Major Customer Council

Transcription

1 Major Customer Council Bruce Beihoff Technical Director of Industry Relations Wisconsin Energy Institute Mark H. Anderson Research Professor of Engineering Physics University of Wisconsin - Madison responsiblenergy responsibleducation responsiblenvironment responsibleconomy responsiblengagement

2 Wisconsin Energy Institute (WEI) Welcomes MGE Major Customer Council Bruce Beihoff, Technical Director, WEI Professor Mark Anderson, COE/WEI Professor Michael Corradini, Director, WEI Professor Thomas Jahns, COE/WEI June 9,

3 WEI Update WEI Overview Electrical Power Systems Bruce Beihoff Thermal-Mechanical Power Systems Mark Anderson Tour of WEI Facility Bruce Beihoff, et al. 5

4 Forward in Energy The WEI provides an objective forum to exchange ideas on energy issues and to synthesize and share knowledge regarding the challenges and needs in energy resources, technology, and impacts. Specifically: Foster collaborative energy projects across sectors and disciplines Prepare energy leaders of today and tomorrow Enhance public understanding of energy issues 6

5 Our Energy Opportunity WEI efforts focus on making breakthroughs in key areas of the energy sector: Feedstocks, liquid fuels, and transportation systems Energy storage (thermal and electrical) and utilization Carbon-neutral electricity sources Policy, economics, and societal impact of energy challenges 7

6 Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center IMPROVED BIO INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 8

7 Paper and Pulping and Paper-Processing Industries Zip lignin and bio-based GVL technologies that reduce the cost of deconstructing biomass for conversion into fuels and chemicals, create new product opportunities, and potentially transform the economics of the $5.23B pulp and paper and converted paper product manufacturing industries Production of valuable, bio-based aromatic chemicals from lignin, a low-value component that is 30 percent of the biomass processed by the paper and pulping industry, which also could be a competitive advantage for Wisconsin s $2.6B plastics products manufacturing industry 9

8 Far-Reaching Education Efforts University educational programs Resources for educators Foster relationships with key policy stakeholder and and advocacy groups Educational materials 10

9 Sharing Expertise to Engage Public education events Campus collaboration Energy-related meetings and events 11

10 Transferring Advances to Private Sector 12 Evaluate inventions Derisking and economics Patent and commercialize Sponsored research to match technology to platform Engaging Industry as an External Partner 12

11 WEI FRAMEWORK MSREC 13

12 WBI/WEI/GLBRC Impact on Wisconsin 14

13 WEI Building Home of Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC) and Carbon-Neutral and Clean Energy Systems Research 107,000 gross square feet $57M paid by State LEED Gold 15

14 WEI: Integrated Energy Systems 16

15 ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS 17

16 Power Systems Power Systems Engineering Research Center Eight Internationally Recognized Faculty 65 Current Graduate Students 450 M.S. and Ph.D 90 Corporate Sponsors Wisconsin Electric Machines and Power Electronic Consortium 130 Sponsored Projects 4 Labs Power Systems Dynamics Electric Machines Power Electronics 18

17 Utility Power Networks and Techno-Economics 19

18 Microgrids and Advanced Distribution Networks Enables greater efficiency and resiliency Helps address $100B in business losses due to power disruptions Deployed at hospitals, military bases, factories, and more Offers new products and supply chains for Wisconsin s electrical equipment manufacturers 20

19 Evolution of Grid Models Conventional Grid Future Grid Power Plant (~1000 MW) Power Plant (~1000 MW) Transmission Line (~100 mi) Distribution Line (~10 mi) Distribution Substation Transmission Line (~100 mi) Smart Switch Seamless Separation Smart re-synchronization Power Routing & Protection Distribution Transformer Microgrid Functional Combination Distributed Sources & Loads Smart Controls Distributed Resources, Microgrids Will Play Important Role in Future Utility Grid 21

20 WEI Power Systems Lab "Small-Scale Models of a Larger Grid" 22

21 WEI Microgrid Test Bed WEI Madison MicroGrid WEI Building Each source and load has rating of 50 to 100 kw Power supplies and dynos controlled to emulate DE sources 23

22 Microgrids and CHP Electricity Fuel Thermal Electric Storage Combined Heat & Power Thermal thermal Storage storage Integration of Combined Heating and Power (CHP) enables 70% to 85% efficiency for some systems White House Executive Order issued in August 2012 calls for 40 GW of new CHP in the industrial sector by 2020 Opportunities to integrate microgrid, CHP, and NG biofuels 24

23 Beyond Microgrids, Dynamic Distribution System Best of Centralized Grid Best of Personal Power Plants Dynamic New Distribution concept System offers (DDS) path to provides take the promising best of approach 2 extremes for reducing volatility in transmission system

24 Microgrids Next Step... 26

25 Major Microgrid Demo, Santa Rita, California DOE award supported successful test of CERTS microgrid concept at multi-mw level 27

26 Distributed Energy Capabilities/Services Electricity Reliability (in "9"s) (3 ms/yr) (30 ms/yr) (0.3 sec/yr) (3 sec/yr) (30 sec/yr) (5 min/yr) (1 hr/yr) (9 hr/yr) (3-4 day/yr) (1 mo/yr) Greater need for sophisticated energy services Interconnected Central Station Generation Local reliability Higher efficiency Renewables Smarter components Stand-alone Steam Generation Robust G&T DER-based Distribution System Smart Distribution Microgrids Year *EPRI IEEE PES May2012&Wisconsin Energy Summit Oct

27 ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS 29

28 Johnson Controls Energy Storage System Test Lab 3 thermal chambers up to 32 ft 3 33 test circuits (18V and 100V), including 1000A discharge 12 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy circuit channels Sponsored projects connected to cutting edge industry goals May 5,

29 Battery Systems Spanning all Applications 31

30 Integrated Battery Management Future battery packs will benefit from battery management systems including equalization that is integrated inside batteries New very high-frequency power converters shrink size of power electronics A pathway to "smart" batteries with improved cost, reliability, and ruggedness. < $200/KW at > 20k cycles 32

31 THERMAL MECHANICAL POWER SYSTEMS Research Professor Mark Anderson 33

32 High-Temperature Energy Generation and Waste Heat Recovery 34 Study advanced energy sources to increase efficiency and power output Use or store energy to make use in different applications Study and develop new power conversion cycles Reduce waste heat and make use of any possible waste heat that we cannot reduce 34

33 U.S. Energy Use ("Sankey Diagram") 1 Quad = gigawatt-years (GWy) 1 Quad=970,434,000,000 Cubic feet of natural gas =1,940 gigawatt-years (GWy) =1,235 gigawatt-years (GWy) 35

34 High-Temperature Liquid Salts (Flow loops for thermal hydraulics, property measurements, materials testing, chemical reactivity, system design) Working with UCB, INL, PNNL, ORNL, SNL, and private industry Large scale liquid salt flow loops Static and flow loop materials testing to 1000 oc of Study of reaction of salts with water and hydrocarbons *Funding: DOE NEUP, Private industry 36

35 Increasing the Temperature/Efficiency of Solar Energy Solar trough systems Facilities built to test joints Collaboration with national laboratories and industries to increase efficiency of energy generation 37

36 Use of Advanced Fluids for High-Temperature Sensible and Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage 38 Dispatchable modular thermal energy storage system 38

37 In Situ Conversion Process Using Liquid Salts as Heat Transfer Medium Liquid salt used to gradually heat shale subsurface Applicable to oil shale and heavy oil refining Technology converts "Kerogen" by gradual heating in oil shale Results in a high recovery of light hydrocarbon products yielding high-quality transportation fuels Modest size test facilities to answer fundamental questions 39

38 Improved Safety and Increased Output From Nuclear Reactors 40 Water reservoir tank Test Section Heat Exchanger HX Pump CHF Loop pump Ultrasonic Flowmeter for CHF Loop Critical heat flux test facility Passive safety systems for reactor Small increase in efficiency and power in several reactors means a lot of additional power. There has recently been 5.7 GWe up-rates to existing nuclear reactors. 40

39 Advanced Power Cycles There has been 100 years of research and improvement to the Rankine cycle. 41 Ideal/Non-ideal Rankine cycle Rankine cycle with reheat Rankine cycle with regeneration 20% 25% 30% Issue: As temp increases, pressure increases (We have reached the practical limits of Rankine cycle) Not suitable for waste heat recovery Not suitable for load following Not suitable for high-temperature heat sources 41

40 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle 8 MPa (1,160 psi) 20 MPa (2,900 psi) 45% Use of CO 2 above its critical point o Critical temperature is 31.1ºC (88ºF) o Critical pressure is 7.39 MPa (1,072 psi) Acts as an ideal gas at high temperatures Acts like water at low temperatures 42

41 Advantages of the sco 2 Power Cycle Thermal efficiencies on the order of 40 to 50 percent are possible with relatively simple (and small) turbomachinery with high-power density. 43 Higher cycle efficiency lower operational cost Lower capital costs Improved environmental electrical production Potential for several different fuel sources No phase change through the turbine, which reduces blade wearing. Decreased Maintenance More compatible with dry cooling than a steam cycle. Lower Water Usage Shorter start-up and ramp due to smaller size. Improved Load Following Simpler system with no water chemistry. Lower operating and maintenance costs 43

42 Turbomachinery Size Echogens waste heat recovery sco 2 system 50 kw (67 HP) compressor Wright et al., Operation and Analysis of a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle, Sandia Report, SAND , pp (2010) 44

43 S-CO 2 Power Cycle Allows for High Temperature Heat and Waste Heat Recovery, Carbon Capture (Significant Market Potential) Potential for Natural Gas/Coal With CO 2 Capture Oxy-Fuel Combustion Cycle Advanced High-Temperature CSP Energy Generation, Electrical Power Generation From Thermal Storage 750C Advanced High-Temperature Nuclear Energy Generation Energy Generation From Waste Heat NG-Compression and Industrial Processes 45

44 Current Area of Research Related to sco 2 Cycle Cycle analysis o Optimization and configuration Turbine design Fluid dynamics o Need to scale up system (100 kw level 100 MW) Heat exchangers Heat transfer o Heavily recuperated currently expensive 50% of the cycle Safety system, flow-through valves, seal leakage Materials corrosion issues 46

45 Cycle Analysis and Optimization 47

46 Small Scale Test Facilities sco 2 heat exchanger testing 48 Valve, seal, high-speed flow test facility 600 ºC /1112 ºF 3600PSI In 625 sco2 Loop 160 GPM 5 separate sco 2 materials corrosion autoclaves (800ºC/1472 ºF, 4000 psi) Heat transfer test facility 48

47 Compact Heat Exchangers for sco 2 S-CO2 compact HX facility 49

48 sco (Compressor 2 Turbo-Machinery Turbine Seal Issues, Depressurization Rate Study for Reactor Safety Systems) S-CO2 Radial Turbo compressor design Axial turbine designs for larger power systems 50

49 sco 2 Materials Research (Working with several vendors and EPRI to look at advanced alloys.) sco 2 static autoclave testing 51 Flow Applied stress Component testing sco 2 flow testing (corrosion/erosion) Low-speed HX test facility Valve, seal, high-speed flow test facility 51

50 Supercritical Transformational Electric Power (STEP) Facility 10MWe Demonstration Test Facility Cross-cutting support within the Department of Energy EERE, FE, NE, and Geothermal Supercritical CO 2 : Research, development, and demonstration of sco 2 technologies with broad potential for higher-efficiency, lower-cost power generation, including a new STEP demonstration project ($57M). Possible site location at the UW- Madison Charter Street plant Collaboration with MGE U.S. Secretary of Energy Ernest Moniz discusses President Obama s 2015 budget March 4, 2014 "Within the Department of Energy (DOE), SCO 2 Brayton Cycle energy conversion could benefit research and development efforts in the offices of Nuclear Energy, Fossil Energy and Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy." 52

51 Concluding the WEI Summary WEI research is under way to tackle energy technology at both component and system levels Power electronics, controls, electric machines, microgrid, and distribution system advances are combining to pave the way to powerful integrated electrical grid and energy systems New thermal-mechanical power systems promise major advances in integrated energy systems Companies, utilities, and agencies are being engaged as partners... Many thanks to MGE 53

52 Small Scale Test Facilities sco 2 Heat exchanger testing 54 Valve, seal, high-speed flow test facility 600 ºC / 1112 ºF 3600PSI In625 sco2 Loop - 160GPM 5 separate sco2 materials corrosion autoclaves (800 ºC /1472 ºF, 4000psi) Heat Transfer test facility 54