ember 6 Septe in the Middle East we can do them. ence :: Confere FIDIC

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1 Carbon Critical Developments in the Middle East we can do them. Richard Smith FIDIC 2009 London Confere ence :: Septe ember

2 sustainability the last two decadesd Bruntland BEA AMs world of consultancy Energy Conservation Era EESs, ECMs, EED Sustainable Development Management Era Carbon Critical Design Era SAMs, SVSs, SSs, SAPs, SOAs SEAs, SIIFs

3 What is a Carbon Critical Design? Quality of Life lower impact on Climate Change Vl Value Renew Recover Efficiency Passive Operational Carbon minimises GHG emissions RECOVERY LOCAL DURABLE MINIMAL Embodied Carbon

4 Middle Eastern Building Sights

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6 Changes to the UAE Skyline

7 Brut Force!

8 Brut Force!

9 R i l V i ti Regional Variations Wind Towers (Barjils) & Wind Catchers (Malqafs)

10 Reliable Sea Breeze The Inspiration Engine for Trade

11 Arabian Wind Towers inspired the funneling effect between the towers Plan Traditional understanding to a Modern interpretation

12 Bahrain World Trade Center The World s First Large Scale Integration of Wind Turbines in a Building

13 Bahrain s constant onshore breeze Onshore Breeze Bahrain Wind Rose 70% of Bahrain s annual wind energy is from north west Constant onshore sea breeze Day time microclimate due to rising hot air over the Saudi desert

14 The Towers Aerodynamics Wind tunnel and CFD modeling 30 Perpendicular 60 off off perpendicular to the l turbines The sail-shape profiles funnel the onshore breeze between them, creating more than 30% wind speed than the prevailing wind S shaped streamline Original sketches The S shaped wind stream increases the turbines potential to generate power over a wider range of wind directions and therefore increases the energy generated.

15 Micro Wind Climate between the buildings: Onshore wind velo ocity 160m 110m 60m Wind increasing in velocity with height, together with reduced funning effect of the tapered towers, creates a near equal wind speed on each turbine Reduced R&D effort, Turbines rotate at same speed Turbines produce roughly the same energy In Plan and Elevation the shape ofthe building is almost carved by the wind to optimise the energy yield on the turbines.

16 Turbines and their energy provided: Size : 29 m diameter,11 tons, 400V, 225kW each Manufactured by Norwin in Denmark, blades in Bangalore Operational wind speeds = 4-25 m/s (20m/s) Max rotational speed = every 1.5 sec (38 rpm) Speed & power is regulated by blade stall and centrifugal tips Turbines will generate a estimate of around 11% to 15% of the towers requirements 225kW Energy Approx Annual Energy Generated ~ 1300 to 1800 MWh/y CO CO2e CO2e Equivalent Carbon Emission 1,125 to 1,550 tonnes of p.a.

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19 Office Tower Middle East 180,000m2 400m tall 4,000 population 2,000 space car-park 58% energy saving 50% water saving

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21 ? % less 50% less 65% less emissions emissions emissions

22 .but what is possible at community level?

23 Energy Cost C Regulation Plant Efficiency Carbon Incentives TSE Availability Mandatory Renewables Building Energy Consumption Building Maximum Demand Development e e Density Energy Poverty C energy density $/kwe x2 $/TR (x ) $/m2 (x.8-1.5) Energy Choice / Tariff Existing Buildings Co-generation Opportunity Community Integration Innovation / flexibility opportunity

24 C Efficient Process C Integrated Multi-Cycle Solutions Grid Networks Renewables Trading Innovations energy density $/kwe x2 $/TR (x ) $/m2 (x.8-1.5) Innovation / flexibility opportunity

25 2020 Carbon Critical Development electricity it DC CaP waste ncsp WtE sludge sewage STP pro oduct rec cycled HT Wast te Heat EvcC HTTC LTTC LDS regen MTHW ChW waste heat LDS Con nsume ers

26 Annual Available Renewable Energy Solar 2020 Carbon Cii Critical ldevelopment

27 2020 Carbon Critical Development Community Building Offsite In Plot Integrated Integrated Near Site

28 Thank You Richard Smith FIDIC 2009 London Confere ence :: Septe ember

29 Thank You Richard Smith