Masthead. Editor Naina Shah

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2 Masthead Reprint & Permissions All rights reserved. Without the written permission of the publisher, reproduction / republishing / reprinting of this magazine, in whole or in part, are strictly prohibited. To acquire permission write to info@watertoday.org The Publishers and the Editors do not necessarily, individually or collectively, identify themselves with the views expressed in this magazine. The views expressed are those of the authors only. The Magazine also does not claim any responsibility for information contained in the advertisements. The magazine assumes no liability or accountability of any kind in connection with the information thereof. Editor Naina Shah editor@watertoday.org Resident Editor Hemlatha Govindaraj editor@watertoday.org Senior Designer N. Sirajudeen siraj@watertoday.org Circulation subscribe@watertoday.org Advertisement & Sales info@watertoday.org Corporate offices and academic institutions looking to order for bulk subscriptions, please contact us on or write to us at subscribe@watertoday.org Printed & Published by S. Shanmugam on behalf of WATER TODAY PVT. LTD. Printed at Dawood Graphics, No. 63, Muthu Street, Royapettah, Chennai , Tamil Nadu, India. Published at 3D, III rd Floor Bhagheeratha Residency, 124, Marshall s Road, Egmore, Chennai Tamil Nadu, India Regional Offices: C - Wing 201, 2nd Floor, Kohinoor Apartments, Ranade Road, Dadar West Mumbai , Maharashtra, India Submissions We inspire and encourage perspective authors to write articles, case studies, technical papers and application stories on water and wastewater industry and follow Water Today s Author s guidelines before submitting manuscripts. Write to us at editor@watertoday.org Head Offices: to obtain Author s Guideline. WATER TODAY Pvt. Ltd. 3d, III Floor Bhagheeratha Residency, 124, Marshall s Road, Egmore, Chennai , TN, India Tel : info@watertoday.org Web: UNITING THE VIBRANT WORLD OF WATER - TO PROVIDE A PROACTIVE PLATFORM FOR THE WATER INDUSTRY TO CONVERGE AND WORK TOGETHER IN ACHIEVING SOLUTIONS TO GLOBAL WATER PROBLEMS. 8 Water Today February 2016

3 CONTENTS Membrane Bioreactors In Industries: An Approach Towards Environmental Reclamation and Energy Production...26 Membrane based processes are rapidly finding its verve in modern water industry as it is highly efficient, easy to operate, avoids chemicals and other inputs, economical and requires limited space. By Dr. R. Ravikumar & R. Saranya New Trends in Membranes Material...58 The selection of suitable material and preparation technique depends on the applications in which the membrane is to be used. Read on By Anil Baghel General Aspects of Membrane Filtration...34 Proper pre-treatment of water is required to be carried for better longevity of the membrane so that chemical cleanings are to be minimised as the pores are being affected due to prolonged cleanings. By Dr V.K.Seth Ceramic Membrane Technology..64 Membrane modules provide the inherent technical advantages of ceramic membranes in a configuration that provides for substantially reduced cost By Umesh Patel New Trends in Membrane Technology: CSIR-CGCRI Initiative on Ceramic Membranes...42 This article discusses detailed initiatives by the CSIR-CGCRI on Ceramic Membranes. Read on By Swachchha Majumdar, Sourja Ghosh, Ganesh Chandra Sahoo, Subhendu Sarkar & Sandeep Sarkar Decentralized MBR for Reuse Applications...66 Decentralized wastewater for water reuse is a highly effective solution at alleviating stress on fresh water supplies. Read on By Mike Snodgrass 10 Water Today February 2016

4 CONTENTS Membrane Technology: It s Complex Science!...72 The article discusses the complex science of Membrane Technology in the current scenario. Read on By Daniel L. Theobald Membrane Technology for High TDS & High COD Effluents without Pre-Treatment...76 By Dr. Harshvardhan Modak Bio Fouling Cause Indication & Mitigation...84 By Dinkar Saxena Smart Air MBR: An Automatic Control System to Reduce Energy Consumption of MBR...88 By Javier Romero Sanz & Dharmendra Raval Process Simplification Through the Use of...92 By Robert Y. Ning Innovative Membrane System...98 By i.a. Nadja Pappenberger & Natcha Kosolkamolmas Innovative Feed Spacer Technology Lead to Enhanced RO Element Performance..102 By Stefan Tielen & Carsten Schellenberg R E G U L A R S Masthead...8 Editorial Calendar Water Wire...14 Subscription Form Launch Pad...18 Classifieds Event Zone...20 Ad. Index Product Zone...24 Editor s Note Water Today February 2016

5 Membrane Technology: It s Complex Science! The article discusses the complex science of Membrane Technology in the current scenario. Read on By Daniel L. Theobald This is another in a series of educational articles on water and wastewater, discussing Today s Complex Science of Membrane Technology. This generic presentation utilizes my extended number of years of experience working in Membrane Technology: Presentation Details: Overview Uses and Applications Conclusion Overview: In this series of Back to Fundamentals on water and wastewater, the article discusses the complex science of Membrane Technology in the current scenario. Membrane filtration technologies are available by offering unique advantages and addressing filtration and separation issues in a variety of applications worldwide. Uses and Applications: Membrane Technologies Membrane Technologies have been designed and perfected to handle virtually any physical aspect of any process fluid with an optimal solution. In Food & Beverage Industry, process water requires clean incoming process water critical to safety and efficacy in the food and beverage industry. With so many solutions, membrane technologies offer a variety of solutions for purifying process water. Apply Membrane Technology to reduce costs, increase efficiency, minimize water footprint, and ensure a safe, reliable supply of water. Membrane systems are specifically available to handle tough environments, reliably producing clean effluent at minimal cost. 72 Water Today l February 2016

6 Reusing water in food-processing operations is challenging, but certainly surmountable with the right technology. Even difficultto-handle wastewaters can be treated using membrane technology, often producing water that is clean enough to reuse within the plant. Membrane systems reliably clean water from spent cleanin-place streams allowing it to be reused within the facility. In the Metal Finishing industry, large manufacturing plants often include metal forming and finishing operations. Great quantities of oily wastewaters can be generated from such operations in the cleaning and degreasing of fabricated parts. These are tough challenges that require unique solutions. Robust tubular membranes are available to handle high solids with minimal clogging and low energy. It is now widely used in industries worldwide to produce clean effluent and reduce expenses when dealing with oily wastewater treatment and water reuse. Without the right technology employed in Metal Finishing industry, the oils from spent metalworking coolants and lubricants are expensive to remove chemically. That s why membrane technology produces water that consistently meets discharge limits and even enables oils to be reused, a clear financial benefit and environmental advantage. If oily wastewater is impeding on efficiency, tubular membranes is capable of handling extremely high-suspended solids. Tubular ultrafiltration membranes provide a resourceful technique for treating industrial wastewater contaminated with heavy oil or grease, such as the kind found in metalworking industries. Machining processes produce large volumes of sludge containing heavy metals and without treatment must be hauled away. Membrane technologies can be used to remove these impurities, decreasing contaminants in the discharge stream, and even making it pure enough for discharge or recycling back into the plant. Power Plants rely on ultrapure water to reduce boiler downtime aided by systems to produce high-purity water in power plants around the world. Specialized systems provide important advantages, including a smaller footprint for power plants with limited ability for expansion, highly automated operations requiring minimal operator attention, a reduction of waste and disposal fees, and less need to purchase, store, and handle costly chemicals. Boiler feed water has improved in Power Plants with precise technology in ultra-filtration systems and RO elements. It s the most advanced solution for purifying boiler makeup water, and lowers expenses in the long run. Water from Oil &Gas Processes requires thorough treatment in order to be safely discharged. Membrane Technology is effective in treating wastewaters from oil production and refining processes. Water is a critical component in oil and gas processing, and trace contaminants in the water supply can adversely impact vital processes. Robust membranes systems and solutions are an ideal component in produced water treatment, and provide a low cost, efficient method of ensuring safe, reliable water. Approximately ten times more water than oil is generated from many wells, making the separation, treatment, and disposal of produced water one of the most costly and environmentally challenging dilemmas facing the oil and gas industry. Membrane technology offers effective solutions. Paper Mills generate wastewater that contains starch, clay, wood fibers, and cellulose. Membrane wastewater treatment systems and Membrane water reuse systems can meet these very challenges with cleaner solutions that actually boost overall efficiency and output. Supporting Mining Operations with fresh water is critical to their success. While the majority of water at mining sites is used in grinding and separating minerals, it may also be used to support downstream processing, product conveyance, and onsite mining personnel. Mining water treatment and reuse of water also plays a critical role in keeping costs in check. Regardless of the end use, Membrane Systems turn both seawater and brackish water into fresh usable water. Semiconductor Manufacturers require large volumes of ultrapure water to rinse impurities from wafer surfaces which are a considerable business expense when the right equipment is not employed. Ultrafiltration membranes and reverse osmosis elements are an ideal combination for producing high-quality, lowcost, reliable water needed to make today s extremely compact semiconductor chips. These membranes are also used for the treatment and recycling of wastewater from wafer washing and mechanical grinding operations. Water Today l February

7 The Chemical Industry is faced with the continual challenge of meeting strict discharge limits while keeping overall operating costs down. The variation of waste from plant to plant adds to the difficulty of implementing sound chemical water treatment and reuse strategies. Membrane Technology can help manage water requirements, and reduce water footprint. Conclusion: Some advantages of Membrane Technology discussed in this article include better removal of contaminants, high efficiency, smaller footprint and Long filtration media life and more. There are some explanations of the complex science behind membrane technology, So hopefully you are ready to Begin now to: Advance the use of Membrane Technology. About The Author Daniel L. Theobald is Wastewater Dan, proprietor of Environmental Services. He is a professional wastewater and safety consultant/trainer with more than 24 years of hands-on industry experience operating many variants of wastewater treatment processing units and is eager to share with others his knowledge about water conservation. Wastewater Dan can be reached at TheWastewaterWiz01@gmail.com or www. Conserve-On-Water.com 74 Water Today l February 2016