S cience Homework Mrs. Hernandez Dec Sections:4A,B,C,D,E Date Homework Parent -Signature

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1 S cience Homework Mrs. Hernandez Dec Sections:4A,B,C,D,E Date Homework Parent -Signature Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Read the passage Answer the questions Remember to go back and prove your answers-show Text Evidence!! Read the passage Answer the questions Remember to go back and prove your answers-show Text Evidence!! Read the passage Answer the questions Remember to go back and prove your answers-show Text Evidence!! No Homework Friday No Homework Mrs. Hernandez s Reminders: Packets are due on Friday This week is Spirit Week! Forms of Energy Vocabulary Light energy: energy that travels in electromagnetic waves anmay travel in space Heat energy: energy produced from the movement of molecules Sound energy: energy produced by sound vibrations Electrical energy (electricity): energy produced from the flow of an electric current through a conductor Mechanical energy: energy gained by the physical movement in position of an object Energy Transfer Vocabulary Hydroelectric energy : the production of electricity created from the gravitational force of falling water Wind energy : the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical energy used for producing electricity Geothermal energy: produced through a process in which heat from the Earth s crust is used to make electricity Solar energy : an available renewable energy source received by the Earth from the sun

2 Non-fiction: Electricity & Energy - Energy Electricity & Energy Energy All life depends on energy. The Earth and our solar system get most of their energy from the sun. Without the sun, life on Earth would not exist. The sun shines on plants, giving them the energy they need to grow and thrive. Animals then eat the plants, which gives them energy, too. Energy is everywhere. It is all around us. Energy comes from nature. Wind, sun, water, fire, and lightning are all sources of energy. In the United States, the most used sources of energy are fossil fuels such as coal and oil. The energy from fossil fuels gives us most of the electricity that lights and heats our homes. Oil also gives us the gasoline that runs our cars. Unfortunately, the burning of fossil fuels pollutes 1 the air. Scientists are working to develop new ways of providing energy without harming the Earth. Through advances in research of alternative energy sources, the world is slowly changing from using fossil fuels to using wind power, water power, and solar 2 energy. Windmills are used to capture wind power. Dams help to harness 3 the energy from water. Solar panels collect energy from the sun s rays and keep it stored for future use. 1 pollutes spoils (as a natural resource) with waste made by humans 2 solar coming from the sun 3 harness to put to work, utilize 1

3 Answers: Electricity & Energy - Energy Name: Date: 1. Energy on Earth comes from a. other planets. b. the sun. c. plants. d. the moon. 2. The passage describes the problem of fossil fuels causing pollution. What is a solution in the passage for this problem? a. using gasoline in cars b. using alternative energy sources c. making oil illegal d. promoting bicycle programs 3. All of the following have to do with new advances in energy except: a. wind power. b. water power. c. solar energy. d. lightning. 4. Read the following sentence: The sun shines on plants, giving them the energy they need to grow and thrive. The word thrive means a. wilt b. be born c. live well d. plant seeds. 5. This passage is mostly about a. where energy comes from and how it is used. b. how wind energy is different from fossil fuels. c. how plants use the sun s energy. d. why fossil fuels cause harm to the Earth. 2

4 Answers: Electricity & Energy - Energy 6. What sources of energy does the passage describe besides fossil fuels? 7. Based on the passage, why would the world be slowly changing from fossil fuels to other energy sources, rather than quickly changing? 8. The question below is an incomplete sentence. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Scientists want to develop new ways of providing energy without harming the earth, they are researching alternative energy sources. a. then b. but c. meanwhile d. so 9. Read the following sentence. To collect energy from the sun and save it for later, some people use solar panels. Answer the questions below based on the information provided in the sentence you just read. One of the questions has already been answered for you. 1. Who? Some people 2. What do some people do? 3. Why? 3

5 Answers: Electricity & Energy - Energy 10. Vocabulary Word: alternative: other possibility; option. Use the vocabulary word in a sentence: 4

6 Non-fiction: Electricity & Energy Electrical Safety Electricity & Energy Electrical Safety Electricity can be dangerous. Here is a list of some safety precautions 1 you may have heard or read about. 1) Don t blow-dry your hair in the bathtub. 2) Don t stick your finger in a socket. 3) Don t stand under a tree during a lightning storm. 4) Don t put too many plugs into one socket. 5) Keep your wires separate and neat. Don t let them get tangled up. 6) If you see an exposed 2 wire, don t touch it. 7) If a power line has fallen on the ground, call the police and stay clear of it. 8) Never touch the third rail in the subway. 9) If a fuse 3 blows in your house, have an adult go to the fuse box. Do not touch it. 10) Never use metal utensils around the toaster. These are just a few of the safety rules you need to keep in mind. Make sure you always follow them. If you are ever unsure about whether something is safe, ask a responsible adult before putting yourself at risk. 1 precautions things done in order to prevent something dangerous or unpleasant from happening 2 exposed not concealed, unprotected 3 fuse a safety device in electrical equipment that cuts off the power if something goes wrong 1

7 Questions: Electricity & Energy Electrical Safety Name: Date: 1. If you see a fallen power line, the passage recommends that you a. call the police b. try to pick it up carefully c. tell an older sibling d. use a metal utensil to move it 2. A problem described in the passage is being unsure if something is safe or not. What solution to this problem does the passage provide? a. to search for information online b. to be very careful when you try it c. to ask a responsible adult d. to re-read the list for clues 3. What might happen if someone didn t follow these rules? a. They could fall and break an ankle. b. The police would arrest them. c. Their lights would be turned off. d. They could get very hurt by electricity. 4. Read the following sentence: If you are ever unsure about whether something is safe, ask a responsible adult before putting yourself at risk. The word risk most nearly means a. outside b. fun c. danger d. in charge 5. What is the main idea of this passage? a. Never use metal utensils in a toaster. b. Electricity can be dangerous if you are not careful. c. If you see an exposed wire, don t touch it. d. Only professional electricians should touch power lines. 2

8 Questions: Electricity & Energy Electrical Safety 6. What does the passage say you should do in a lightning storm? 7. Why is it important to take precautions when something is dangerous? 8. The question below is an incomplete sentence. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Asking a responsible adult for help with electrical problems is often a good idea, when a fuse blows in your house. a. before b. such as c. at last d. in summary 9. Read the following sentence. The girl followed electrical safety precautions by calling the police when she saw a power line fall on her street. Answer the questions below based on the information provided in the sentence you just read. One of the questions has already been answered for you. 1. Who? the girl 2. What did the girl do? 3. When? 4. How? 3

9 Questions: Electricity & Energy Electrical Safety 10. Vocabulary Word: exposed: not concealed, unprotected. Use the vocabulary word in a sentence: 4

10 Engineering and Natural Gas James Folta Engineering and Natural Gas Matt Nelsen is a Mechanical Engineer for PG&E, which stands for Pacific Gas & Electric. PG&E is a company in Northern California that provides electricity and natural gas. Matt, as an engineer, designs the pipes that carry natural gas. Natural gas is found underground, trapped in rocks. It can be captured by drilling and pulling it out of the rocks. Once it is captured, it is refined so that people can use it. This gas can then be burned to do lots of different things. This natural gas is provided by PG&E to people in Northern California. It is used in houses and individual buildings like schools. This gas is used for heating, water heating, and cooking. Also, PG&E provides gas to factories and other big companies. This gas is used for power generation, equipment sanitation, and product development. Everything from making electricity to recycling to making all the things in stores can use natural gas. This gas is moved in pipes. Underground there are a lot of pipes that carry many different things in and out of buildings. There are pipes that carry water into a house and then there are pipes that carry the dirty water out. There are also pipes that move natural gas. Matt designs these pipes for PG&E, figuring out where the pipes need to be so that the gas gets where it needs to go. This is called designing high pressure transmission pipeline systems. This means that Matt figures out how many gas pipes are needed, how big they need to be, and how much gas needs to go through them. Matt needs to make sure that on any day, everyone who needs gas has it ReadWorks, Inc. All rights reserved.

11 Engineering and Natural Gas To figure this out, Matt first figures out when the most gas is being used. For Northern California, this is in the winter, as customers use more gas when it's cold out, says Matt. People need lots of gas in the winter to keep their houses warm and have hot water for showers and baths. People also use the most gas in the morning, when they want their homes to be warm when they wake up. Also, at this time of day many people are taking showers and they need hot water. So the morning in the winter is when the most gas is probably being used. Matt knows that this is when the most gas is needed. He designs pipes to be able to provide this amount of gas. Matt likes being an engineer because of the problem solving he gets to do. He likes thinking about how to approach complex issues and develop intelligent...solutions. Matt has to be able to be flexible and solve problems. If something goes wrong, he is one of the people whom PG&E asks to fix it. Matt also likes getting to see the pipe systems that he designs built in the real world. He says it is a little scary because his pipe designs affect so many people: construction workers, maintenance crews, customers. There are a lot of people depending on Matt getting the pipes right! But Matt says it's worth it when his pipe systems are built. When Matt's designs are built and work like he expects them to, he says he feels like he's really adding something to help people. It's a good feeling. Matt says the hardest thing is being worried that his solutions won't work. It's hard to know what will actually happen. Will there be enough gas? Will the pipes work correctly? Matt says that he can't have every piece of information [he] need[s] to solve a problem. This means that Matt and other engineers have to assume some things. Matt can guess how the pipes will work and how many people will need gas, but he can't know for sure. Not knowing for sure is the hard part of being an engineer. There is a lot of work that goes into making gas pipes work. Matt works very hard to make sure that they work properly. So next time you wash your hands with warm water or you use a gas stove, think of Matt and all the engineers who made sure your house is getting the gas it needs! 2013 ReadWorks, Inc. All rights reserved.

12 Questions: Engineering and Natural Gas Name: Date: 1. Where is natural gas found? A in the atmosphere B trapped in underground rocks C in the ocean D trapped in certain trees 2. What does the author describe in the passage? A rock drilling methods B how to get a job at PG&E C the use and transportation of natural gas D the education needed to become an engineer 3. Read the following sentences: Matt designs these pipes for PG&E, figuring out where the pipes need to be so that the gas gets where it needs to go This means that Matt figures out how many gas pipes are needed, how big they need to be, and how much gas needs to go through them. Based on this evidence, what conclusion can be made? A Matt has a challenging job. B Matt dislikes his job. C Matt has an easy job. D Matt will likely be promoted soon. 4. If the most gas is used in the morning during the winter, when can you infer that the least gas is used? A afternoon in winter B morning in summer C evening in winter D evening in summer 5. What is this passage mostly about? A the difficulties of being an engineer B average gas usage in an American city C designing the pipes that deliver natural gas D problems associated with drilling for natural gas ReadWorks, Inc. All rights reserved.

13 Questions: Engineering and Natural Gas 6. Read the following sentences: Matt says that he can't have every piece of information [he] need[s] to solve a problem. This means that Matt and other engineers have to assume some things. What does assume mean? A calculate B guess C research D understand 7. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence below. Natural gas is used for many domestic and commercial purposes, heating, cooking, power generation, and product development. A including B above all C first D therefore 8. Why does Matt enjoy being an engineer? ReadWorks, Inc. All rights reserved.

14 Questions: Engineering and Natural Gas 9. What does Matt need to figure out before the high-pressure transmission pipeline systems can be built? 10. What makes being an engineer of natural gas pipe systems challenging? Support your argument with two examples from the text ReadWorks, Inc. All rights reserved.