MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF SMALL WATERSHED HYDROLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

Transcription

1 MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF SMALL WATERSHED HYDROLOGY AND APPLICATIONS Edited by VijayP. Singh Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA U.S.A. Donald Frevert Technical Services Center, U. S. Bureau of Reclamation Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado U.S.A. Since 1971' WRP Water Resources Publications, LLC

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER DEDICATION PREFACE CONTRIBUTORS PAGE 1. WATERSHED HYDROLOGY MODELS AND APPLICATIONS ~ V.P. Singh andd. K. Frevert 1 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES CRITERIA FOR MODEL SELECTION ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK 3 SECTION 1: DISTRIBUTED MODELS 5 2. THE DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGY SOIL VEGETATION MODEL -M.S. Wigmosta, B. Nijssen, and P. Storck 7 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION MODEL DESCRIPTION EVAPOTRANSPIRATION TWO-LAYER GROUND SNOWPACK MODEL CANOPY SNOW INTERCEPTION AND RELEASE UNSATURATED SOIL MOISTURE MOVEMENT SATURATED SUBSURFACE FLOW ' OVERLAND FLOW CHANNEL FLOW MODEL EVALUATION AND APPLICATIONS 31 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 38 REFERENCES SHETRAN: PHYSICALLY-BASED DISTRIBUTED RIVER BASIN MODELLING SYSTEM ~ J. EWEN, J. BATHURST, G. PARKIN, E. O'CONNELL, S. BIRKINSHAW, R. ADAMS, R. HILEY, C. KILSBY, AND A. BURTON 43 ABSTRACT 43 xiii v vii ix

3 3.1. INTRODUCTION RECENT DEVELOPMENTS RECENT APPLICATIONS RESEARCH ISSUES 61 REFERENCES CASC2D: A TWO-DIMENSIONAL, PHYSICALLY- BASED, HORTONIAN HYDROLOGIC MODEL ~ F.L. Ogden andp.y. Mien 69 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION MODEL DEVELOPMENT HISTORY MODEL FORMULATION MODEL PERFORMANCE MODEL OUTPUT MODEL INTERFACE FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS MODEL AVAILABILITY 107 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 108 REFERENCES DWSM - A DYNAMIC WATERSHED SIMULATION MODEL ~D.K. Borah, R. Xia, and M. Bera INTRODUCTION HYDROLOGIC MODEL FORMULATIONS SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODEL FORMULATIONS NUTRIENT AND PESTICIDE TRANSPORT MODEL FORMULATIONS EXAMPLES OF DWSM APPLICATIONS 145 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 163 ^REFERENCES NUMERICAL MODEL OF SURFACE RUNOFF, INFILTRATION, RIVER DISCHARGE AND GROUND WATER FLOW - S1RG ~D.H. Yoo 167 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION SURFACE RUNOFF INFILTRATION RIVER DISCHARGE GROUNDWATER FLOW APPLICATION 176 CONCLUSION 181 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 181 REFERENCES 181 xiv

4 7. MODULAR KINEMATIC MODEL FOR RUNOFF SIMULATION ~ D. Stephenson 183 ABSTRACT L INTRODUCTION SUB-CATCHMENT ARRANGEMENT THEORETICAL BASIS CONTINUOUS SIMULATION ROUTING PROCESS MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY MODULES CATCHMENT RUNOFF MODEL BASIS OF MODEL APPLICATION TO RIVER FLOW PREDICTION 214 REFERENCES 219 SECTION 2: PARAMETRIC MODELS WBNM2000 FOR FLOOD STUDIES ON NATURAL AND URBAN CATCHMENTS ~ M. Boyd, T. Rigby, R. Van Drie, and I. Schymitzek 225 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION HYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS NATURAL CATCHMENTS URBAN AND PART-URBAN CATCHMENTS HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES STORM DETAILS WBNM2000 SOFTWARE PACKAGE 251 CONCLUSIONS 255 REFERENCES A GEOMORPHOLOGY-BASED HYDROLOGICAL MODEL AND ITS APPLICATIONS ~ D. Yang, T. Oki, S. Herath, and K. Musiake 259 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION DESCRIPTION OF THE GEOMORPHOLOGY-BASED HYDROLOGICAL MODEL (GBHM) THE MODEL STRUCTURE OF GBHM DESCRIPTION OF HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES THE FLOW INTERVAL-HILLSLOPE SCHEME IN LARGE CATCHMENTS 273 xv

5 9.6. APPLICATION TO THE SEKI RIVER BASIN IN JAPAN AND COMPARISION WITH MIKE SHE AND TOPMODEL HYDROLOGICAL SIMULATIONS BY THE GBHM AND ANALYSIS OF CATCHMENT HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS APPLICATIONS OF MIKE SHE AND TOPMODEL TO THE SEKI RIVER BASIN COMPARISON AMONG THE THREE MODELS APPLICATION TO A LARGE TROPIC CATCHMENT IN THAILAND RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 291 CONCLUSION 296 REFERENCES PARCHED-THIRST: AN AGROHYDROLOGICAL MODEL FOR PLANNING RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEMSIN SEMI-ARID AREAS ~ G.C.L. Wyseure, J. W. Gowing, and M.D.B. Young 301 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES RELEVANT TO RAINWATER HARVESTING MODELLING RWH DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR A RWH-MODEL HYDROLOGICAL VALIDATION PLANNING OF RWH BY MEANS OF PARCHED-THIRST 327 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 332 REFERENCES APPLICATION AND TESTING OF THE SIMPLE RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL SIMHYD ~ F.H.S. Chiew, M.C. Peel, and A. W. Western 335 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION HYDROLOG AND MODHYDROLOG SIMHYD APPLICATION OF SIMHYD MODELLING RESULTS MODEL PARAMETERS AND CATCHMENT CHARACTERISTICS 359 CONCLUSIONS 365 REFERENCES 366 xvi

6 12. PRSM - THE PENN STATE RUNOFF MODEL ~ G. Avon, D.F. Lakatos ande.l. White 369 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION WATERSHED SUBDIVISION TIME STEPS DETAILS OF MODELING ROUTINES 372 APPENDIX: MODELING RUN AND OUTPUT SCS-CN-BASED HYDROLOGIC SIMULATION PACKAGE ~ S.K. Mishra and V.P. Singh 391 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION A SHORT HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE SCS-CN-BASED MODEL INCORPORATING M AND FC APPLICATION OF MODELS HYDROLOGIC SIMULATION 458 CONCLUSION 458 REFERENCES SYNHYD: A SYNTHETIC RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL -G.Aron 465 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION MODEL DESCRIPTION UNIT HYDROGRAPH GENERATION LOSSES AND EFFECTIVE RAINFALL HYETOGRAPH GENERATION HYDROGRAPH GENERATION ROUTING THROUGH STREAMS, PIPES AND RESERVOIRS HYDROGRAPH COMBINING AND PRINTING INPUT INSTRUCTIONS 471 APPENDIX: MODELING RUN AND OUTPUT 477 SECTION 3: MONTHLY WATER BALANCE MODELS MODELS OF WATER BALANCE IN A SMALL WATERSHED ~ C.S.P. Ojha and V.P. Singh 483 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION GROUND WATER BUDGETING TYPES OF AQUIFERS 485 xvii

7 15.4. GROUND WATER FLOW TYPES OF AQUIFER PARAMETERS ESTIMATION OF AQUIFER PARAMETERS COMPUTATION OF GROUND WATER FLOWS GROUND WATER BALANCE EQUATION SOIL-MOISTURE BUDGETING CERTAIN WATER BALANCE STUDIES 504 SUMMARY 505 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 506 REFERENCES 506 NOTATIONS TWO-PARAMETER MONTHLY WATER BALANCE MODEL ~ Shenglian Guo 511 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION REVIEW OF MONTHLY WATER BALANCE MODELS TWO-PARAMETER MONTHLY WATER MODEL MODEL TESTING AND PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION APPLICATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION COMPARASON WITH OTHERS WATER BALANCE MODELS APPLICATION TO MACRO-SCALE BASINS THE SIMULATION RESULTS EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES IN CHINA GCM MODEL OUTPUT AND HYPOTHETICAL SCENARIOS 545 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION 551 REFERENCES WASMOD - THE WATER AND SNOW BALANCE MODELING SYSTEM ~ Chong-yu Xu 555 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION MODEL STRUCTURE MODEL EQUATIONS STATISTICAL ANALYSIS CASE STUDIES MAIN APPLICATION FIELDS OF THE WASMOD SYSTEM CONCLUDING REMARKS 587 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: 587 REFERENCES 587 XVIll

8 SECTION 4: REAL-TIME FLOW FORECASTING MODELS HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL MODELS FOR REAL TIME RAINFALL AND FLOW FORECASTING ~ Konstantine P. Georgakakos 593 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION RAINFALL PREDICTION MODEL SOIL MOISTURE MODEL CHANNEL FLOW MODEL STATE ESTIMATOR SENSITIVITY ANALYSES CONCLUDING REMARKS 648 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 651 REFERENCES NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RIVER FORECAST SYSTEM (NWSRFS) ~ L. Larson 657 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION HYDROLOGIC MODELING IN THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE INTERACTIVE FORECAST PROGRAM (IFP) NWSRFS MODEL CALIBRATION PROCEDURES ROUTING MODELS IN NWSRFS ENSEMBLE STREAMFLOW PREDICTION (ESP) 700 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 702 REFERENCES 703 SECTION 5: ENVIRONMENTAL MODELS STOCHASTIC EVENT FLOOD MODEL (SEFM) ~ M. G. Schaefer, Ph.D. P.E and B.L. Barker, P.E. 707 ABSTRACT OVERVIEW CAPABILITIES OF THE STOCHASTIC MODEL APPLICABILITY OF THE STOCHASTIC MODEL DISTRIBUTED RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELING HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL COMPONENTS SIMULATION PROCEDURE CURRENT CONFIGURATION OF STOCHASTIC MODEL SOFTWARE COMPONENTS APPLICATIONS OF SEFM 734 xix

9 SUMMARY 744 REFERENCES STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND SIMULATION (SAMS 2000) ~ J.D. Solas, W.L. Lane, D.K. Frevert 749 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS OF HYDROLOGIC DATA STOCHASTIC MODELING OF HYDROLOGIC DATA STOCHASTIC SIMULATION DESCRIPTION OF SAMS EXAMPLES 803 REFERENCES ANSWERS: A NONPOINT POLLUTION MODEL FOR WATER, SEDIMENT AND POLLUTANT AND NUTRIENT LOSSES ~ F. Bouraoui, I. Braud, and T.A. Dillaha 833 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION WATER AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT NUTRIENT TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION DATA REQUIREMENT MODEL VALIDATION ON-GOING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 876 REFERENCES CALSM: CONTINUOUS ANNUAL LOAD SIMULATION MODEL ~ A. Pandit 883 ABSTRACT 883 "~ PROBLEM DESCRIPTION EXISTING MODELS CONTINUOUS AVERAGE-ANNUAL LOAD SIMULATION MODEL (CALSIM) ESTIMATION OF ASRC UNDER WET-WEATHER CONDITIONS MODEL CALIBRATION MODEL VERIFICATION RESULTS SIMULATED FOR FLORIDA STATISTICAL RESULTS EXAMPLES 903 REFERENCES 905 xx

10 24. THE WATER MANAGEMENT BASIS OF RIOFISH: A MODEL FOR ANALYSIS OF SPORTFISHERY MANAGEMENT POLICY ~ Tim J. Ward, Richard A. Cole, and Susan M. Bolton 907 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION THE RIOFISH FISHERY SYSTEM GENERAL CRITERIA FOR DEVELOPING THE HYDROLOGIC COMPONENT HYDROLOGIC COMPONENT MATHEMATICS CREATION OF SYNTHETIC FLOW FILES 941 SUMMARY 944 REFERENCES 944 SUBJECT INDEX 947 xxi