EOR Protocol SPECIFIED GAS EMITTERS REGULATION. Flagged. OCTOBER 2007 Version 1. Page i

Transcription

1 SPECIFIED GAS EMITTERS REGULATION QUANTIFICATION PROTOCOL FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY OCTOBER 2007 Verson 1 Page

2 Dsclamer: The nformaton provded n ths document s ntended as gudance only and s subject to revsons as learnngs and new nformaton comes forward as part of a commtment to contnuous mprovement. Ths document s not a substtute for the law. Please consult the Specfed Gas Emtters Regulaton and the legslaton for all purposes of nterpretng and applyng the law. In the event that there s a dfference between ths document and the Specfed Gas Emtters Regulaton or legslaton, the Specfed Gas Emtters Regulaton or the legslaton preval. Acknowledgements: Ths protocol s largely based on the CO2-EOR Offset Quantfcaton Protocol dated September, Ths document was prepared by EnergyINet Inc. and the Alberta Research Councl Inc. for submsson to Alberta Envronment. Ths document represents an abrdged, re-formatted and amended verson of the referenced work. Therefore, the seed document remans as a source of addtonal detal on any of the techncal elements of the protocol. Note To Enhanced Ol Recovery Project Developers: There are two protocols coverng enhanced ol recovery projects. Ths document represents the full scope protocol document. A streamlned verson s also avalable for projects whch meet the lmted scope descrbed theren. Any comments, questons, or suggestons regardng the content of ths document may be drected to: Envronmental Assurance Alberta Envronment 10th Floor, Oxbrdge Place th Street Edmonton, Alberta, T5K 2J6 E-mal: AENV.GHG@gov.ab.ca ISBN: (Prnted) ISBN: (On-lne) Copyrght n ths publcaton, regardless of format, belongs to Her Majesty the Queen n rght of the Provnce of Alberta. Reproducton of ths publcaton, n whole or n part, regardless of purpose, requres the pror wrtten permsson of Alberta Envronment. Her Majesty the Queen n rght of the Provnce of Alberta, 2007 Page

3 Table of Contents 1.0 Project and Methodology Scope and Descrpton Protocol Scope and Descrpton Glossary of New Terms Quantfcaton Development and Justfcaton Identfcaton of Sources and Snks (SS s) for the Project Identfcaton of Baselne Identfcaton of SS s for the Baselne Selecton of Relevant Project and Baselne SS s Quantfcaton of Reductons, Removals and Reversals of Relevant SS s Quantfcaton Approaches Contngent Data Approaches Management of Data Qualty Record Keepng Qualty Assurance/Qualty Control (QA/QC) Lst of Fgures FIGURE 1.1 Process Flow Dagram for Project Condton 2 FIGURE 1.2 Process Flow Dagram for Baselne Condton 3 FIGURE 2.1 Project Element Lfe Cycle Chart 8 FIGURE 2.2 Baselne Element Lfe Cycle Chart 13 Lst of Tables TABLE 2.1 Project SS s 9 TABLE 2.2 Baselne SS s 14 TABLE 2.3 Comparson of SS s 18 TABLE 2.4 Quantfcaton Procedures 23 TABLE 2.5 Contngent Data Collecton Procedures 37 Page

4 1.0 Project and Methodology Scope and Descrpton Ths quantfcaton protocol s wrtten for the EOR system operator or EOR project developer. Some famlarty wth, or general understandng of, the operaton of an ol producton and EOR system s assumed. The opportunty for generatng carbon offsets wth ths protocol arses from the drect and ndrect reductons of greenhouse gas (GHG) emssons resultng from the geologcal storage of waste gas streams contanng greenhouse gases as part of enhanced ol recovery (EOR) schemes. 1.1 Protocol Scope and Descrpton Ths protocol quantfes emsson reductons created by the capture, processng, transport, njecton, recrculaton and geologcal storage of waste gases from ol and gas producton processes or ndustral processes. FIGURE 1.1 offers a process flow dagram for a typcal project. Protocol Approach: Ths protocol apples to projects where the njected gases are from ndustral sources and would wse have been emtted to atmosphere. Carbon doxde produced as a byproduct of natural gas or ol producton that would wse have been vented to atmosphere may also be ncluded. Ths protocol serves as a generc recpe for project developers to follow n order to meet the measurement, montorng and GHG quantfcaton requrements. The baselne condton has been dentfed as the ventng or flarng of the greenhouse gases contaned wthn waste gas streams ether at the capture pont or as part of processng, and where applcable, the operaton of the ol producton system wthout njecton and geologcal storage. The baselne condton could nclude an ol producton system usng water-flood for enhanced ol recovery. For llustraton purposes, the process flow dagrams FIGURES 1.1 and 1.2 for the baselne and project condton nclude two types of source gases: Source Type A - applcable to ol and gas producton projects where soluton gas capture and processng, ventng or flarng are part of the normal operatng practce for the faclty, and the EOR project has been mplemented to utlze the CO2 porton of the captured soluton gas. Ths source type s antcpated to apply to soluton gas capture and processng n the ol and gas producton ndustres. Page 1

5 EOR Protcol FIGURE 1.1: Process Flow Dagram for Project Condton P1a Source Type A Gas Capture P2a Flarng at P3a Ventng at P4a Fugtve Emssons at P1b Source Type B Gas Capture P2b Flarng at P3b Ventng at P4b Fugtve Emssons at P5a Source Type A Gas P6a Fugtve Emssons n P11a Saleable Component Transport and Use P5b Source Type B Gas P6b Fugtve Emssons n P11b Saleable Component Transport and Use P7a Source Type A Gas Processng P8a Flarng at Processng P9a Ventng at Processng P10a Fugtve Emssons at Processng P7b Source Type B Gas Processng P8b Flarng at Processng P9b Ventng at Processng P10b Fugtve Emssons at Processng P12 Injecton Gas P14 Injecton Unt Operaton P15 Flarng at Injecton P16 Ventng at Injecton P17 Fugtve Emssons at Injecton P18 Fuel Producton, Dstrbuton and Usage P19 Recycled Injecton Gas P13 Fugtve Emssons n P20 Electrcty Usage P21 Fuel Extracton / Processng P22 Fuel Delvery P23 Development of P24 Buldng Equpment P25 of Equpment P26 Constructon on P27 Testng of Equpment P28 Decommssonng Page 2

6 EOR Protcol FIGURE 1.2: Process Flow Dagram for Baselne Condton B1a Source Type A Gas Capture B5 Source Type A Gas B7 Source Type A Gas Processng B12 Fuel Producton, Dstrbuton and Usage B13 Fuel Extracton / Processng B2a Flarng at B3a Ventng at B4a Fugtve Emssons at B1b Source Type B Gas Capture B2b Flarng at B3b Ventng at B4b Fugtve Emssons at B6 Fugtve Emssons n B11 Saleable Component Transport and Use B8 Flarng at Processng B9 Ventng at Processng B10 Fugtve Emssons at Processng B14 Fuel Delvery B15 Electrcty Usage B16 Development of B17 Buldng Equpment B18 of Equpment B19 Constructon on B20 Testng of Equpment P21 Decommssonng Page 3

7 Source Type B - applcable to projects where gas capture and processng are not normally undertaken (and thus are not descrbed n the baselne process flow dagram), but are added to the system n order to utlze waste gases for EOR. Source Type B s antcpated to apply to ndustral processes outsde of the fossl fuel producton ndustry. For Source Type B emssons, the capture pont s defned at the ste where capture systems would be mplemented under the project condton, and processng downstream under a baselne condton would not exst as part of the normal ste operatons. FIGURE 1.2 offers a process flow dagram for a typcal baselne confguraton. For EOR projects that use more than one source of CO 2, the project proponent must dentfy the type of each source and perform the applcable quantfcaton calculatons for each source. Protocol Applcablty: To demonstrate that a project meets the requrements under ths protocol, the project developer must provde evdence that: 1. The storage project results n removal of emssons that would wse have been released to the atmosphere as ndcated by an affrmaton from the project developer and project schematcs; 2. The emssons captured under the protocol are reported as emtted at the source faclty such that the emsson reductons are not double counted; 3. The enhanced recovery scheme has obtaned approval from the Alberta Energy and Utltes Board (AEUB) and meets the requrements outlned under Drectve 051: Injecton and Dsposal Wells Well Classfcatons, Completons, Loggng and Testng Requrements and Drectve 065 Resources Applcatons for Conventonal Ol and Gas Reservors. 4. Meterng of njected gas volumes takes place as close to the njecton pont as s reasonable to address the potental for fugtve emssons as demonstrated by a project schematcs; 5. The quantfcaton of reductons acheved by the project s based on actual measurement and montorng (except where ndcated n ths protocol) as ndcated by the proper applcaton of ths protocol; and 6. The project must meet the requrements for offset elgblty as specfed n the applcable regulaton and gudance documents for the Alberta Offset System. Protocol Flexblty: Flexblty n applyng the quantfcaton protocol s provded to project developers n three ways: 1. Not all parameters are applcable to all EOR systems. Those sources and snks (SS s) that are not applcable wll be excluded as ther nput varables wll be zeros. Page 4

8 As such, the project developer can exclude sources and snks that are not applcable to ther project wth reasonable justfcaton; and 2. Ths protocol may be appled to projects where an exstng njecton program s beng expanded to nclude addtonal capacty. In the case of a project expanson, the proponent may consder the addtonal capacty as a new project. Alternatvely, the project developer may nclude the prevous operatons as the operatng condton under the baselne. As such, the SS s consdered under the baselne condton may be amended to nclude SS s as defned for the project condton that are applcable under the baselne condton. If applcable, the developer must ndcate and justfy why flexblty provsons have been 1.2 Glossary of New Terms Functonal Equvalence Enhanced Ol Recovery: : Leakage: The Project and the Baselne should provde the same functon and qualty of products or servces. Ths type of comparson requres a common metrc or unt of measurement (such as the barrels of ol produced) for comparson between the Project and Baselne actvty (refer to the Project Gudance Document for the Alberta Offset System) Ol recovery over and above what s obtaned usng the natural pressure of the reservor. For the purposes of ths protocol, ths s obtaned through carbon doxde and/or acd gas njecton. The pont n the process where gas contanng GHGs that would wse be vented or flared s captured for eventual njecton as part of an EOR project. Escape of the njected gas nto adjacent wells or underground formatons. Mgraton: Seepage: Lateral movement of the njected gas wthn the reservor. Escape of the njected gas to the bosphere, ncludng non-salne water and atmospherc envronment. Page 5

9 2.0 Quantfcaton Development and Justfcaton The followng sectons outlne the quantfcaton development and justfcaton. 2.1 Identfcaton of Sources and Snks (SS s) for the Project SS s were dentfed for the project by revewng the seed documents and relevant process flow dagram developed by the Alberta Research Councl. Ths process confrmed that the SS s n the process flow dagrams covered the full scope of elgble project actvtes under the protocol. Based on the process flow dagrams provded n FIGURE 1.1, the project SS s were organzed nto lfe cycle categores n FIGURE 2.1. Descrptons of each of the SS s and ther classfcaton as controlled, related or affected are provded n TABLE 2.1. Page 6

10 FIGURE 2.1: Project Element Lfe Cycle Chart Upstream SS s Durng Project P1a/b Source Type A/B Gas Capture P9a/b Ventng at Processng Downstream SS s Before Project P23 Development of P24 Buldng Equpment P25 of Equpment P26 Constructon on P27 Testng of Equpment P2a/b Flarng at P10a/b Fugtve Emssons at Processng P3a/b Ventng at P11a/b Saleable Component Processng and Transport On SS s Durng Project P4a/b Fugtve Emssons at P12 Injecton Gas P14 Injecton Unt Operaton P15 Flarng at Injecton P5a/b Source Type A/B Gas P13 Fugtve Emssons n P16 Ventng at Injecton P17 Fugtve Emssons at Injecton P6a/b Fugtve Emssons n P20 Electrcty Usage P7a/b Source Type A/B Gas Processng P21 Fuel Extracton / Processng P8a/b Flarng at Processng P22 Fuel Delvery Downstream SS s After Project P28 Decommssonng Downstream SS s Durng Project P18 Fuel Producton and Dstrbuton P19 Recycled Injecton Gas Page 7

11 TABLE 2.1: Project SS s 1. SS 2. Descrpton Upstream SS s durng Project Operaton P1a/b Source Gas Source Type A or Source Type B gas streams may be captured. Energy n the form of fossl fuels may be Capture requred durng the capture process. The types and quanttes of fuel consumed would need to be tracked. Source Type A or Source Type B gas may be flared at the capture ste as a result of emergency shut-down, P2a/b Flarng at Capture mantenance or operatonal condtons. The quantty of gas flared and any supplemental fuel would need to be tracked. P3a/b Ventng at P4a/b Fugtve Emssons at Capture P5a/b Source Type A and Source Type B Gas P6a/b Fugtve Emssons n P7a/b Source Type A and Source Type B Gas Processng P8a/b Flarng at Processng P9a/b Ventng at Processng P10a/b Fugtve Emssons at Processng P11a/b Saleable Component Processng and Transport Source Type A or Source Type B gas may be vented at the capture ste as a result of emergency shutdown, mantenance or operatonal condton. The quantty of gas vented would need to be tracked. Fugtve emssons may occur from equpment used to capture Source Type A or Source Type B gas. The quantty of fugtve emssons would need to be tracked. Source Type A or Source Type B gas transportaton systems may requre compressors and equpment for the gatherng and transport of the gas from the capture ste to the processng ste by ppelne. Ths equpment may be fuelled by desel, gasolne or natural gas, resultng n GHG emssons. Other fuels may also be used n some rare cases. Gas may also be transported by truck or tanker, whch would requre fuel consumpton resultng n GHG emssons. Quanttes and types for each of the energy nputs may need to be tracked. Fugtve emssons may occur from equpment and facltes used to transport Source Type A or Source Type B gas. The quantty of fugtve emssons would need to be tracked. Source Type A or Source Type B gas may be separated nto component gases usng chemcal and physcal processng equpment. Ths equpment would be fuelled by desel, gasolne or natural gas, resultng n GHG emssons. Other fuels may also be used n some rare cases. Quanttes and types for each of the energy nputs may need to be tracked. Source Type A or Source Type B gas may be flared at the processng ste as a result of emergency shutdown, mantenance or operatonal condtons. The quantty of gas flared would need to be tracked. Source Type A or Source Type B gas may be vented at the processng ste as a result of emergency shutdown, mantenance or operatonal condtons. The quantty of gas vented would need to be tracked. Fugtve emssons may occur from equpment used at the processng ste. The quantty of fugtve emssons would need to be tracked. Saleable components of the Source Type A or Source Type B gas may requre further processng and transportaton to end users, resultng n emssons of greenhouse gases. The parameters characterzng the emssons would need to be tracked. 3. Controlled, or Affected Page 8

12 P12 Injecton Gas P13 Fugtve Emssons n P20 Electrcty Usage P21 Fuel Extracton and Processng P22 Fuel Delvery Onste SS s durng Project Operaton P14 Injecton Unt Operaton P15 Flarng at Injecton P16 Ventng at Injecton P17 Fugtve Emssons at Injecton Downstream SS s durng Project Operaton P18 Fuel Producton and Dstrbuton P19 Recycled Injecton Gas Injecton gas transportaton systems may requre compressors and equpment for the gatherng and transport of the gas from the capture ste to the njecton ste by ppelne. Ths equpment may be fuelled by desel, gasolne or natural gas, resultng n GHG emssons. Other fuels may also be used n some rare cases. Gas may also be transported by truck or tanker, whch would requre fuel consumpton resultng n GHG emssons. Quanttes and types for each of the energy nputs may need to be tracked. Fugtve emssons may occur from equpment used to transport njecton gas. The quantty of fugtve emssons would need to be tracked. Electrcty may be requred to power equpment throughout the capture, processng and njecton processes. The quantty of power consumed and the source of electrcty would need to be tracked. Each of the fuels used throughout the project may need to sourced and processed. Ths wll allow for the calculaton of the greenhouse gas emssons from the varous processes nvolved n the producton, refnement and storage of the fuels. The total volumes of fuel for each of the SS s are consdered under ths SS. Volumes and types of fuels are the mportant characterstcs to be tracked. Each of the fuels used throughout the project may need to be transported to the ste. Ths may nclude shpments by tanker or by ppelne, resultng n the emssons of greenhouse gases. It s reasonable to exclude fuel sourced by takng equpment to an exstng commercal fuellng staton as the fuel used to take the equpment to the stes s captured under SS s and there s no delvery. Operaton of the njecton unt may requre the use of pumps and pressure equpment. Mechancal equpment may be requred to treat the Source Type A gas n order meet the requred specfcatons for njecton. Ths may requre several energy nputs such as electrcty, natural gas and desel. Quanttes and types for each of the energy nputs would be tracked. From tme to tme njecton gas may be flared at the njecton ste as a result of emergency shut-down, mantenance or operatonal condton. Emssons of greenhouse gases would be contrbuted from the combuston of the njecton gas as well as from any natural gas used n flarng to ensure more complete combuston. Quanttes of njecton gas beng flared and the quanttes of natural gas would need to be tracked. From tme to tme njecton gas may be vented at the njecton ste as a result of emergency shut-down, mantenance or operatonal condton. The quantty of gas vented would need to be tracked. Fugtve emssons wll occur from equpment used at the njecton ste. The quantty of fugtve emssons would need to be tracked. Ol, natural gas and / or coal bed methane may be produced as a result of the njecton process. The addtonal quantty of fossl fuels produced and transported for processng would need to be tracked. Injected gas may be re-crculated through producton wells n the area. The re-crculated gas may be renjected or released (vented or flared). Emssons due to recrculaton of gas that s not re-njected would need to be tracked. Controlled Controlled Controlled Page 9

13 Other P23 Development of P24 Buldng Equpment P25 of Equpment P26 Constructon on P27 Testng of Equpment P28 Decommssonng The ste may need to be developed. Ths could nclude cvl nfrastructure such as access to electrcty, gas and water supply, as well as sewer etc. Ths may also nclude clearng, gradng, buldng access roads, etc. There wll also need to be some buldng of structures for the faclty such as storage areas, storm water dranage, offces, vent stacks, frefghtng water storage lagoons, etc., as well as structures to enclose, support and house the equpment. Greenhouse gas emssons would be prmarly attrbuted to the use of fossl fuels and electrcty used to power equpment requred to develop the ste such as graders, backhoes, trenchng machnes, etc. Equpment may need to be bult ether on-ste or off-ste. Ths ncludes all of the components of the storage, handlng, processng, combuston, ar qualty control, system control and safety systems. These may be sourced as pre-made standard equpment or custom bult to specfcaton. Greenhouse gas emssons would be prmarly attrbuted to the use of fossl fuels and electrcty used to power equpment for the extracton of the raw materals, processng, fabrcatng and assembly. Equpment bult off-ste and the materals to buld equpment on-ste, wll all need to be delvered to the ste. may be completed by tran, truck, by some combnaton, or even by courer. Greenhouse gas emssons would be prmarly attrbuted to the use of fossl fuels to power the equpment delverng the equpment to the ste. The process of constructon at the ste wll requre a varety of heavy equpment, smaller power tools, cranes and generators. The operaton of ths equpment wll have assocated greenhouse gas emsson from the use of fossl fuels and electrcty. Equpment may need to be tested to ensure that t s operatonal. Ths may result n runnng the equpment usng test anaerobc dgeston fuels or fossl fuels n order to ensure that the equpment runs properly. These actvtes wll result n greenhouse gas emssons assocated wth the combuston of fossl fuels and the use of electrcty. Once the faclty s no longer operatonal, the ste may need to be decommssoned. Ths may nvolve the dsassembly of the equpment, demolton of on-ste structures, dsposal of some materals, envronmental restoraton, re-gradng, plantng or seedng, and transportaton of materals off-ste. Greenhouse gas emssons would be prmarly attrbuted to the use of fossl fuels and electrcty used to power equpment requred to decommsson the ste. Page 10

14 2.2 Identfcaton of Baselne The baselne condton for projects applyng ths protocol s defned as the operatng condton pror to the start-up or expanson of the njecton operaton. The baselne s project-specfc but would be antcpated to nclude the ventng or flarng of the greenhouse gases contaned wthn source gas streams ether at the capture pont or as part of processng, and where applcable, the operaton of the ol producton system wthout njecton and geologcal storage, or usng a water-flood enhanced recovery scheme. For Source Type B emssons, the capture pont s defned at the ste where capture systems would be mplemented under the project condton. The approach to quantfyng the baselne wll be calculaton based as there are sutable data avalable for the applcable baselne condton that can provde reasonable certanty. The volume of CO2 njected under the project condton s assumed to have been vented to atmosphere under the baselne condton. The baselne scenaro for ths protocol s dynamc as the volume of gas njected would be expected to change materally from project to project. The baselne condton s defned, ncludng the relevant SS s and processes, as shown n FIGURE 1.2. More detal on each of these SS s s provded n Secton 2.3, below. 2.3 Identfcaton of SS s for the Baselne Based on the process flow dagrams provded n FIGURE 1.2, the project SS s were organzed nto lfe cycle categores n FIGURE 2.2. Descrptons of each of the SS s and ther classfcaton as ether controlled, related or affected s provded n TABLE 2.2. Page 11

15 Page 12

16 FIGURE 2.2: Baselne Element Lfe Cycle Chart Upstream SS s Durng Baselne B1a/b Source Type A/B Gas Capture B2a/b Flarng at B3a/b Ventng at B4a/b Fugtve Emssons at B5 Source Type A Gas B6 Fugtve Emssons n B7 Source Type A Gas Processng B8 Flarng at Processng Downstream SS s Before Baselne B16 Development of B17 Buldng Equpment B18 of Equpment B19 Constructon on B20 Testng of Equpment B9 Ventng at Processng B10 Fugtve Emssons at Processng On SS s Durng Baselne B11 Saleable Component Processng and Transport B13 Fuel Extracton / Processng B14 Fuel Delvery B15 Electrcty Usage Downstream SS s After Baselne B21 Decommssonng Downstream SS s Durng Baselne B12 Fuel Producton and Dstrbuton Page 13

17 TABLE 2.2: Baselne SS s 1. SS 2. Descrpton Upstream SS s durng Baselne Operaton B1a/b Source Type A/B Gas Capture B2a/b Flarng at B3a/b Ventng at B4a/b Fugtve Emssons at Capture B5 Source Type A Gas B6 Fugtve Emssons In B7 Source Type A Gas Processng B8a/b Flarng at Processng B9 Ventng at Processng B10 Fugtve Emssons at Processng B11a/b Saleable Component Processng and Transport Source Type A/B gas streams produced may be captured at the project ste for eventual ventng, flarng or processng. Energy n the form of fossl fuels or electrcty may be requred durng the capture process. The types and quanttes of fuel or electrcty consumed would need to be tracked. From tme to tme Source Type A/B gas may be flared at the capture ste as a result of emergency shut-down, mantenance or operatonal condton. The quantty of gas flared would need to be tracked. From tme to tme Source Type A/B gas may be vented at the capture ste as a result of emergency shutdown, mantenance or operatonal condton. The quantty of gas flared would need to be tracked. Fugtve emssons may occur from equpment used to capture Source Type A gas or Source Type B gas. The quantty of fugtve emssons would need to be tracked. Source Type A gas transportaton systems may requre compressors and equpment for the gatherng and transport of the gas from the capture ste to the processng ste. Ths equpment may be fuelled by desel, gasolne or natural gas, resultng n GHG emssons. Other fuels may also be used n some rare cases. Gas may also be transported by truck or tanker, whch would requre fuel consumpton resultng n GHG emssons. Quanttes and types for each of the energy nputs may need to be tracked. Fugtve emssons may occur from equpment used to transport Source Type A gas. The quantty of fugtve emssons would need to be tracked. Source Type A gas may be separated nto component gases usng chemcal and physcal processng equpment. Ths equpment would be fuelled by desel, gasolne or natural gas, resultng n GHG emssons. Other fuels may also be used n some rare cases. Quanttes and types for each of the energy nputs may need to be tracked. Source Type A/B gas may be flared at the processng ste as a result of emergency shut-down, mantenance or operatonal condton. The quantty of gas flared would need to be tracked. Processed gas may be vented at the processng ste as a result of emergency shut-down, mantenance or operatonal condton. The quantty of gas flared would need to be tracked. Fugtve emssons may occur from equpment used to process Source Type A gas. The quantty of fugtve emssons would need to be tracked. Saleable components of the Source Type A/B gas may then be transported to end users, resultng n emssons from the end-use combuston of sales gas. The types and quanttes of gas sold would need to be tracked. 3. Controlled, or Affected Page 14

18 B13 Fuel Extracton/ Processng B14 Fuel Delvery B15 Electrcty Usage Downstream SS s durng Baselne Operaton B12 Fuel Producton and Dstrbuton Other B16 Development of B17 Buldng Equpment B18 of Equpment B19 Constructon on B20 Testng of Equpment Each of the fuels used throughout the project wll need to sourced and processed. Ths wll allow for the calculaton of the greenhouse gas emssons from the varous processes nvolved n the producton, refnement and storage of the fuels. The total volumes of fuel for each of the SS s are consdered under ths SS. Volumes and types of fuels are the mportant characterstcs to be tracked. Each of the fuels used throughout the project wll need to be transported to the ste. Ths may nclude shpments by tanker or by ppelne, resultng n the emssons of greenhouse gases. It s reasonable to exclude fuel sourced by takng equpment to an exstng commercal fuellng staton as the fuel used to take the equpment to the stes s captured under SS s and there s no delvery. Electrcty may be requred to power equpment throughout the capture and processng processes. The quantty of power consumed and the source of electrcty would need to be tracked. Ol, natural gas and / or coal bed methane would have to be produced to offset that whch may be produced under the njecton processes under the project condton. The quantty of ol produced and transported for processng would need to be tracked. The ste may need to be developed. Ths could nclude cvl nfrastructure such as access to electrcty, gas and water supply, as well as sewer etc. Ths may also nclude clearng, gradng, buldng access roads, etc. There wll also need to be some buldng of structures for the faclty such as storage areas, storm water dranage, offces, vent stacks, frefghtng water storage lagoons, etc., as well as structures to enclose, support and house the equpment. Greenhouse gas emssons would be prmarly attrbuted to the use of fossl fuels and electrcty used to power equpment requred to develop the ste such as graders, backhoes, trenchng machnes, etc. Equpment may need to be bult ether on-ste or off-ste. Ths ncludes all of the components of the storage, handlng, processng, combuston, ar qualty control, system control and safety systems. These may be sourced as pre-made standard equpment or custom bult to specfcaton. Greenhouse gas emssons would be prmarly attrbuted to the use of fossl fuels and electrcty used to power equpment for the extracton of the raw materals, processng, fabrcatng and assembly. Equpment bult off-ste and the materals to buld equpment on-ste, wll all need to be delvered to the ste. may be completed by tran, truck, by some combnaton, or even by courer. Greenhouse gas emssons would be prmarly attrbuted to the use of fossl fuels to power the equpment delverng the equpment to the ste. The process of constructon at the ste wll requre a varety of heavy equpment, smaller power tools, cranes and generators. The operaton of ths equpment wll have assocated greenhouse gas emsson from the use of fossl fuels and electrcty. Equpment may need to be tested to ensure that t s operatonal. Ths may result n runnng the equpment usng test anaerobc dgeston fuels or fossl fuels n order to ensure that the equpment runs properly. These actvtes wll result n greenhouse gas emssons assocated wth the combuston of fossl fuels and the use of electrcty. Page 15

19 B21 Decommssonng Once the faclty s no longer operatonal, the ste may need to be decommssoned. Ths may nvolve the dsassembly of the equpment, demolton of on-ste structures, dsposal of some materals, envronmental restoraton, re-gradng, plantng or seedng, and transportaton of materals off-ste. Greenhouse gas emssons would be prmarly attrbuted to the use of fossl fuels and electrcty used to power equpment requred to decommsson the ste. Page 16

20 2.4 Selecton of Relevant Project and Baselne SS s Each of the SS s from the project and baselne condton were compared and evaluated as to ther relevancy usng the gudance provded n Annex VI of the Gude to Quantfcaton Methodologes and Protocols: Draft, dated March 2006 (). The justfcaton for the excluson or condtons upon whch SS s may be excluded s provded n TABLE 2.3 below. All SS s lsted prevously are ncluded. Page 17

21 TABLE 2.3: Comparson of SS s 1. Identfed SS Upstream SS s P1a Source Type A Gas Capture B1a Source Type A Gas Capture P1b Source Type B Gas Capture B1b Source Type B Gas Capture P2a Flarng at Capture B2a Flarng at Capture P2b Flarng at Capture B2b Flarng at Capture P3a Ventng at Capture B3a Ventng at Capture P3b Ventng at Capture B3b Ventng at Capture P4a/b Fugtve Emssons at B4a/b Fugtve Emssons at P5a Source Type A Gas B5 Source Type A Gas 2. Baselne (C, R, A) 3. Project (C, R, A) 4. Include or Exclude from Quantfcaton N/A Exclude N/A Exclude N/A Include N/A N/A Include N/A N/A Exclude N/A Exclude N/A Include N/A N/A Include N/A N/A Exclude N/A Exclude N/A Include N/A N/A Include N/A N/A Exclude N/A Exclude N/A Exclude N/A Exclude 5. Justfcaton for Excluson Excluded as these SS s are functonally equvalent under the project and baselne condtons. Excluded as these SS s are functonally equvalent under the project and baselne condtons. Excluded as these SS s are functonally equvalent under the project and baselne condtons. Excluded as the fugtve emssons are lkely neglgble n comparson to emssons. Excluded as these SS s are functonally equvalent under the project and baselne condtons. Page 18

22 P5b Source Type B Gas N/A Include N/A P6a/b Fugtve Emssons N/A Exclude In Excluded as the fugtve emssons are lkely neglgble n B6 Fugtve Emssons In comparson to emssons. N/A Exclude P7a Source Type A Gas N/A Exclude Processng Excluded as these SS s are functonally equvalent under the B7 Source Type A Gas project and baselne condtons. N/A Exclude Processng P7b Source Type B Gas N/A Include N/A Processng P8a/b Flarng at N/A Exclude Excluded as these SS s are not relevant to the project as the Processng emssons from these practses are covered under proposed B8 Flarng at Processng N/A Exclude greenhouse gas regulatons. P9a/b Ventng at N/A Exclude Excluded as these SS s are not relevant to the project as the Processng emssons from these practses are covered under proposed B9 Ventng at Processng N/A Exclude greenhouse gas regulatons. P10a/b Fugtve Emssons at Processng N/A Exclude Excluded as the fugtve emssons are lkely neglgble n comparson to emssons. B10 Fugtve Emssons at N/A Exclude Processng P11a/b Saleable Component Transport and N/A Exclude Excluded as these SS s are functonally equvalent n the project Use and baselne condtons. B11 Saleable Component N/A Exclude Transport and Use P12 Injecton Gas N/A Include N/A P13 Fugtve Emssons n Excluded as the fugtve emssons are lkely neglgble n N/A Exclude comparson to emssons. P20 Electrcty Usage N/A Exclude Excluded as these SS s are not relevant to the project as the emssons from these practses are covered under proposed B15 Electrcty Usage N/A Exclude greenhouse gas regulatons. P21 Fuel Extracton and N/A Include N/A Processng Page 19

23 B13 Fuel Extracton and Processng N/A Include N/A P22 Fuel Delvery N/A Exclude Excluded as the emssons from transportaton are neglgble B14 Fuel Delvery N/A Exclude and lkely greater under the baselne condton. Onste SS s P14 Injecton Unt Operaton N/A Controlled Include N/A P15 Flarng at Injecton N/A Controlled Include N/A P16 Ventng at Injecton N/A Controlled Include N/A P17 Fugtve Emssons at Excluded as the fugtve emssons are lkely neglgble n N/A Exclude Injecton comparson to emssons. Downstream SS s P18 Fuel Producton and N/A Exclude Dstrbuton Excluded as these SS s are functonally equvalent under the B12 Fuel Producton and project and baselne condtons. N/A Exclude Dstrbuton P19 Recycled Injecton Gas N/A Include N/A Other P23 Development of N/A Exclude Emssons from ste development are not materal gven the long project lfe, and the mnmal ste development typcally requred. B16 Development of N/A Exclude Emssons from ste development are not materal for the baselne condton gven the mnmal ste development typcally requred. P24 Buldng Equpment N/A Exclude Emssons from buldng equpment are not materal gven the long project lfe, and the mnmal buldng equpment typcally requred. B17 Buldng Equpment N/A Exclude Emssons from buldng equpment are not materal for the baselne condton gven the mnmal buldng equpment typcally requred. P25 of Equpment N/A Exclude Emssons from transportaton of equpment are not materal gven the long project lfe, and the mnmal transportaton of equpment typcally requred. Page 20

24 B18 of Equpment N/A Exclude P26 Constructon on N/A Exclude B19 Constructon on N/A Exclude P27 Testng of Equpment N/A Exclude B20 Testng of Equpment N/A Exclude P28 Decommssonng B21 Decommssonng N/A Exclude N/A Exclude Emssons from transportaton of equpment are not materal for the baselne condton gven the mnmal transportaton of equpment typcally requred. Emssons from constructon on ste are not materal gven the long project lfe, and the mnmal constructon on ste typcally requred. Emssons from constructon on ste are not materal for the baselne condton gven the mnmal constructon on ste typcally requred. Emssons from testng of equpment are not materal gven the long project lfe, and the mnmal testng of equpment typcally requred. Emssons from testng of equpment are not materal for the baselne condton gven the mnmal testng of equpment typcally requred. Emssons from decommssonng are not materal gven the long project lfe, and the mnmal decommssonng typcally requred. Emssons from decommssonng are not materal for the baselne condton gven the mnmal decommssonng typcally requred. Page 21

25 2.5 Quantfcaton of Reductons, Removals and Reversals of Relevant SS s Quantfcaton Approaches Quantfcaton of the reductons, removals and reversals of relevant SS s for each of the greenhouse gases wll be completed usng the methodologes outlned n TABLE 2.4, below. A lstng of relevant emsson factors s provded n Appendx A. These calculaton methodologes serve to complete the followng three equatons for calculatng the emsson reductons from the comparson of the baselne and project condtons. Emssons Baselne = Emssons Fuel Extracton / Processng + Emssons Capture + Emssons Capture Flare + Emssons Capture Vent + Emssons PG Tr ansport + Emssons Process Emssons Project = Emssons Fuel Extracton / Processng + Emssons Capture + Emssons Capture Flare + Emssons Capture Vent + Emssons PG T ransport + Emssons Process + Em ssons Inj Transport + Emssons Injecton + Emssons Inj Flare + Emssons Inj Vent + Emssons Recrculaton Where: Emsson Reducton = Emssons Baselne Emssons Project Emssons Baselne = sum of the emssons under the baselne condton. Emssons Fuel Extracton / Processng = emssons under SS B13 Fuel Extracton and Processng Emssons Capture = emssons under SS B1b Source Type B Gas Capture Emssons Capture Flare = emssons under SS B2b Flarng at Emssons Capture Vent = emssons under SS B3b Ventng at Emssons Project = sum of the emssons under the project condton. Emssons Fuel Extracton / Processng = emssons under SS P20 Fuel Extracton and Processng Emssons Capture = emssons under SS P1b Source Type B Gas Capture Emssons Capture Flare = emssons under SS P2b Flarng at Emssons Capture Vent = emssons under SS P3b Ventng at Emssons PG Transport = emssons under SS P5b Source Type B Emssons Process = emssons under SS P7b Source Type B Gas Processng Emssons Inj Transport = emssons under SS P12 Injecton Gas Emssons Injecton = emssons under SS P14 Injecton System Operaton Emssons Inj Flare = emssons under SS P15 Flarng at Injecton Emssons Inj Vent = emssons under SS P16 Ventng at Injecton Emssons = emssons under SS P19 Recycled Injecton Gas Recrculaton Page 22

26 TABLE 2.4: Quantfcaton Procedures 1.0 Project/ 2. Parameter / 4. Measured / 3. Unt Baselne SS Varable 5. Method 6. Frequency Project SS s Emssons Capture = (Vol. Fuel * EF Fuel CO2) ; (Vol. Fuel * EF Fuel ) ; (Vol. Fuel Emssons Capture kg of CO 2 ; CH 4 ; N2O P1b Source Type B Gas Capture P2b Flarng at Volume of Each Type of Fuel Used/ Vol. Fuel CO 2 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel CO2 CH 4 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel CH4 N 2 0 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel N2O L / m 3 / kg CO 2 per L / m 3 / kg CH 4 per L / m 3 / kg N 2 O per L / m 3 / CH4 * EF Fuel N2O) 7. Justfy measurement or estmaton and frequency N/A N/A N/A Quantty beng calculated. Measured Drect meterng or reconclaton of volume n storage (ncludng volumes receved). Contnuous meterng or monthly reconclaton. Both methods are standard practce. Frequency of meterng s hghest level possble. Frequency of reconclaton provdes for reasonable dlgence. Emssons Capture Flare = (Vol. Type B Gas Flared * % CO 2 * ρ CO2) ; (Vol. Type B Gas Flared * % CH 4 * EF Source Type B Gas CO2) ; (Vol. Source Type B Gas Flared * % CH 4 * EF Source Type B Gas CH4 ) ; (Vol. Source Type B Gas Flared * % CH 4 * EF Source Type B Gas N2O ) ; (Vol. Fuel *EF Fuel CO2 ) ; (Vol. Fuel *EF Fuel CH4 ) ; (Vol. Fuel * EF Fuel N2O ) Emssons Capture Flare Volume of Source Type B Gas Flared / Vol. Type B Gas Flared kg of CO 2 ; CH 4 ; N2O m 3 N/A N/A N/A Quantty beng calculated. Measured Drect meterng of volume of Source Type B gas beng flared, converted to STP condtons. Contnuous meterng Drect meterng s standard practce. Frequency of meterng s hghest level possble. Page 23

27 CO 2 Composton n Source Type B Gas Stream (Volumetrc % Measured Drect measurement. Bass) / % CO 2 Daly samplng averaged Composton may vary throughout the njecton Source Type B. Quarterly gas composton measurement s reasonable for operaton of an njecton faclty. Constant value of 1.98 Densty of CO 2 / ρco2 kg/m 3 N/A Accepted value. kg/m³ at STP. Methane Composton n Source Type B Gas Stream (Volumetrc Bass) / % CH 4 CO 2 Emssons Factor for Source Type B Gas Flared / EF Source Type B Gas CO2 CH 4 Emssons Factor for Source Type B Gas Flared / EF Source Type B Gas CH4 N 2 0 Emssons Factor for Source Type B Gas Flared / EF Source Type B Gas N2O % Measured Drect measurement. Daly samplng averaged kg CO 2 per m 3 kg CH 4 per m 3 kg N 2 O per m 3 Composton may vary throughout the njecton Source Type B. Quarterly gas composton measurement s reasonable for operaton of an njecton faclty. Volume of Each Type of Fuel Used/ Vol. Fuel L / m 3 / Measured Drect meterng or reconclaton of volume n storage (ncludng volumes receved). Contnuous meterng or monthly reconclaton. Both methods are standard practce. Frequency of meterng s hghest level possble. Frequency of reconclaton provdes for reasonable dlgence. Page 24

28 P3b Ventng at CO 2 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel CO2 CH 4 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel CH4 N 2 0 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel N2O kg CO 2 per L / m 3 / kg CH 4 per L / m 3 / kg N 2 O per L / m 3 / Emssons Capture Vent = (Vol. Source Type B Gas Vented * % CO 2 * ρ CO2 ) ; (Vol. Source Type B Gas Vented * % CH 4 * ρ CH4 ) Emssons Capture Vent kg of CO 2 ; CH 4 N/A N/A N/A Quantty beng calculated. Volume of Source Type B Gas Vented / Vol. Source Type B Gas Vented m 3 Measured Drect meterng of volume of Source Type B gas beng vented, converted to STP condtons. CO 2 Composton n Source Type B Gas Stream (Volumetrc % Measured Drect measurement. Bass) / % CO 2 Contnuous meterng Daly samplng averaged Drect meterng s standard practce. Frequency of meterng s hghest level possble. Composton may vary throughout the njecton Source Type B. Quarterly gas composton measurement s reasonable for operaton of an njecton faclty. Densty of CO 2 / Constant value of 1.98 kg/m 3 N/A Accepted value. ρ CO2 kg/m³ at STP. Methane Composton n Source Type B Gas Stream (Volumetrc Bass) / % CH 4 % Measured Drect measurement. Daly samplng averaged Composton may vary throughout the njecton Source Type B. Quarterly gas composton measurement s reasonable for operaton of an njecton faclty. Page 25

29 Constant value of Densty of CH 4 / ρch4 kg/m 3 3 N/A Accepted value. kg/m at STP. P5b Source Type B Gas P7b Source Type B Gas Processng Emssons PG Transport Volume of Each Type of Fuel Used/ Vol. Fuel CO 2 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel CO2 CH 4 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel CH4 N 2 0 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel N2O Emssons PG Transport = (Vol. Fuel * EF Fuel CO2) ; (Vol. Fuel * EF Fuel CH4) ; (Vol. Fuel * EF Fuel N2O) kg of CO 2 ; CH 4 ; N2O N/A N/A N/A Quantty beng calculated. Both methods are standard Drect meterng or Contnuous practce. Frequency of reconclaton of volume meterng or meterng s hghest level L / m 3 / Measured n storage (ncludng monthly possble. Frequency of volumes receved). reconclaton. reconclaton provdes for reasonable dlgence. kg CO 2 per L / m 3 / kg CH 4 per L / m 3 / kg N 2 O per L / m 3 / Emssons Process = (Vol. Fuel * EF Fuel CO2 ) ; (Vol. Fuel * EF Fuel CH4 ) ; (Vol. Fuel * EF Fuel N2O ) Emssons Process kg of CO 2 ; CH 4 ; N 2 O Volume of Each Type of Fuel Used/ Vol. Fuel L / m 3 / N/A N/A N/A Quantty beng calculated. Measured Drect meterng or reconclaton of volume n storage (ncludng volumes receved). Contnuous meterng or monthly reconclaton. Both methods are standard practce. Frequency of meterng s hghest level possble. Frequency of reconclaton provdes for reasonable dlgence. Page 26

30 P12 Injecton Gas CO 2 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel CO2 CH 4 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel CH4 N 2 0 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel N2O kg CO 2 per L / m 3 / kg CH 4 per L / m 3 / kg N 2 O per L / m 3 / Emssons Inj Transport = (Vol. Fuel * EF Fuel CO2 ) ; (Vol. Fuel * EF Fuel CH4 ) ; (Vol. Fuel * EF Fuel N2O ) Emssons Inj Transport kg of CO 2 ; CH 4 ; N 2 O Volume of Each Type of Fuel Used/ Vol. Fuel CO 2 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel CO2 CH 4 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel CH4 L / m 3 / kg CO 2 per L / m 3 / kg CH 4 per L / m 3 / N/A N/A N/A Measured Drect meterng or reconclaton of volume n storage (ncludng volumes receved). Contnuous meterng or monthly reconclaton. Quantty beng calculated n aggregate form as fuel and electrcty use on ste s lkely aggregated for each of these SS s. Both methods are standard practce. Frequency of meterng s hghest level possble. Frequency of reconclaton provdes for reasonable dlgence. Page 27

31 P14 Injecton Unt Operaton P15 Flarng at Injecton N 2 0 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel N2O kg N 2 O per L / m 3 / Emssons Injecton = (Vol. Fuel * EF Fuel CO2) ; (Vol. Fuel * EF Fuel ) ; (Vol. Fuel Emssons Injecton kg of CO 2 ; CH 4 ; N 2 O Volume of Each Type of Fuel Used/ Vol. Fuel CO 2 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel CO2 CH 4 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel CH4 N 2 0 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel N2O L / m 3 / kg CO 2 per L / m 3 / kg CH 4 per L / m 3 / kg N 2 O per L / m 3 / N/A N/A N/A Measured Drect meterng or reconclaton of volume n storage (ncludng volumes receved). CH4 * EF Fuel N2O) Quantty beng calculated n aggregate form as fuel and electrcty use on ste s lkely aggregated for each of these SS s. Contnuous meterng or monthly reconclaton. Both methods are standard practce. Frequency of meterng s hghest level possble. Frequency of reconclaton provdes for reasonable dlgence. Emssons Inj Flare = (Vol. Injecton Gas Flared * % CO 2 * ρ CO2) ; (Vol. Injecton Gas Flared * % CH 4 * EF Injecton Gas CO2) ; (Vol. Injecton Gas Flared * % CH 4 * EF Injecton Gas CH4 ) ; (Vol. Injecton Gas Flared * % CH 4 * EF Injecton Gas N2O ) ; (Vol. Fuel *EF Fuel CO2 ) ; (Vol. Fuel *EF Fuel CH4 ) ; (Vol. Fuel * EF Fuel N2O ) Emssons Inj Flare kg of CO 2 ; CH 4 ; N2O N/A N/A N/A Quantty beng calculated. Page 28

32 Volume of Injecton Gas Flared / Vol. Injecton Gas Flared m 3 Measured Drect meterng of volume of njecton gas beng flared, converted to STP condtons. CO 2 Composton n Injecton Gas Stream (Volumetrc Bass) / % Measured Drect measurement. % CO 2 Contnuous meterng Daly samplng averaged volumetrc bass Drect meterng s standard practce. Frequency of meterng s hghest level possble. Composton may vary throughout the njecton process. Quarterly gas composton measurement s reasonable for operaton of an njecton faclty. Constant value of 1.98 Densty of CO 2 / ρco2 kg/m 3 N/A Accepted value. kg/m³ at STP. Methane Composton n Injecton Gas Stream (Volumetrc Bass) / % CH 4 CO 2 Emssons Factor for Injecton Gas Flared / EF Injecton Gas CO2 CH 4 Emssons Factor for Injecton Gas Flared / EF Injecton Gas CH4 N 2 0 Emssons Factor for Injecton Gas Flared / EF Injecton Gas N2O Volume of Each Type of Fuel Used/ Vol. Fuel % Measured Drect measurement. Daly samplng averaged volumetrc bass kg CO 2 per m 3 kg CH 4 per m 3 kg N 2 O per m 3 L / m 3 / Measured Drect meterng or reconclaton of volume n storage (ncludng volumes receved). Contnuous meterng or monthly reconclaton. Composton may vary throughout the njecton process. Quarterly gas composton measurement s reasonable for operaton of an njecton faclty. Both methods are standard practce. Frequency of meterng s hghest level possble. Frequency of reconclaton provdes for reasonable dlgence. Page 29

33 P16 Ventng at Injecton CO 2 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel CO2 CH 4 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel CH4 N 2 0 Emssons Factor for Each Type of Fuel / EF Fuel N2O kg CO 2 per L / 3 m / kg CH 4 per L / 3 m / kg N 2 O per L / 3 m / Emssons Inj Vent = (Vol. Injecton Gas Vented * % CO 2 * ρ CO2) ; (Vol. Injecton Gas Vented * % CH 4 * ρ CH4) Emssons Inj Vent kg of CO2 ; CH 4 N/A N/A N/A Quantty beng calculated. Volume of Injecton Gas Vented / Vol. Injecton Gas Vented m 3 Measured Drect meterng of volume of njecton gas beng vented, converted to STP condtons. CO 2 Composton n Injecton Gas Stream (Volumetrc Bass) / % Measured Drect measurement. % CO 2 Densty of CO 2 / ρ CO2 kg/m 3 Methane Composton n Injecton Gas Stream (Volumetrc Bass) / % CH 4 Constant value of 1.98 kg/m³ at STP. % Measured Drect measurement. Contnuous meterng Daly samplng averaged N/A Daly samplng averaged Drect meterng s standard practce. Frequency of meterng s hghest level possble. Composton may vary throughout the njecton process. Quarterly gas composton measurement s reasonable for operaton of an njecton faclty. Accepted value. Composton may vary throughout the njecton process. Quarterly gas composton measurement s reasonable for operaton of an njecton faclty. Constant value of Densty of CH 4 / ρch4 kg/m 3 3 N/A Accepted value. kg/m at STP. Page 30

34 P19 Recycled Injecton Gas P21 Fuel Extracton and Processng Emssons Emssons Recrculaton = (Vol. Injected Gas Recycled * % CO 2 * ρ CO) Recrculaton kg of CO2 ; CH 4 N/A N/A N/A Quantty beng calculated. Volume of Injected Gas Produced at Adjacent Locatons / Vol. Injected Gas Recycled m 3 Measured Drect meterng of volume of njected gas produced at adjacent locatons over the reportng perod, converted to STP condtons. Volume should nclude only the gas that s not re-njected. CO 2 Composton n Injecton Gas / % % Measured Drect measurement. CO 2 Contnuous meterng Daly samplng averaged volumetrc bass Drect meterng s standard practce. Frequency of meterng s hghest level possble. Composton may vary throughout the njecton process. Quarterly gas composton measurement s reasonable for operaton of an njecton faclty. Constant value of 1.98 Densty of CO 2 / ρco2 kg/m 3 N/A Accepted value. kg/m³ at STP. Emssons Fuel Extracton / Processng = (Vol. Fuel * EF Fuel CO2 ) ; (Vol. Fuel * EF Fuel CH4 ) ; (Vol. Fuel I * EF Fuel N2O ) Emssons Fuel Extracton / Processng Volume of Fossl Fuel Combusted for P1, P2, P5, P7, P8, P12, P14 and P15 / Vol. Fuel CO 2 Emssons Factor for Fuel Includng Producton and Processng / EF Fuel CO2 CH 4 Emssons Factor for Fuel Includng Producton and Processng / EF Fuel CH4 kg of CO2e N/A N/A N/A L/ m 3 / Other Measured kg CO 2 per L / 3 m / kg CH 4 per L / 3 m / Drect meterng or reconclaton of volume n storage (ncludng volumes receved). Contnuous meterng or monthly reconclaton. Quantty beng calculated n aggregate form as fuel and electrcty use on ste s lkely aggregated for each of these SS s. Both methods are standard practce. Frequency of meterng s hghest level possble. Frequency of reconclaton provdes for reasonable dlgence. Page 31