read ALL of Chap. 21 Symbols to know: CO2 = carbon dioxide O2 = oxygen CH4 = methane (natural gas) Glucose = sugar

Transcription

1 read ALL of Chap. 21 Symbols to know: CO2 = carbon dioxide O2 = oxygen CH4 = methane (natural gas) Glucose = sugar Koppen Climate Zones / Factors Carbon Cycle / Ocean Acidification Greenhouse Effect / Greenhouse Gases Albedo / Sea Ice & Land Ice (glaciers) Climate Change / Global Warming Effects & Evidence of Global Warming Paleoclimate / Ice Core Samples

2 Biotic Abiotic

3 Koeppen Climate

4 Koeppen Climate

5 Biomes

6 Biomes

7 Climate In which biome would you most likely find each animal and plant why?

8 Tree Pollens Pine, Spruce, and Oak Paleoclimate proxies are physical, chemical and biological materials preserved within the geologic record that can be analyzed and correlated with climate or environmental parameters in the modern world. Seeds and spores tells us about past vegetation and climates.

9 Check this out! Sediment Core

10 CARBON CYCLE The series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment, chiefly involving the incorporation of carbon dioxide into living tissue by photosynthesis and its return to the atmosphere through respiration, the decay of dead organisms, and the burning of fossil fuels. Atoms Element Carbon diamond (C) graphite (C) Molecules Carbon Compounds ashes carbon dioxide (CO2) calcium carbonate (CaCO3) sugar / glucose (C6H12O6) organic compounds (fats, protein, etc) hydrocarbons (long chains of carbon & hydrogen) fossil fuels (gas, oil, coal) are hydrocarbons

11 CARBON CYCLE

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13 CARBON CYCLE (review) Term Definition relation to the Carbon Cycle 1 Energy 2 Atmosphere 3 Photosynthesis 4 Respiration 5 Decomposers 6 Decay (Rotting) 7 Fossil Fuels 8 Deforestation 9 Combustion 10 Forest Fires

14 NASA Carbon Cycle

15 Ocean Acidification Yes, it dissolves coral reefs! Over Time

16 Greenhouse Effect You already know what it is: Sun s energy passes through the windshield. Don t write this, THINK about it! Energy (heat) is trapped inside the car & cannot pass back through the windshield, causing the warm up. Should I leave my dog or baby in the car?

17 the Greenhouse Effect The natural warming of Earth s surface & lower atmosphere due to trapped heat energy. What are the other gases that cause the greenhouse effect?

18 Greenhouse Gases: CO2 = carbon dioxide CH4 = methane N20 = Nitrous oxide

19 Burning of Fossil Fuels Pollution from coal, natural gas, and oil

20 Why is Venus the hottest planet in the solar system even though Mercury is a lot closer to the Sun? Hint: Venus has a very thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide (CO2) Answer: the extra CO2THINK causes the greenhouse ABOUT effect IT to be stronger by trapping more heat Venus has an average surface temperature hot enough to melt lead!

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22 ALBEDO ability of a surface to reflect light & heat energy back into the atmosphere & space Low Medium High anything darker / black rooftops, blacktops, darker soils anything middle spectrum / green or brown plants, trees anything lighter color / white ice, snow, glaciers, clouds

23 ALBEDO Diagram the albedo of a landscape and be sure to include: - land - water - ice - vegetation - cities - clouds

24 Urban Heat Island Urban area that has a consistently higher temperature than the surrounding rural areas due to the trapping of heat by buildings, concrete, & asphalt.

25 Ways to reduce it: Tree cover / canopy Green rooftops / rooftop gardens Permeable paving materials

26 Permeable pavers reduce the Urban Heat Island effect.

27 Warm Up: a. How does the greenhouse effect work? b. What s up with the greenhouse effect...causes? c. How does carbon dioxide emission affect global warming?

28 GLOBAL WARMING is the increase of the Earth s average surface temperature due to a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in conjunction with the degradation of the ozone layer and urban heat islands. CLIMATE CHANGE is a broader term that refers to long-term changes in climate, including average temperature and precipitation.

29 Clarifications: Compare Global Changes: Acid Precipitation Ozone Depletion Green House Effect caused by caused by caused by Nitrogen & Sulfur Oxides C.F.C. s (chlorofluorocarbons) CO 2, H 2 O, & Methane Which two global changes above are related to global warming?

30 Effects of Climate Change Rising Sea Level Increased Temperature Habitat Damage and Species Affected Changes in Water Supply

31 What s the proof that global warming is taking place?

32 Melting of the Portage Glacier in Alaska

33 Drying up of the Colorado River June 2002 Dec 2003

34 Desertification

35 Rising sea levels affect low lying areas

36 Animals and Plants affected by Climate Change Kangaroos do several things to regulate their body temperature on a hot day. Watch the video to figure out what they are. Would they be able to use these same methods is climate change continues?

37 Global Warming: Shifting Gears

38 What s being done now to reduce our emissions? Wind Power Solar Power Fuel-Efficiency

39 What can you do to help solve the problem?

40 Simple Things To Do Turn off your computer or the TV when you re not using it. Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy. Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or curtains. Turn off the lights when you leave a room. Use compact fluorescent bulbs.

41 Be Bulb Smart Use CFLs Incandescent What s the difference? Compact Fluorescent Light 500 lbs. of coal 1,430 lbs. CO 2 pollution avoided $30 saved

42 Be Bulb Smart Use CFLs Incandescent What s the difference? Compact Fluorescent Light 500 lbs. of coal CFLs use one-fifth to one-third the electric power, and last eight to fifteen times longer. CFLs contain toxic mercury, which complicates their disposal.

43 Simple Things To Do Dress lightly when it s hot instead of turning up the air conditioning. Or use a fan. Dress warmly when it s cold instead of turning up the heat. Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on your AC and furnace clean. Walk short distances instead of asking for a ride in the car. Plant a tree. Recycle.

44 Global Warming Brochure 3 flaps Cover page with title and colors Explanation of how it works with detailed diagram showing all causes Causes with formulas and pictures of sources Ways to alleviate the process with pictures and explanations