THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE OVERVIEW

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1 THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE OVERVIEW

2 Thermal Energy Storage Benefits for Texas Prior to de-regulation TES was widely deployed THOUSANDS of Peak MW s can be recovered in Texas with Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Energy and operational savings are now available to owners with a TES system

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4 Energy Storage Concept Energy is stored during off-peak periods, then distributed during peak periods. Examples of energy storage systems: Batteries in a mobile phone The human body Thermal Energy Storage (TES)

5 TES with Chilled Water District Cooling Systems

6 Commercial / Industrial TES System Ice Storage Energy in an ice phase Relatively small footprint, ideal for urban applications Chilled Water Energy in the chilled water liquid phase Economical in larger applications Like BIG rechargeable batteries

7 Thermal Storage Benefits utilities, environment, rate payers and users! Reduces cooling costs for owners Optimizes HVAC systems and improve efficiency Economical solution to reduce peak demand Reduces source energy consumption Prepares owners for Demand Response programs

8 Electric Grid Components Generation Transmission & Distribution End User

9 U.S. Electric Grid

10 ERCOT Grid Hourly Load Source: ERCOT,

11 ERCOT Grid - $/MWh 3, HB South Region August , Settlement Point 2, , , :00 05:00 09:00 13:00 17:00 21:00 01:00 05:00 09:00 13:00 17:00 21:00 01:00 05:00 09:00 13:00 17:00 21:00 01:00 05:00 09:00 13:00 17:00 21:00 01:00 05:00 09:00 13:00 17:00 21:00 01:00 05:00 09:00 13:00 17:00 21:00 $/MWh 1-Aug 2-Aug 3-Aug 4-Aug 5-Aug 6-Aug Date Source: ERCOT,

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13 TES with Chilled Water Cooling Systems TES provides daily dispatch-able electrons

14 Chilled Water TES Schematic Inlet Chilling Cooling Coils Inlet Chilling Cooling Coils

15 Electric Load Profile LOAD PROFILE WITHOUT TES LOAD PROFILE WITH TES With TES: permanent electric load shift from peak periods to off-peak periods energy reduction by taking advantage of cooler ambient conditions at nighttime and running chillers at their optimum conditions

16 Financial Benefits TES systems provide significant financial benefits: Energy Cost Savings using electrons wisely Cost Avoidance when expanding the campus Insurance no downtime of critical processes

17 Electric Peak Reduction 1000-ton Chiller 0.6 MW 8,000 ton-hrs TES 0.0 MW By utilizing a TES system and the excess capacity of a chiller plant at night time, the electric chillers and associated equipment can be de-energized during the peak period.

18 Applicability Nighttime generation is efficient and plentiful Cooling at night to cool buildings or boost generation efficiency can help manage peak summer demand and intermittency issues from renewable energy

19 Case Study #1 Demand Side

20 Scope of Work: San Antonio, TX Lackland AFB 0.79 MG TES tank added to one of the chilled water district cooling systems Chilled water control strategy that takes advantage of off-peak electric rates

21 San Antonio, TX Lackland AFB Project Results: Electric load shift of nearly 1 MW of power Significant annual energy costs savings

22 Case Study #2 Supply Side

23 Cogeneration or Power Plant Performance Performance goes down as outside air temp goes up

24 Turbine Inlet Chilling Improves NG Power Plant Performance Combustion Turbine Chiller Plant TES Tank Ambient Air Cooling Coil Chilled Water

25 Cleburne, TX NG Power Plant Scope of Work: Retrofit existing SGT6-5000F (501F) combustion turbine with an inlet chilling system: 1.74 MG TES tank 3,800-ton modular CHW plant with cooling coils & EMS Chiller Plant Coil Retrofit TES Tank

26 Cleburne, TX NG Power Plant Power Plant Performance: Before F DB / 75 F WB After T2 of 50 F Net MW (16.6% Increase) Over 2,400 MW of Potential in Texas

27 TES Proven Technology in Texas College and school Campuses Edinburg, TX - UT Pan Am San Antonio, TX - Alamo HS Government & Municipalities Lackland AFB, TX San Antonio, TX - Airport Private Industry & Data Centers San Antonio, TX Microsoft Houston, TX Reliant and Cost-Effective

28 Other Benefits of TES Dual use: fire protection energy storage Reduces daytime noise on campus Reduces air emissions at the source Improves grid reliability Assists intermittent renewable power