Study of the effect of water and gas injection on the total pressure gradient in upward-vertical viscous oil flow

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1 Study of the effect of water and gas injection on the total pressure gradient in upward-vertical viscous oil flow Douglas Martins Rocha Advisor: Prof. Assoc. Oscar M. H. Rodriguez

2 Context Feasibility $Production Flow Technology $Transportation Lifting methods and transportation Efficiency Research Multiphasic Flow 2

3 Douglas Martins Rocha - Master s Degree Project Jun/2014 Goal Multiphase flow study for improve the efficiency of oil lifting and transportation methods. Artificial Lifting 3

4 Gas-Lift Douglas Martins Rocha - Master s Degree Project Nov/2015 Gas-lift Applicable for low to medium flow rates (Re+/ ) Poor efficiency for heavy oil (high viscosity) Source: (Guet e Ooms, 2006) 4

5 Core-flow Douglas Martins Rocha - Master s Degree Project Nov/2015 Core-Flow Applicable for reducing the frictional component of the pressure gradient Water Oil Source: (Parda e Bannwart, 2001) Water 5

6 Water-Gas-Lift P z = P z g + P z f + P z a Gas-Lift Core-Flow Source: (Guet e Ooms, 2006) 6

7 Work strategy Develop a phenomenological model to predict the behavior of each flow. Investigate (lab tests) the behavior of each technique in vertical upward flow of oil from moderate to high viscosity Validation MODEL vs EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 7

8 Infrastructure 8Douglas Martins Rocha - Master s Degree Project Nov/2015

9 Problems Douglas Martins Rocha - Master s Degree Project Nov/2015 Modifications It wasn t possible to reach bobbles flow pattern It wasn t possible to reach annular flow pattern It wasn t possible to measure easily differential pressure gradient with accuracy It wasn t possible to reach high superficial oil velocities because the high oil line pressure loss It wasn t possible to work with several oil viscosities 9

10 Today (flow pattern injectors) Oil-Gas flow Churn/Slug Annular Bobbles Oil 10

11 Today (flow pattern injectors) 11

12 Today (differential pressure) 12

13 Today (differential pressure) ENDRESS HAUSER 1 With rang of (-3 to 3 kpa) 1 With range of (-40 to 40 kpa), adjustable to -10 to 20 kpa Accurace 1 With +/- 4,5Pa 1With +/- 22,5 Pa (+/- 0,075% of set span) 13

14 Today (heat oil system) 14

15 Modeling (two phase flow) Annular Two fluid model approach Intermittent Taitel and Barnea (1990) Sylvester (1987) Bubble Homogeneous Model 15

16 Modeling (two phase flow) Homogeneous Model for all flow patterns Phase fractions calculated with Hibiki and Ishii (2002,2003) Flow pattern predicted with Taitel, Barnea and Dukler (1980) Liquid viscosity predicted with Guet et al. (2006) 16

17 Modeling (two phase flow) All the models showed before will be applied for three phase flow Liquid viscosity predicted with Guet et al. (2006) Liquid = Oil + Water So, it is a model for two phase flow 17

18 Modeling (three phase flow) Challenge Develop a phenomenological model for three phase flow. THIS NEED EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS. Flow pattern Phase fractions dp/dz Information about phases interactions. Slippage between the phase Gravitational and frictional Development Validating Validating 18

19 Some results in modeling 19

20 Test Matrix (preliminary) 20

21 Test Matrix (preliminary) 21

22 Test Matrix (preliminary) 22

23 Expected results Effective viscosity limit of the mixture (gas lift), above which the gas injection shows less advantageous to reduce the pressure gradient for a given production rate of oil; Determining the impact of the pattern threephase flow in reducing the pressure gradient Acquire new data about three phase flow pattern (Wire-Mesh, High Speed Camera ). Develop an effective three phase flow model to predict phase fractions and pressure gradient. 23

24 References GUET, S.; OOMS, G. Fluid mechanical aspects of the gas-lift technique. In: (Ed.). Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews, v.38, p (Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics). Taitel, Yehuda, and Dvora Barnea. "Two-phase slug flow." Adv. Heat Transfer 20 (1990): Guet, S., et al. "An inverse dispersed multiphase flow model for liquid production rate determination." International journal of multiphase flow 32.5 (2006): PARDA, V. J. W.; BANNWART A. C. Modeling of vertical core-annular flows and application to heavy oil production. J Energy Resour Technol. ASME. v.123, p SYLVESTER, N. D. A mechanistic model for two-phase vertical slug flow in pipes. Journal of energy resources technology, v. 109, n. 4, p , BARNEA, Dvora et al. Flow pattern transition for gas-liquid flow in horizontal and inclined pipes. Comparison of experimental data with theory.international Journal of Multiphase Flow, v. 6, n. 3, p , HIBIKI, Takashi; ISHII, Mamoru. One-dimensional drift flux model for two-phase flow in a large diameter pipe. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, v. 46, n. 10, p , HIBIKI, Takashi; ISHII, Mamoru. Distribution parameter and drift velocity of drift-flux model in bubbly flow. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, v. 45, n. 4, p ,

25 OBRIGADO! 25