY2001 FY2006 Reduction rate Annual production (a) 194, , Waste generated in the manufacturing process (b) 10,875 8,698 20% Waste generation rate in the manufacturing process (b/a) (Note: Estimated figures for FY2006 are based on the analysis of the 3-year trend between 1999 and 2001.) 2. Promoting reuse The Association shall promote reuse of carpets through the utilization of effective technologies in the cleaning industry. To this end, the Association shall conduct research for better application of technologies. 3. Promoting recycling Developing carpets with easy-to-recycle features. Promoting research and surveys for facilitating effective recycling of used carpets 4. Promoting publicity and educational activities The Association shall commence consultation services for 3R promotion. Recycling committees of the Association shall play the central role in implementing a fact-finding survey to identify 3R measures actually undertaken by manufacturers nationwide. <Waste reduction has been promoted.> Weight of waste generated in the manufacturing process of carpets during FY2003 (and FY2002) Annual production 186,370 tons (186,171 tons) Waste generated 9,809 tons (10,484 tons) Waste generation rate 5.3% (5.6%) Reduction rate (when compared to FY2001) 9.8% (3.6%) <Recycling has been promoted> In order to promote recycling of PVC carpets, generally known as tile carpet, research and experiments on the application of gasification melting and analysis of ingredients and their applicability for blast furnaces or cement kilns have been conducted. As a result, it has been found that thermal recycling is feasible. <Publicity and educational activities have been vigorously conducted.> Japan Carpet Industrial Association has newly released, on their internet website, 3R initiatives and action plans for environmental protection. The Association s educational efforts also include the arrangement of four meetings of its recycling committee as well as three meetings of working groups during FY2003. <Waste reduction will be further promoted> Further efforts will be made to reduce in-plant waste generated in the process of manufacturing products, in accordance with the Guidelines. <Recycling will be further promoted> Research and experiments to determine practical, commercial recyclability of PVC carpets will be continued. <Publicity and educational activities will be further promoted> Japan Carpet Industrial Association continues to make efforts for the promotion of environmental protection measures with updated information on its internet website. <Other> Textile Products 3R Promotion Council continues to make efforts to implemen and improve 3R action plans, and intends to release achievements and results to the public. 13

15 14. Futon (revised in September 2003) 1. Promoting waste reduction It is necessary to promote recycling as well as the reduction of waste generated in the process of manufacturing. 2. Promoting reuse It is necessary to promote reuse and remaking efforts in cooperation with relevant businesses. 3. Promoting recycling Deliberation shall be made on the introduction of industry-wide standards for recycle-friendly designs and a recyclable identification marking system. Development of potential recycling depsoitory centers for used futons shall be promoted. An effective collection system for used futons shall be established. 4. Other Educational activities for consumers shall be promoted, including the implementation of educational programs on Futon Day (February 10th) and Futon Gift Day (Respect-for-the-Aged Day), release of information on futon recycling projects through All Japan Bedding Item Association s website, etc. Educational programs for the industry shall also be promoted, including the release of recycling-related information through All Japan Bedding Item Association s bulletins. A fact-finding survey of consumers and municipalities shall be conducted to determine attitudes toward the disposal of end-of-life futons. <Recycling has been promoted> Large-scale retailers nationwide have been playing the central role in collection of used futons from households. Research has also been conducted to develop an effective collection system involving bedding shops and efforts have been made to discover uncultivated recycling depsoitory centers. <Publicity and educational activities have been vigorously conducted.> As part of the celebration programs for Futon Day (February 10th), All Japan Bedding Item Association provided consumers, during the period between February 4th and 6th 2004, with free-of-charge consultation services about anything related to futons. <Waste reduction measures will be further promoted> A survey will be conducted to determine the recycling rate and waste generation rate in the process of manufacturing futons. <Other> Textile Products 3R Promotion Council continues to make efforts to implement and improve 3R action plans, and intends to release achievements and results to the public.

16 15. Dry cell batteries Production of mercury batteries has been discontinued. However, it is still necessary to promote the collection of existing mercury batteries which have not been disposed yet. To this end, collection boxes shall be installed at retail outlets for free-of-charge collection, and publicity and educational activities to raise people s understanding of the necessity of collection and recycling of mercury batteries shall be actively conducted. Collection boxes for button cell batteries have been distributed to relevant businesses, asking them to cooperate with collection. Publicity has also been conducted. (Collection routes for button cell batteries) Route through retailers of electric appliances Retailers of Sales agents electric appliances Further promotion of the battery collection system through installation of collection boxes, etc is planned. Improvement of collection boxes for button cell batteries is also planned. Consumers Route through supermarkets and mass merchandisers Supermarkets and mass merchandisers Route through retailers of hearing aids Retailers of hearing aids Wholesalers Agents Hearing aids manufacturers Battery manufacturers Disposal businesses Route through watch and camera shops Watch and camera shops Collection businesses 15

17 16. Small-sized secondary batteries, etc. 1. Setting collection targets Targeted recycling rates stipulated in the Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources are as follows: Small-sized seal lead batteries: 50% Nickel-cadmium batteries: 60% Nickel metal-hydride batteries: 55% Lithium secondary batteries: 30% Targeted collection rate of nickel-cadmium batteries is 45% by the end of FY2005, and 75% for small-sized seal lead batteries by the end of FY Improving collection system and collection rate For small-sized seal lead storage batteries which are not covered by the collection system operated by JBRC (JBRC is a limited liability company responsible for recycling of batteries), an efficient collection system shall be established to materialize the airtight lead storage battery recycling scheme which is currently under deliberation. JBRC shall make efforts to expand and improve collection sites. In an effort to strengthen the collection system, JBRC shall be responsible for online data management including information on parties using collection services, transportation details, contents of products to be collected, etc. 3. Introduction of the labeling system and the utilization of publicity and educational measures Extensive introduction of identification labeling shall be promoted to facilitate the selected collection of four types of small-sized secondary batteries. Publicity and educational measures shall be implemented continuously through various media. 4. Measures for built-in small-sized secondary batteries For efficient collection and recycling of small-sized secondary batteries, it is necessary for built-in batteries to be easily removed from the product. Instruction shall be given to manufacturers to design ways of easy removal. It is also necessary to establish a collection system for batteries being used inside leased products or products for business use. Results and achievements attained from the implementation of 3R measures in the stage of designing and manufacturing shall be released to the public. 1. Recycling rates (registered at the end of FY 2003) Sources: JBRC and Battery Association of Japan Small-sized seal lead batteries: 50% Nickel-cadmium batteries: 73% Nickel metal-hydride batteries: 78% Lithium secondary batteries: 62% Lithium secondary batteries collected through the mobile recycling network: 55% 2. Collection system has been improved and collection rate has been increased. JBRC has installed a total of 8000 collection sites for businesses and 60 sites for municipalities. In order to better manage collection and improve efficiency of collection, the internet has been utilized for various purposes, including a service taking orders for collection, quick arrangement of transportation services, confirmation of recycler s receipt of collected batteries, etc. 3. Identification labeling has been introduced and publicity and educational activities have been vigorously conducted. Publicity has been actively conducted including participation in various events such as eco product fairs and preparation of informative and educational brochures (such as guidance for recycling). <A further increase in the rate of recycling will be sought> Continued efforts will be made to acknowledge achievements and seek higher targets. Amount collected (unit: ton) Waste collection achievements for small-sized rechargeable batteries Nickel-cadmium batteries Lithium-ion batteries Nickel metal-hydride batteries Small-sized seal lead batteries FY2001 FY2002 FY2003 <Improvement of the collection system and collection rate will be sought> Continued efforts will be made to expand and improve collection routes <An identification labeling system will be promoted. Publicity and educational activities will also be promoted.> It is important to promote identification labeling in accordance with the fourth edition of the guidelines on identification labeling for small-sized rechargeable batteries. 16

18 17. Storage batteries for automobiles and two-wheel vehicles 1. Utilization of publicity and educational measures Battery manufacturers and other relevant businesses shall be responsible for promoting collection/recycling efforts and expanding collection/recycling routes. As for publicity aimed at consumers, the Battery Association of Japan shall release information on the free-of-charge collection system (involving retailers, etc) on their internet website. Other publicity measures will include participation in exhibitions, advertisements in trade papers, etc. 2. Deliberating the establishment of an effective recycling system It is desirable to establish, before the inauguration of the End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law, a practical and effective collection/recycling system for used lead storage batteries of automobiles and two-wheel vehicles. In the course of organizing the system, it is necessary to take into consideration ongoing discussions and preparations being made for the Law inauguration and to also consider countermeasures against free riders. Recycling flow with battery manufacturers taking the responsibility of collecting, recycling and disposing of used batteries free of general charge users products notification of collection wholesalers retail trade-in waste trade-in waste sales trade-in waste manufacture shops batteries batteries batteries rs of storage agents batteries products products products waste waste waste responsible for generated generated generated waste management collection generated waste recycled lead 1. Publicity and educational activities have been vigorously conducted. Important information is available to the public on Battery Association of Japan s website. The Association participated in various events including environmental protection fairs. 2. Deliberation on the establishment of an effective recycling system has been undertaken. Exchange of opinions among recyclers, battery importers, etc. have been conducted for the restructure of the recycling system. Exchange of opinions include discussions on the creation of an ideal recycling system covering imported products, possible revision of the Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources to include storage batteries in its list of designated products for recycling, etc. <Publicity and educational measures will be further promoted.> Battery Association of Japan will update information on their internet website continuously. In addition, the Association continues to actively participate in various recycling-related events and also utilizes publicity by running advertisement in their bulletins, etc. <Deliberation on the restructure of the recycling system will continue.> While taking into consideration the January 2005 inauguration of the End-of- Life Vehicle Recycling Law, deliberations on the restructure of the recycling system for automobile batteries will continue. disposal businesses bring in collected waste collection/ transportation businesses contract 17

19 18. Cassette gas cylinders 1. Disposal method Discussions shall be undertaken with Japan Waste Management Association to create a nationally uniform waste collection system and at the same time resolving necessary issues. Publicity shall be utilized to raise consumer understanding that it is necessary to completely use up internal gas and then send used cylinders to be recycled. 2. Technological development Development of portable cooking stoves with an advanced feature of facilitating complete consumption of gas inside a cylinder shall be promoted. 3. Countermeasures aimed at used products having residual gas inside Publicity shall be utilized to make consumers understand that it is important to send waste cylinders to recycling sites after completely consuming internal gas. 1. Proper disposal methods have been widely advertised Advertisements promoting the following message, Completely use up internal gas, then send used cylinders to recycling sites, have been widely run through radio, magazines, as well as through participation in the Hotel & Restaurant Show and International Housewares Show, incentive campaigns for promotion of safety and instruction booklets inserted in product packages 2. Technological development has been promoted. Development and sale of a portable cooking stove equipped with heating function have been promoted. 1. Disposal method Deliberation will be made on clarification of responsibilities of relevant businesses and organizations in the collection/recycling system 2. Technological development and sales promotion It is important to further promote portable cooking stoves with advanced feature of facilitating complete consumption of gas inside a cassette cylinder. It is also necessary to conduct a survey to see whether such products successfully use up all residual gas in waste cylinders. 3. Countermeasures aimed at cylinders having residual gas Publicity will continue to further improve consumer understanding of the importance of using up internal gas before sending used cylinders to recycling sites. Source: Japan Industrial Association of Gas and Kerosene Appliances 18