The status of Mechanical and Biological Treatment (MBT)

Transcription

1 The status of Mechanical and Biological Treatment (MBT) BEACON - Perugia Italy 23 rd May 2008

2 Presentation summary VEOLIA ENVIRONMENT Overview What is MBT? Input and output materials of an MBT plant Drivers of MBT in Europe MBT concept in Germany Example of biodrying plant Example of AD-stabilisation plant MBT concept in France Example of composting plant MBT in Egypt Example of a composting plant Conclusions

3 VEOLIA ENVIRONMENT Overview Veolia Environnement : World Leader in Environmental Services. The only global company that can provide a full range of Environmental Solutions 4 divisions: 34% 21% 17% 2007 revenue: 32.6 billion 28%

4 VEOLIA ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Number 1 worldwide in waste management 9.2 billion euros in revenue >100,000 employees in 33 countries 66 million tons of waste treated Activities: Waste management and logistics for local authorities and companies (maintenance, cleaning, sewer cleansing, collection and transfer). Hazardous and non-hazardous waste sorting, treatment (biological, physico-chemical) recycling and landfilling. Conversion of waste to energy, organic matter and recycled raw materials.

5 Biological treatments in VES In Biological treatment plants 2,3 Mt treated waste 850 Kt compost produced

6 What is MBT? MBT =Mechanical Biological Treatment It is a highly automated process for the recovery of recyclable and compostable material from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) MBT plants essentially comprises two elements: Bio-drying Shredding AD Sorting Composting Screening Reducing waste size Separating recyclables Separating dry/wet fractions Autoclaving Stabilising of the organic matter Drying of the waste Production of Biogas

7 Input material and End Products Recyclable recovery Energy recovery Thermal treatment Biogas RDF Material recovery Compost MSW (+ Industrial & Commercial waste) Compost-like residues & Refuse Landfilling MSW= Municipal solid waste; RDF= Refuse Derived fuel

8 Drivers of MBT in Europe The EU Landfill Directive of April 1999 (99/31/EC) require to reduce on a national scale the quantities of biodegradable municipal waste going to landfill of: 25% by % by % by 2016 on the basis of the quantities generated in For some European countries: MBT = one solution

9 Drivers of MBT in Europe For others the EU 2016 objectives are already reached: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Luxembourg, Sweden. Germany and Austria cases: Landfilling of untreated MSW is prohibited in Germany since 2005 (law TASi, AbfAblV, 30. BImSch) and in Austria since 2004 (ministerial ordinance 01/01/2004). Legal standards for landfilling of MBT residues: AT4 <5 mg O2/g DS <7 mg O2/g DS Gas Prod.21 (GB21) <20 Nl/kg DS <20 Nl/kg DS TOC Eluat <250 mg/l - Gross Calorific value <6.000 kj/kg DS <6.600 kj/kg DS Development of MBT besides Waste To Energy.

10 MBT in Germany Very developed selective sorting of recyclables and organic fraction: MSW recycling rate > 50%. Landfill is banned for untreated MSW since For MBT residues: landfilling costs =50 /ton. Forbidden to make MSW compost for agricultural use. This explains why Germany is a pioneer in terms of MBT with RDF & compost-like productions model and has developed the technology soon. Currently 48 MBT plants.

11 MBT concept in Germany Selective sorting Recyclables RDF Biogas Clean packaging Glass Hazardous & toxics Organic Waste Compost-like residues Refuse MSW (+ Industrial & Commercial waste)

12 Rostock Plant: AD and Stabilisation Location: Rostock Capacity: tpy Stabilisation Tech.: Horstmann AD Tech.: Kompogaz Investment cost: 20 M RDF bales Ship loading Digesters Stabilization tunnels

13 Rostock Plant: AD and Stabilisation >250 mm <60 mm AD treatment Air Separator Lights Paper & plastics RDF Except PVC >110 mm <110 mm W T E Aerobic Stabilisation Landfilling

14 Rostock Plant: AD and Stabilisation 35% RDF 100% Input Waste Refining & stabilisation ~19% H2O+CO2 Loss 3.5% Fe - non Fe 32% compost like 10% Refuse W T E

15 Dresden Plant: Biodrying Location: Dresden Capacity: tpy Biodrying Tech.: Herhof Investment Cost: 21 M Heavies Fluffy RDF Biodrying boxes

16 Dresden Plant: Biodrying Biodrying < 35 mm >85 mm Heavies Lights Lights >35 mm Pelletiser RDF Heavies <35mm Landfilling

17 Dresden Plant: Biodrying 53% RDF 100% Input Waste Drying & Refining ~30% H2O+CO2 Loss 3.5% Fe - non Fe 12-15% inerts

18 End product Market in Germany Stabilized OM: to get a good product we should have: Long residence time: 2-3 weeks in vessel are not sufficient. A well stabilized OM that meets national standards could be landfilled RDF: to get a good product we should Have a good mechanical separation A good quality RDF low moisture content, high NCV>15 MJ/kg. Creation of a trade outlet for this product according to local opportunities (no benefit but cost). Low calorific fuel: Compost is stabilized by biodrying rather than composting Biofuel = Low derived fuel quality part (low NCV<13 MJ/kg) There is not yet a real market for this product

19 End product Market in Germany RDF: 47% SRF 17% H 2 O 15,5 MJ/kg Wrapped into bales (NCV > 15 MJ/kg) MSW 9 MJ/kg 37% H 2 O Bio-drying (Crushing, + 2 weeks Bio-drying, + Sieving) Low calorific fuel: H 2 O, CO 2 22% low NCV 25% H 2 O NCV 7 MJ/kg (NCV < 13 MJ/kg) 31% mass loss including 24% H 2 O

20 MBT in France Possible to make a MSW compost for agricultural use if it meet the French standards NFU (thresholds for OM, DM, Pathogens, PTE, POP, physical contaminants). This explains why in France the MBT with compost productions model is very developed. Currently ~ 50 MSW composting plant.

21 MBT concept in France Selective sorting Recyclables Refuse Biogas Clean packaging Glass Hazardous & toxic waste Compost Residual Municipal waste Refuse

22 Lantic plant: Composting Location: Lantic Capacity: tpy Composting Tech.: BRS Investment Cost: 12 M BRS Curing area

23 Lantic plant: Composting BRS <30 mm >150 mm Refuse Composting <10 mm Landfilling RDF Compost Refuse Refuse

24 Lantic plant: Composting 30% Compost 100% Input MSW Composting & Refining ~20% H2O+CO2 Loss 2% Fe 48% Refuse RDF

25 End-product Market in France Compost: to get a good product we must have: A sorting of hazardous & toxic waste before waste collection. A process without shredding. A process know-how in order to recover the maximum of clean OM. A good quality compost that meet standards +label thresholds A market to sell it. RDF: to get a good product we should Have a good mechanical separation. A good quality RDF low moisture content, high NCV>15 MJ/kg. There is no market for this product in France yet. Cement manufacturers may take it if we pay for that.

26 MBT in Egypt Quality of MSW very different comparing to European MSW characterization: very high content of organic fraction. Possible to make a MSW compost for agricultural use if it meet the local standards. Social aspect: manual sorting of recyclables very developed on MSW before collection: A lot of persons live from that. Veolia subcontract to the Zebelins the additional sorting of recyclables on the composting plant in order to improve the quality of compost. Currently ~ 10 MSW composting plant.

27 MBT concept in Egypt Manual sorting Recyclables Plastics, cardboard, papers, Fe & non Fe Glass Compost Refuse MSW

28 Montazah composting plant Location: Montazah Capacity: 254,675 tpy Composting: Low tech Investment Cost for 2 lines: 700 K External view Manual sorting input waste

29 Montazah composting plant Recyclables Primary sorting of Bulky waste >30 mm < 30 mm Compost Composting <60 mm >60 mm Refuse

30 Montazah composting plant 48% Compost 100% Input Waste Composting & Refining ~20% Water loss 9% Recylclables 23% inerts

31 End product Market in Egypt Compost: to get a good product we should have: A good manual sorting of recyclables A process without shredding. A process know-how in order to recover the maximum of clean OM. A good quality compost that meet national standards & VES standards. Land very poor in OM. A market to sell it.

32 Conclusion (1) Many objectives depending on the country To stabilise the organic matter going to landfill Energy recovery (to produce fuels) Agricultural recovery (to produce a compost) Biological stabilisation before landfilling RDF production RMSW Composting or Anaerobic digestion Hazardous waste collection No shredder at the beginning Specific equipments

33 Conclusion (2) MBT is a combination of existing technologies. Conception of an MBT plant depends on: Legislative & social conditions. Quality of collected MSW. Market of the End product. Several techniques have aroused in the market to recover recyclables and divert the organic fraction (OF) from landfill: AD of MSW problems in digester; AD of OF MSW good AD supply. There is no universal solution for waste management, but a few of these technologies have proven their efficiency and could be considered as low carbon impact technologies.

34 Thank you for your attention Boris EFREMENKO Veolia Environmental Services Biological Treatments coordinator Tel: +33 (0)