Activities of Water Environment Management by Yangon Regional ECD. Daw Khin Thida Tin Director Environmental Conservation Department Yangon Region

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1 Activities of Water Environment Management by Yangon Regional ECD Daw Khin Thida Tin Director Environmental Conservation Department Yangon Region

2 Outlines Background Environmental Policy and Legislation for Water Environment Management Activities of Water Environment Management by Yangon Regional ECD Control Measures for Water Pollution Conclusion

3 Background Myanmar has been facing considerable challenges in water pollution due to urbanization, population growth, special economic zone development, increasing domestic and foreign investments in the industrial and development sectors. Proper Management for Water Pollution is one of the main concerns for the development and also environmental management. In the Hlaing River of Yangon, the problem of various water discharged manner from industrial zones is one of the most important problems to protect water quality and water environment. The different water discharged manners from industrial zones could be able to cause the changes of water quality and water environment in Hlaing River. It is being crucial to investigate the effects of different water discharged manner in the Hlaing River. The water quality survey the Hlaing River basin was conducted as one of activities of Water Environment Management and EIA System.

4 Sustainable Development: Social, Economic and Environment Economic Social Sustainable Development Environment

5 Pollution means.. Pollution means any direct or indirect alteration, effect of the physical, thermal, chemical or biological properties of any part of the environment including land, water and atmosphere by discharging, emitting or depositing environmental hazardous substances, pollutants or wastes so as to affect beneficial use of environment, or to affect public health, safety or welfare, or animals and plants or to contravene any condition, limitation or prohibition contained in the prior permission issued under Environmental Conservation Law. (Ref: Article - 2 Environmental Conservation Law, 2012)

6 What is mentioned for Environmental Conservation in 2008 Constitution Law..? Duties of State and the People for Environmental Conservation Sec. 45 The Union shall protect and conserve natural environment Sec. 390 (b) Every citizen has the duty to assists the Union carrying out the environmental conservation

7 Environmental Policy and Legislation for Water Environment Management National Environmental Policy Water Management and Myanmar Agenda 21, 1997 Water Management and National Sustainable Development Strategy 2009 Regulations related Environmental Conservation Environmental Conservation Law (2012) Environmental Conservation Rules (2014) Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure (2015) National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines (2015)

8 National Environmental Policy The policy was proclaimed through the Gazette in accordance with Notification No. 26/ 94 dated 5 December 1994, of the Government of the Union of Myanmar. The objective of Myanmar's environment policy is aimed at achieving harmony and balance between these through the integration of environmental considerations into the development process to enhance the quality of life of all its citizens. Environmental protection should always be the primary objective in seeking development.

9 Water Management and Myanmar Agenda 21, 1997 Myanmar Agenda 21(1997), CHAPTER 10 Environmental Quality Management and Enhancement Strengthen the comprehensive water quality management programme

10 Water Management and Myanmar Agenda 21, 1997 (Contd;) Objectives Develop an appropriate infrastructure support system including the establishment of a Water Authority responsible for water quality management and human resources development. Identifying the most polluting sources and encourage and assist them in adopting cleaner technological processes. Promote self regulation by polluters through the application of polluter pays principle and economic instruments.

11 Water Management and Myanmar Agenda 21, 1997 (Contd;) Objectives (Contd.) Enact a clean water law to address pollution prevention and control activities. Promote institutional and management mechanisms for water quality management Develop water quality criteria / guidelines Develop waste treatment facilities

12 Water Management and National Sustainable Development Strategy 2009 Environmental Quality Management and Enhancement Objective: To promote proper water quality Enact the drafted Myanmar Environmental Protection Law. Apply polluter pays principle. Fix a rate to pay as pricing of water encourages greater efficiency.

13 Water Management and National Sustainable Development Strategy 2009 (Contd;) Strengthen sewage system management and sewage treatment for domestic wastes, especially in big cities. Introduce water treatment and recycling system, using available technologies, for urban water supply especially in big cities. Promote water quality management. Enforce the 2006 Conservation of Water Resources and Rivers Law.

14 Water Management and National Sustainable Development Strategy 2009 (Contd;) Cooperate in carrying out River Water Qualities for ASEAN countries. Activities to be completed within 10 years including on going ones; Enact a clean water law. The government together with academics, and relevant scientific organizations, need to formulate a strategy and action plan to address the water related issues.

15 Environmental Conservation Law (2012) related to Water Management Article 7. Duties and Powers relating to the Environmental Conservation of the Ministry (c) laying down, carrying out and monitoring programmes for conservation and enhancement of the environment, and for conservation, control and abatement not to cause environmental pollution; (d) prescribing environmental quality standards including standards on emissions, effluents, solid wastes, production procedures, processes and products for conservation and enhancement of environmental quality;

16 Environmental Conservation Law (2012) related to Water Management Article 10. Stipulate the following environmental quality standards: (a) suitable surface water quality standards for the usage in rivers, streams, canals, springs, marshes, swamps, lakes, reservoirs and other inland water sources of the public; (b) water quality standards for coastal and estuarine areas; (c) underground water quality standards; (d) atmospheric quality standards; (e) noise and vibration standards; (f) emission standards; (g) effluent standards; (h) solid waste standards; (i) other environmental quality standards stipulated by the Union Government.

17 Environmental Conservation Law (2012) related to Water Management Article 14. A person causing a point source of pollution shall treat, emit, discharge and deposit the substances which cause pollution in the environment in accord with stipulated environmental quality standards. Article 15. The owner or occupier of any business, material or place which causes a point source of pollution shall install or use an on-site facility or controlling equipment in order to monitor, control, manage, reduce or eliminate environmental pollution. If it is impracticable, it shall be arranged to dispose the wastes in accord with environmentally sound methods.

18 Environmental Conservation Law (2012) related to Water Management Article 16. Industrial estate & SEZ: Responsible to contribute payment and to follow directives for environmental conservation. Article 17. The Ministry shall, for the management of urban environment, advise as may be necessary to the relevant Government departments and Government organizations, private organizations and individuals in carrying out the following matters in accord with the guidance laid down by the Committee: (e) pollution control including land, water, air and noise pollution; (f) other necessary environmental management.

19 Environmental Conservation Law (2012) related to Water Management Conservation of Natural Resources and Cultural Heritages Article18. The relevant Government departments and Government organizations shall, in accord with the guidance of the Union Government and the Committee, carry out the conservation, management, beneficial use, sustainable use and enhancement of regional cooperation of the following environmental natural resources: (c) fresh water resources including underground water;

20 International Cooperation for Water Environment Management in Yangon The Project for Capacity Development in Basic Water Environment Management and EIA System in Myanmar Cooperation with JICA Water Quality Monitoring Program in Myanmar Cooperation with University of Seoul

21 The Project for Capacity Development in Basic Water Environment Management and EIA System in Myanmar Cooperation with JICA Technical Cooperation with Social-Environmental Associated Myanmar Cooperation with Yangon City Development Committee Project Duration 3 years ( ) Water quality were collected fives times along Hlaing river, Pan Hlaing rivers and Kkowa river and Pollution sources surveys were collected near Industrial zones The project had been implemented with six outputs. Among the six outputs, four outputs are implemented for water environmental management. The four outputs are the following; Output (1): Inspection Output (2): Water Quality Survey Output (3): Database Output (4): Information Interpretation

22 Project Area in Yangon

23 Water Quality Surveys along Hlaing River, Pan Hlaing River and Kkkowa river

24 Survey Parameters which were measured by JICA All Points (On-site Measurement) Water depth, ph, EC, Salinity, turbidity, water temperature, ORP, DO Basic points TSS, BOD, COD, cyanide, oil and grease, phenols, total phosphorus, total nitrogen Representative points Arsenic, copper, total mercury, cadmium, lead, total coliform Only one or two points Pesticides

25 Water Quality Survey in Myanmar Cooperation with University of Seoul Project area in Yangon

26 Cooperation with University of Seoul for Water Quality Survey in Hlaing River, Bago River and Yangon River Standard Parameters Suspended Solid, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Organic Carbon, Dissolved Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorous Heavy Metals Aluminum, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Boron, Zinc, Chromium, Copper, Molybdenum, Mercury

27 Analysis Results of Hlaing River, Yangon River and Bago River On-site measurement results Laboratory Results Sampling site Suspended Solid (SS) & COD Total organic carbon (TOC) & Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

28 Total Nitrogen (TN) & Total Phosphorus (TP) Aluminum (Al), Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg)

29 Manganese (Mg), Boron (B), Zinc (Zn) Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Molybdenum (Mo)

30 Mercury (Hg)

31 Water Quality Survey along Hlaing River

32 Control Measures for Water Pollution Regulations & EQS Coordination Control Measures for Water Pollution Capacity Building Monitoring

33 Control Measures for Water Pollution Persuasion Changing pollution behavior, Education Regulations Formulation the regulations for reducing the pollution Incentives Reward behavior that reduce pollution (e.g tax incentives)

34 Conclusion Water management will be the big issue causing pollution and health problems due to limited facilities, lack of technologies, increasing population and industries. Preventive measures will be needed to implement for our citizen s health and the environment against the adverse effects. Myanmar has to take into account the international best practices and experiences to formulate the regulations for water management.