Geothermal greenhouses The Dutch case

Transcription

1 Geothermal greenhouses The Dutch case Low temperatures High performance Agenda Introduction TNO Geothermal energy the Earth s heat The current state of geothermal energy worldwide Being practical: High and low temperature geothermal energy High temperature geothermal in Indonesia Best practices of the Netherlands Exporting experience: Making geothermal energy more effective worldwide 1

2 Introducing TNO s 5 core areas TNO Quality of life TNO Defence, Security and Safety TNO Science andtechnology TNO Built environment and Geo- Sciences TNO Information and Communication Technology Geo-Energy and Geo-Information - Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) - Geothermal Energy Use of renewable energy sources which emit no (or little) CO2 Using the earth s heat 2

3 What is geothermal energy? The earth s heat = Radioactive decay of elements Average global geothermal gradient = 30 C/km Emission Scenarios By % of all renewables is estimated to be covered by geothermal energy (MIT/TNO) Geothermal can contribute up to 2-3% of total CO 2 emission reduction 3

4 Heatflow in the continental lithosphere Ring of fire MIT-report (2008) EGS can foresee on 10% of electricity demand in 2050 Geothermal Worldwide Bleiswijk (The Netherlands) Blue Lagoon (Iceland) West Ford Flat (California) Kamojang,(Indonesia) Larderello, 1904 (Italy) 4

5 Geo-sausage Current Geothermal Energy plants in the world 5

6 Geothermal Potential World-wide (IGA,2001) Conversions of power costs into CO 2 reduction costs Carbon Intensity Displaced Cost of CO2 Reduction Renewable Technology Extra Costs ($/MWh) Coal (Tonne- C/MWh) Natural Gas Tonne- C/MWh Coal $/Tonne-C) Natural Gas $/Tonne-C) Biomass gasification or other advanced biomass $ $37.93 $ Wind $ $37.93 $ Geothermal $ $26.55 $ Solar Thermal $ $ $ Solar Photo-voltaics $ $53.10 $ Treepower (2008) 6

7 Self-sufficiency and savings Renewables like geothermal energy allow countries to become less dependent on fossil fuels Rising gas and oil prices make geothermal energy economically viable In rural areas geothermal allows modern energy services to be available and creates employment In urban areas clean energy supply for e.g. city heating/air- conditioning i European Geothermal Energy Council Current trend EU objectives for 2010 EGEC target 7

8 The geothermal energy family Summarizing Geothermal Electricity (high temperature) Geothermal Heating (low temperature) High temperature geothermal energy To generate electricity The geothermal energy family : High Temperature Location: West Java Surface area:100 km 2 Proved 1926 Production to date Steam production >200 C 200 MWe For instance: Indonesia Potential: MW Currently installed: 1000 MW Proposed program: 4800 MW; Generates over jobs Expected benefits 600 mln - 1 bln based on current price levels (Bappenas, 2009) 8

9 The geothermal energy family High temperature geothermal energy To generate electricity it However, don t forget: Low temperature geothermal energy Direct utilization for e.g. city heating, greenhouses and food conservation The geothermal energy family: Low temperature Large potential in low-temperature geothermal energy in the Netherlands 9

10 Heating greenhouses with geothermal technology Temperature 60 C Flow rate 160 m 3 /h Capacity 4-5 MW th Heating 7 ha of tomato green house Avoiding 3 million m 3 of gas per yr Investment costs 6 meur Supplying a neighborhood with geothermal heat 3800 houses 2000 m 2 office space Cooperating with municipality, housing associations, energy companies Realization The Hague South-West 10

11 Exporting experience: Making geothermal energy more effective worldwide Merging high-temperature practices with low temperature possibilities for maximum efficiency 11

12 Thank you for your attention TNO and geothermal energy ThermoGis: Database-application that maps the subsurface for defining potential locations for geothermal energy and their specific characteristics. Techno-Economic Performance Analysis tool (feasibility study) Geo-mechanic monitoring: subsurface movement, risk g, assessment 12