UNFCCC/CCNUCC. CDM Executive Board III.AR./Version 03.0 Sectoral scope 01 EB 68

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1 TYPE III OTHER PROJECT ACTIVITIES Proect participants shall appl the general guidelines to small-scale (SSC) clean development mechanism (CDM) methodologies SSC CDM methodologies, attachment A to appendix B provided at < mutatis mutandis. III.AR. Substituting fossil fuel based lighting with LED/CFL lighting sstems Technolog/measure 1. This categor comprises activities that replace portable fossil fuel based lamps (e.g. wickbased kerosene lanterns) with batter-charged LED or CFL 1 based lighting sstems 2 in residential and/or non-residential applications (e.g. ambient lights, task lights, portable lights). 2. This methodolog is applicable onl to proect lamps whose batteries are charged using one of the following options: 3 Charged b a renewable energ sstem included as part of the proect lamp (e.g. a photovoltaic sstem or mechanical sstem such as a hand crank charger); Charged b a standalone distributed generation sstem (e.g. a diesel generator set) or a mini-grid, i.e. that is not connected to a national or regional grid; Charged b a grid that is connected to regional/national grid. 3. At a minimum proect lamps shall be certified b their manufacturer to have a rated average life of at least: 5,000 hours for Option 1, paragraph 11; 10,000 hours for Option 2, paragraph 12. Rated average life is the life certified b the manufacturer or responsible vendor as being the time at which the lamp s initial light output will decline b no more than 30%. In addition, for proect lamps charged using Option 2 as provided in paragraph 2 above, the manufacturer shall certif that the batter-charging-circuit efficienc of the proect lamps, at the time of the purchase, is at least 50%. For proect lamps charged under option indicated in paragraph 2, if the mini-grid or distributed generation sstem is not entirel powered b renewable energ generation unit(s), the Light emitting diode or compact fluorescent lamps. An LED or CFL based lighting sstem is defined as one or more individual LED or CFL lamps connected to a single rechargeable batter sstem. These sstems ma be portable or fixed. LED lamps ma consist of one or more diodes. For the purposes of this methodolog, a single LED or CFL based lighting sstem is referred to as the proect lamp throughout this document. Proect lamps ma be charged b an of the listed options, however each individual proect lamp shall be charged b onl one of the charging options (for example, 10,000 proect lamps ma be charged b photovoltaic (PV) sstems and 10,000 ma be charged b a grid, but none of the lamps ma be charged b both a grid and a PV sstem). 1/12

2 manufacturer shall certif that the proect lamp s batter charging circuit efficienc, at the time of purchase, is at least 50%. 4. Proect lamps shall have a warrant of a minimum of one ear. At a minimum, the warrant shall cover free replacement or repair of an failed lamps, batteries and where applicable solar panels. The warrant shall be provided to end users of the proect lamps. In a situation where the proect lamps are distributed through intermediaries, the one ear warrant shall commence from the time that the proect lamps are distributed to end-users. 5. Proect lamps shall meet or exceed the following minimum performance characteristics, which should be proven b third-part test results: Light Output: luminous flux of 20 lumens or illuminance of 25 lux over an area 0.1 m 2 when suspended at a distance of 0.75 meters or self-supported. The light output over a 2,000 hour lumen maintenance test should not decline b more than 20% for Option 1 (paragraph 11) or 15% for Option 2 (paragraph 12); Run Time and Batter Capacit: Dail Burn Time (DBT) 4 shall meet the following requirements: (i) DBT shall be equal to or greater than 3.5 hours; (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) For charging option 2 the autonomous time of the proect lamps shall meet the following requirements: For Option 1, paragraph 11, the autonomous time shall be equal to or greater than 150% than the DBT of the proect lamps; For Option 2, paragraph 12, the autonomous time shall be equal to or greater than 150% of the DBT of the proect lamps; For charging options 2 and 2 the autonomous time of the proect lamps shall meet the following requirements: For Option 1, paragraph 11, the autonomous time shall be equal to or greater than 200% of the DBT of the proect lamps; For Option 2, paragraph 12, the autonomous time shall be equal to or greater than 200% of the DBT of the proect lamps; For charging with solar PV under option 2 the Solar Run Time for the proect lamp in each month of the ear (as determined per paragraph 7(g)) shall be greater than or equal to the DBT; For charging option per 2 or 2, the proect lamp shall be full charged after eight hours of charging. 4 Definitions of terms are included in appendix I. 2/12

3 6. The proect design document shall explain the proposed distribution method of the proect lamps. It shall also explain how the proposed proect activit will: Ensure that the replaced baseline lamps are those that directl consume fossil fuel. This can be done through documentation of the common practice of fuel usage for lighting in the proect region (e.g. based on representative sample surves, official data or peer reviewed literature) that demonstrates that fossil fuel is a commonl used fuel for lighting; Eliminate potential double counting of emission reductions that could occur, for example, if more than one entit (e.g. lamp manufacturers, suppliers of solar and/or batter equipment, etc.) claims credit for emission reductions for the proect lamps. At a minimum, proect lamps shall be marked as CDM proect lamps; Ensure compliance with prevailing regulations pertaining to the use and disposal of batteries. 7. The proect design document shall include the minimum requirements for the design specifications of proect lamps including the following specifications: (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) Lamp wattage (in Watts) and luminous flux output (in lumens); Rated lamp life (in hours); Where applicable, the tpe and rated capacit of the renewable energ equipment used for batter-charging (in Watts); Tpe (e.g. NiMH, Lead-Acid, Li-ion), and rated capacit of the batteries (in Ampere hours); Tpe of charge controller (e.g. active or passive); Autonomous time and DBT; Solar Run Times(s) (SRT) for products with solar energ charging sstems. If regional solar data are available, the maximum, minimum and average estimated SRT values for each month of a tpical ear shall be provided. If regional solar data are not available the standard solar da (5 kwh/m 2 ) shall be used to estimate SRT; Where applicable, the amount of time to full charge the product using mechanical means or a centralized charging sstem (e.g. the national grid); Phsical protection against environmental factors (e.g. rain, heat, insect ingress). 8. Emission reductions can onl be claimed for up to five The proect activit shall restrict the number of proect lamps, distributed through the proect activit, per to no more than five per each household or per each business location (e.g. for commercial applications such as shops). For proects using Option 1 as per paragraph 11, compliance with this requirement can be demonstrated with documentation of the distribution procedures instead of b ex post recording of lamps distributed in each household. An lamp distributed to a household or business location beond the 3/12

4 limit of five per location shall not be included in the proect boundar, and emission reductions shall not be claimed for such lamps. 9. Measures are limited to those that result in emissions reductions of less than or equal to 60 kt CO 2 equivalent annuall. Boundar 10. The proect boundar includes the proect lamps as well as the charging sstems, as follows: If the proect lamps are charged b a renewable energ sstem, then the proect boundar includes the phsical, geographical site of the renewable energ sstem; If the proect lamps are charged b a mini-grid or a distributed generation sstem, then the proect boundar includes the phsical, geographical site of the mini-grid or distributed generation sstem; If the proect lamps are charged b a regional or national grid, then the proect boundar includes the phsical, geographical site of the regional/national grid. Lamp effective useful life Option 1: Proect lamps are assumed to operate for two ears after distribution to endusers. Therefore, under this option, emission reductions ma onl be claimed for two ears. 12. Option 2: Proect lamps are assumed to operate for up to seven ears after distribution to end-users, and thus emission reductions can be claimed for up to seven ears per proect lamp, if all of the following conditions are met. At a minimum, proect lamps must be certified b their manufacturer to have a useful life of 10,000 hours. Within this time span, the relative luminous flux shall not decrease b more than 30% as per equation 1. Such claims shall be confirmed b a third-part testing organization using an applicable standard and testing protocol. As an alternative to long-term measurement of light output over the full lifetime of the lamp, a shortened measurement period of 2,000 hours ma be chosen. If a 2,000 hour test period is used, the relative luminous flux shall not decrease b more than 15% during the 2,000 hours of continuous operation. As per the principles indicated in AMS-II.J Demand-side activities for efficient lighting technologies, if the average life value is not available ex ante, it shall be made available for verification. 5 The crediting period of the proect activit is distinct from the lamp effective useful life and the standard fixed or renewable period for CDM proects should be used. Proect lamps ma be distributed during multiple ears as long as the elapsed life of lamps can be unambiguousl tracked to ensure that emission reductions are not credited beond two ears (for Option 1) or seven ears (for Option 2) for an given proect lamp. In addition, both Options 1 and 2 ma be used in a single proect activit, but the option selected for each lamp must be specified before the distribution of the lamp. 4/12

5 t) ( t ) (1) Vrel v ( v 0 (d) (e) Where: Relative luminous flux after time t (shall be => 85% after 2,000 hrs and Vrel =>70% after 10,000 hrs) ( t 0 ) Initial luminous flux v v(t) Luminous flux after time t The proect lamps use a replaceable, chargeable batter. In addition, there must be documented measures in place to ensure that lamp owners have access to replacement batteries of comparable qualit; With regard to phsical ingress and water protection, the proect lamps shall achieve a minimum level of protection, based on the tpe of lamp, in accordance with IEC 60529, or an equivalent national standard, or the approved norms indicated in appendix 1; (i) (ii) (iii) For lamps with integrated solar modules or solar modules with a cable length less than three meters, the ingress protection (IP) class of the lamp shall be 43 or greater; or alternativel the lamp shall be protected from an equivalent level of environmental exposure; For lamps with integrated energ storage (i.e. batter) and external solar modules with cable lengths greater than 3 meters, the IP class of the lamp shall be 41 or greater; or alternativel the lamp shall be protected from an equivalent level of environmental exposure; For lamps with separate energ storage, light points, and external solar modules with cable lengths greater than three meters, the IP class of the storage base unit and light points shall be 21 or greater; or alternativel the lamp shall be protected from an equivalent level of environmental exposure; Conditions 12 and 12 are confirmed b a third-part testing organization based on sample tests 6 of proect lamps using applicable national standards where such are available, or alternativel, the standards or test protocols indicated in appendix I of this methodolog ma be used. The laborator conducting and certifing the tests shall compl with the requirements of a relevant national or international standard, e.g. ISO/IEC If the testing results are not available ex ante, the shall be made available at proect verification; Proect lamps shall be marked for clear, unique identification to associate them with each unique CDM proect. 6 The size of the sample and method of sample procurement shall be in line with the chosen testing standard. 5/12

6 Baseline emissions 13. This methodolog provides for a default annual baseline emissions factor for the proect lamps. The following assumptions are made about the equivalent baseline lighting sstem: DV FUR O U EF / 1000 LF n NTG (2) Where: DV FUR O U EF Lamp Emission Factor (default is tco 2 e per proect lamp) Fuel use rate ( liters/hour) Utilization rate (3.5 hours/da) Annual utilization (365 das/ear) Fuel emissions factor (2.4 kgco 2 /liter) LF Leakage factor (1.0) n Number of fuel-based lamps replaced per proect lamp (1.0) NTG Net-to-gross adustment factor (1.0) 14. Baseline emissions are calculated per equation (3). BE DV GF DB (3) Where: BE Baseline emissions per proect lamp in ear (tco 2 e) GF Grid Factor in ear, Equal to 1.0 when charging option defined in paragraph 2 is used; 7 Equal to 1.0 if the proect activit is for off-grid households/communities (defined as no grid access or less than 12 hours grid availabilit per da on an annual average basis); Otherwise it is equal to 1.0 minus (the fraction of time grid is available to the target households and communities/users in the region of proect activit) 7 Based on the demonstration that fossil fuel is the predominant practice for lighting as per paragraph 6, it is assumed all baseline emissions are from the consumption of fossil fuel burning for lighting. 6/12

7 DB Dnamic Baseline Factor (change in baseline fuel, fuel use rate, and/or utilization during crediting period) in ear. Calculated as either: Option 1: default of 1.0 in the absence of relevant information; Option 2: value of 1.0+FFg where FFg is the documented national growth rate of kerosene fuel use in lighting from the preceding ears (use the most recent available data for a three or five ears average (fraction)) 15. Alternative values for parameters in equation (2) to result in a different value for DV (e.g. Fuel use rate, utilization rate) can onl be used if adequate research/monitoring and documentation is provided b the proect proponent (e.g. strategic surves and research conducted b national or local organizations, initiatives b international organizations or non governmental organizations or the proect proponent to collect reliable and comprehensive data). Proect emissions 16. There are no proect emissions (PE = 0) if the proect lamp charging mechanism utilized is as defined in: Paragraph 2; or Paragraph 2 if the minigrid or distributed generation sstem is entirel powered b renewable energ generation unit(s). 17. There are proect emissions if the proect lamp charging mechanism utilized is as defined in: Paragraph 2; or Paragraph 2 if the minigrid or distributed generation sstem is not entirel powered b renewable energ generation unit(s). 18. Proect emissions per proect lamp are calculated as: 6 1/ Eff D H 1 TD PE (4), i, Wi EFCO2, ELEC,, i, 10 Where: PE, i, Average proect emissions in ear (tco 2 e) per proect lamp i Tpe of proect lamp Tpe of charging mechanism as per paragraph 2 W i Wattage of proect lamps distributed to end users, of tpe i (Watts) Eff i, Batter charging efficienc of lamps distributed to end users, as documented b lamp manufacturer, of tpe i for charging tpe D Das of operation of proect lamps per ear, use a value of 365 7/12

8 H Hours of operation of proect lamps per da (DBT), use a value of 3.5 hours EF Grid emission factor in ear calculated in accordance with the provisions in CO2, ELEC,, AMS-I.D Grid connected renewable electricit generation or AMS-I.F Renewable electricit generation for captive use and mini-grid depending on the charging mechanism (tco 2 /MWh) TD Emissions reduction Average annual technical grid losses (transmission and distribution) during ear for the grid serving the locations where the devices are installed, expressed as a fraction. This value shall not include non-technical losses such as commercial losses (e.g. theft/pilferage). The average annual technical grid losses shall be determined using recent, accurate and reliable data available for the host countr. This value can be determined from recent data published either b a national utilit or an official governmental bod. Reliabilit of the data used (e.g. appropriateness, accurac/uncertaint, especiall exclusion of non technical grid losses) shall be established and documented b the proect participant. A default value of 10% shall be used for average annual technical grid losses, if no recent data are available or the data cannot be regarded as accurate and reliable 19. Annual emission reductions are calculated as: BE PE OF ER Ni,, i, i,, i, i, Where: (5) ER Emission reductions in ear (tco 2 e) N, Number of proect lamps distributed to end users of tpe i with charging method i OF, i, Percentage of proect lamps distributed to end users that are operating and in service in ear, for each lamp tpe i and charging method. Assumed to be equal to 100% for ears 1, 2 and 3, and. equal to the value determined in paragraph 2221, for ears 4, 5, 6 and 7 8 The emission reductions shall be considered from the date of distribution of the proect lamps to end-users. 8 The ears refer to the operational ears of proect lamps (e.g. for proect lamps distributed in ear 3 of the crediting period ears 1, 2 and 3 relate to the ears 3, 4 and 5 of the crediting period and so forth). 8/12

9 Monitoring 20. Monitoring includes: (i) Recording of proect lamp distribution data; and (ii) Where Option 2, paragraph 12 is chosen ex post monitoring surves to determine percentage of proect lamps distributed to end-users that are operating and in service in ear. 21. During proect activit implementation, the following data are to be recorded: Number of proect lamps distributed to end-users under the proect activit, identified b the tpe of proect lamps (lamp wattage, batter tpe, charging method, the date of distribution); 9 Data to unambiguousl identif each recipient of a proect lamp, for all the proect lamps distributed that will claim emission reductions for up to seven ears, as per Option 2, paragraph For proect lamps that will claim emission reductions for up to seven ears, ex post monitoring surves to determine percentage of proect lamps 10 distributed to end users that are operating and in service will be conducted during the third ear of the crediting period. While the percentage of proect lamps that are operating and in service can be assumed to equal 100% in ear 1, 2, and 3, the result of ex post monitoring surve undertaken during the third ear shall be used in ears 4, 5, 6 and 7, as per paragraph 19. Onl proect lamps with a unique proect marking (per paragraphs 12(e) or 25) can be counted as operating and in service. While proect lamps replaced as part of a regular maintenance or warrant program can be counted as operating, proect lamps cannot be replaced as part of the surve process and then counted as operating. 23. The following surve principles shall be followed for activities related to determining number of proect lamps in service and operating under the proect: The sampling size is determined b minimum 90% confidence interval and the 10% maximum error margin; the size of the sample shall be no less than 100; Sampling must be statisticall robust and relevant, i.e. the surve has a random distribution and is representative of the target population (size, location); 9 Or a conservative estimation thereof based on distribution records. In the case of proect activities which do not involve direct distribution of proect lamps to end-users, but instead involve distribution of proect lamps through intermediaries, the average number of das between the date on which proect lamps are delivered to intermediaries and the date on which the proect lamps are distributed from the intermediaries to end-users can be determined using either surve methods or b using a default value of 120 das. The surve methods ma either be of a census of intermediaries (if the number of intermediaries is equal to less than 50) or using sampling methods in accordance with the Standard for Sampling and Surves for CDM Proect Activities and Programme of Activities. However, the date of deliver of proect lamps to all intermediaries shall be directl recorded with no recourse to sampling. 10 If proect lamps are distributed with different charging methods, per paragraph 2, 2 and/or 2, then the percentage operating in ear 3 should be determined per each categor of charging method, see equation (5). 9/12

10 (d) (e) (f) The method to select respondents for interviews is random; The surve is conducted b site visits; Onl persons over age 12 are interviewed; The PDD must contain the design details of the surve. Proect activit under a programme of activities 24. If monitoring is required, per paragraphs 20-23, to determine the percentage of proect lamps distributed to end-users that are operating and in service, such monitoring will take place in the third ear of crediting period of each CPA and the results shall be used for operational ears 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the proect lamps of that CPA. 25. For Option 2, paragraph 12, proect lamps shall be marked for clear, unique identification to associate them with each unique CPA. 10/12

11 Appendix I DEFINITIONS Dail Burn Time (DBT): total number of hours per da that the lighting sstem must provide light that is bright enough to satisf the light output requirements stipulated in paragraph 5. DBT is expressed in hours. Autonomous Time or Autonomous Run Time (AT): time measured from switching on the light in a mode that is bright enough to satisf the light output requirements stipulated in paragraph 5 to the point in time where the light output reaches 70% of its initial brightness or where low voltage triggers batter cut-off, whichever is earlier. The test must be performed with a full charged batter. AT indicates maximum possible burn time or run time and is also known as batter autonom. AT is expressed in hours. Solar Run Time (SRT): operational time in a mode that is bright enough to satisf the light output requirements stipulated in paragraph 5 from a da of solar charging under standard solar da conditions. Although a standard solar da can be defined as 5 kwh/m 2 incident radiation, actual SRT depends on geograph, weather, shading, and user behavior. Thus, if regional solar data are available, such data shall be used to calculate SRT instead of the 5 kwh/m 2 value. SRT ma be computed using simulation software or it can be computed using the method indicated in the test procedure included below. SRT is expressed as a number of hours of operation. Ambient lights: Lights used to either full or partl illuminate a room. Task lights: Lights used to illuminate a defined working area. Portable lamps: Portable lamps have self-contained energ sources, are easil transported b hand, and are not permanentl connected via piping to a central energ source. Norms, specifications and test procedures: Existing test procedures and specifications for proect lamps or other off-grid lighting sstems, batteries, charge controllers and solar modules include: (d) (e) (f) (g) Lighting Africa Qualit Test Method (the most recent version of this document should be used; the document is available at < PVGAP PVRS 5/5A, batteries; IEC 61951, NiMH batteries; IEC 61960, Li-ion batteries; CIE 127, LEDs; PVGAP PVRS 11A, Solar lights; IEC PV stand-alone sstems, design verification and others. 11/12

12 Histor of the document Version Date Nature of revision Jul 2012, Annex # 02 EB 65, Annex November EB 58, Annex November 2010 Decision Class: Regulator Document Tpe: Standard Business Function: Methodolog Revision to: Account for suppressed demand in accordance with the suppressed demand guidelines; Exclude the batter certification requirement for sstems charged b renewable energ sources; Allow the use of surve method or a default value of 120 das to estimate the date of distribution of proect lamps; Provide clarit on the warrant requirements. To include: Specifications to ensure high qualit, high performance lighting products are distributed under the proect (e.g. lumen testing, IP class); and Expand the applicabilit to include CFLs, including modifing the title. Initial adoption. 12/12