Real-time Control: The Next Generation of Smart Green Infrastructure

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1 Real-time Control: The Next Generation of Smart Green Infrastructure Andrea Braga, P.E., CPESC, Senior Engineer, Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. 12 March 2014

2 Outline Real-Time Controls and Monitoring Smart GI Applications Performance Results

3 Highly Distributed Real-Time Monitoring and Control (DTRC) OptiRTC featured in HOW THE INTERNET OF THINGS IS TURNING CITIES INTO LIVING ORGANISMS Ecosystems of smart environmental infrastructure Platforms that interact and scale Disparate data sources can be combined for visualization, analysis, and system control Access field and web-based data Interface with other systems Complex algorithms Specified data can be made available to the public Data access and user experience is user/group specific

4 DRTC Platform Overview Internet Based Weather Forecast or other internet data sources (Web service API) Azure Tables/Blobs User Interface Web Services and User Dashboards Data Logging and Telemetry Solutions OptiRTC Data Aggregator and Decision Space Field Monitoring and Control (Sensors, Gauges, and Actuators) Rapid Deployment Field Kits With Wireless Sensors Alerts Tweet SMS Voice Autodial

5 Adaptive Surface Water Management Using DRTC Advanced rainwater harvesting Predictive retention and detention systems using precipitation forecasts Controlled under drain bioretention Active porous pavement systems Active blue and green roofs

6 Advanced Rainwater Harvesting System Concept Goal: Storage for both effective wet weather control and on-site use

7 Case Study: Advanced Rainwater Harvesting System North Carolina System Description Cistern installed to store runoff and make available onsite Web-based precipitation forecasts are used to automatically control releases to combined sewers or downstream BMPs (e.g., infiltration/bioretention)

8 NC State Pilot System Behavior Week of 9/20/2011 Forecast Datastream 70% Threshold

9 NC State Pilot System Behavior Week of 9/20/2011 QPF and POP Forecast Datastream (Threshold of 70%)

10 NC State Pilot Dashboard (1-min refresh) System Behavior Week of 4/5/ :52 AM

11 NC State Pilot Dashboard (1-min refresh) System Behavior Week of 4/6/ :14 AM

12 NC State Pilot Dashboard (1-min refresh) System Behavior Week of 4/6/ :14 AM

13 NC State Pilot Dashboard (1-min refresh) System Behavior Week of 4/6/2012 8:38 AM

14 NC State Pilot Dashboard (1-min refresh) System Behavior Week of 4/6/2012 3:34 PM

15 7/11/13 12:00 pm 7/12/13 12:00 pm 7/13/13 12:00 pm 7/14/13 12:00 pm

16 88,630 L Released 36,560 L Used by Tryon Palace 86% Volume Reduction 93% Peak Flow Reduction

17 How Much of a Difference Did it Make? Observed (With DRTC) Modeled (Without DRTC) Overall Wet Weather Volume Reduction 86% 21% Mean Peak Flow Reduction 93% 11% Overflow Frequency 18% 58% Dry Rain Tank Frequency 0% 0% *DeBusk, 2013

18 NC State Site - Hurricane Sandy

19 NC State Site - Hurricane Sandy

20 Technology Application: Advanced Rainwater Harvesting Systems Other Installations

21 Twin Oaks Library: Remote Reality Interface

22 Controlled Release to Bioretention

23 Twin Oaks Library: User Experience

24 Pilot Site: Washington, DC Engine House #3

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30 Engine House #25: Design

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32 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District: Advanced Rainwater Harvesting System Installation at Denver Green School

33 UDFCD System Overview Cistern Electrical Enclosure Manual Override Valve Strainer Valve Enclosure Disconnect Union

34 EPA Headquarters Building Cisterns Retrofit Washington, DC In Progress

35 Technology Application: Smart Detention/Retention/Flood Control Retrofits

36 Case Study: TX, Pond/Flood Control Retrofit Outlet Control Structure Retrofit for Water Quality Enhancement Balance Flood Control and Water Quality Dray Pond Retrofit

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38 Technology Application: Modeled Wetland Pond/water Feature Retrofits North Carolina Design ( collaboration with Bill Hunt) Depth Time Series and Average Hydraulic Residence Time for Passive Outlet Average Hydraulic Residence Time 13 days Depth Time Series and Average Hydraulic Residence Time for Actively Controlled Outlet Average Hydraulic Residence Time 24 days

39 Brooklyn Botanical Garden Pond Control for CSO Mitigation

40 Technology Application: Controlled Underdrain Bioretention

41 Case Study: Controlled Bioretention Underdrain Bioretention site rendering Maximize Infiltration, minimize bypass, and achieve water quality targets

42 Technology Application: Active Porous Pavement

43 Actively Controlled Porous Pavement City of Omaha, NE

44 Control plate height is variable and serves as overflow when closed Control Box Pressure Transducer Actuator Slide Gate Trash Screen 44 Control Plate with Actuated Slide Gate (Open)

45 Technology Application: Active Green Roofs and Blue Roofs

46 Case Study: Active Green Roof, Pennsylvania Active Irrigation Valve Green Roof Project Site

47 Dashboard SAP Green Roof 7/16/13 2:43 pm

48 Dashboard SAP Green Roof 7/11/13

49 Blue Roofs: Modular Tray Systems System Characteristics: Flexibility Size of system Placement configuration Ease of installation Coarse stone ballast Retrofit designs Use existing drains Specialized outlet designs Detention time and Flow rate Minimize clogging A A Orifice Outlet Controls Coarse Stone Ballast (expanded shale) Corrugated Plastic with Geotextile Covering

50 Blue/Green Roofs

51 Demonstration: Retrofit Hydraulic Structure Designs System Characteristics: Similar to previous design Ease of installation V-notch weir outlets Grated weir covers Additional intermediate weirs Multiple points on flow paths Regulate surface flow Provide upstream storage Directly on roof surface Adjust release rate/storage volume Retrofit Hydraulic Structure Design with Intermediate Controls

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56 Closing Thoughts Policy and Practice There are an incredible number of high return-oninvestment (and low cost) retrofits to be done with existing infrastructure. Merging of information technology and infrastructure will increasingly be important if not critical. Low cost, reliable, and highly functional sensors and sensor platforms will change everything we know about how we currently regulate, enforce, and understand environmental systems.