Flexible Automatic Water Level Controller and Indicator

Transcription

1 World Journal of Technology, Engineering and Research, Volume 3, Issue 1 (2018) Contents available at WJTER World Journal of Technology, Engineering and Research Journal Homepage: Flexible Automatic Water Level Controller and Indicator Mallikarjun.G.Hudedmani a*, Nagaraj. S. N b, Shrikanth.B.J c, Ali Adil Sha d, Pramod.G e a,b,c,d,e Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KLE Institute of Technology, Opposite to Airport, Gokul, Hubballi, Karnataka, India Keywords Water level indicator Controller Automatic level controller Flexible level controller A B S T R A C T Water is very precious for the living beings and scarcity of the same is gradually increasing. Most of the cities in the county and that of the world are facing this problem. This is one of the motivations for the current work and to deploy techniques in order to save water and help the environment which in turn ensures water for the future. Hence, it is of utmost importance to preserve and save water. In many houses there exists unnecessary wastage of water due to overflow from overhead tanks etc. Automatic Water Level Controller can provide a solution to this problem. Present work does not use any microcontrollers etc. The operation of water level controller is based on the fact that water conducts electricity. As the water level rises or fall the sensing probes and circuits of the controller detect the same. These signals are used to switch ON or switch OFF the pump motor as per requirements. This system is used to automate the process of water pumping to over-head tank storage and has the facility to select the level of water to pump. The logical situations using electronic circuit manage the system. The required amount or volume of water can be pumped to the over head tank by choosing level selector unlike waiting for the complete filling in the conventional circuits WJTER All rights reserved 359

2 I. INTRODUCTION Water is very precious and needed for many and every activities. Conservation of water is similarly important and has adverse effects otherwise. The storage of water for the domestic, industrial, agricultural or other such needs is very important. The literature in this regard provides sufficient justification for the use of automatic water level controllers. Many of such circuits make use of microcontroller or PIC ICs to work for the task [1]. To conserve and make effective use of water a controller is needed to manage the required volume or level in underground and overhead tanks of premises. Automatic water level controller circuit is a simple engineering electronic project does the same with suitable logic and components [2]. The pump motor is of single phase AC and operated using relay from the controller. The present work do not incorporate any Microcontroller instead use Transistors and Timer IC555. It will automatically switch ON and OFF the domestic water pump to fill the over head tank to the set level or volume of water. The main advantage of this water level controller circuit is that it automatically controls the water pump without any user interaction. It is built with simple electronic components. The heart of this pump controller circuit is NE555 IC. Water level controller does help to control the level of water automatically by using sense probe/circuit of the tank. This system not only monitors the water level of the tank, it switches ON the motor automatically whenever overhead tank is empty. The motor is switched OFF when the required level in the overhead tank is reached along with LED indications. Pump motor is not started whenever underground water level is below the pre set threshold. Using this system we can avoid the overflow and wastage of the water [3]. II. BLOCK DIAGRAM AND CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER AND INDICATOR The proposed models block diagram is presented in Fig 1 and its electrical circuit diagram in Fig 2. The flexible water level controller uses underground tank, over head tank, pump and the controller circuit with level probes. The installation of level probes must be done properly in the over head tank and the controlling unit inside the house. Fig 1 Block diagram of water level controller 360

3 Fig 2 Circuit diagram of water level controller III. WORKING OF WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER AND INDICATOR The working of water level controller is understood easily by considering the scenario as explained below. In the Fig 3 left side overhead tank is simulated by a water container and a bottle at right side to for underground tank. Level probes are installed in overhead and underground tank as required. Let over head tank is empty or level is below the threshold then the circuit switches ON the pump motor provided the minimum level of water is present in the underground tank else do not turns ON. The user has the choice of selecting the water level of over head tank by the selector given. Let us assume the level chosen is 2 and then the pump status is ON till the water level of the over head tank reaches to respective sensing probe. Once the probe is sensed the pump turns OFF. Fig 3 to Fig 5 show the stage wise indication till level 2 is reached. The cyclic operation of the pump is expected as per the situation and request. For the water level of underground tank a buzzer is provided to stop the input water Tap to avoid over flow and unnecessary billing for the water by the water supply board. 361

4 Fig 3 Photographic view of experimental set up with Pump Motoror on Fig 4 Photographic view of experimental set up with Level 1 reached indicator Fig 3 shows the pump ON state with LED glow and Fig4 shows the overhead tank level 1 reached LED. Similarly Fig 5 shows the overhead tank level 2 reached state with glowing LED. The conventional controller will not be having flexible level control like the one proposed here with. The current work provides an optional feature of pumping specific volume of water preset by the selector and probes. The selector switch gives an option to decide the required level to be set for the pumping. The pump motor is stopped by the circuit once the level is reached. This is very useful in providing proportional or sharing of water by group of houses from common source by providing selected volume of water for the user. Fig 5 Photographic view of experimental set up with Level 2 reached indicator 362

5 IV. LIST OF COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION The proposed controller requires some electronic components as listed. The Table1 shown below gives the information about the components used in preparing the water level controller and indicator. Table 1 List of components Description 1. Power supply (9v DC) 2. NE 555 timer IC 3. Resistor (100ohm & 10k) 4. Relay (9v,5A) 5. BC 548 transistor 6. 1N4007 diode 7. Selector switch. 8. BC 547 transistor ohm resistor. 10. Buzzer. POWER SUPPLY: A 9V DC battery/bench power supply is used to power up the entire circuit. NE 555 timer IC: The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit used in a verity of timer, pulse generation and oscillator applications. IC555 package includes 25 transistor, 2 diodes and 15 resistor on a silicon chip installed in an 8-pin dual in line package. Supply voltage Vcc= 4.5 to 15V Output current(max)= =200ma Max power dissipation=600mw Power consumption(minimum operating)= 225mW@15V Operating temperature=0 to 75 c Fig 6 IC 555 Package view Fig 7 Pin diagram of IC 555 RESISTOR: Different resistors as required in the construction of the circuit are used. Generally all the resistors are ¼ watt rated. RELAY: Relays are simple switches which are operated both electrically and mechanically. Now a day s most of the high end industrial application devices have relays for their effective working the switching mechanism is carried out with help of electromagnet. 363

6 Fig 8 Sample Relay view Fig 9 Relay driver and lamp indication by Relay DIODE AND LED : A diode is a semiconductor device which allows current to flow through it in only one direction. A diode can be used as rectifier that converts AC to DC for a power supply device. Diodes can be used to separate the signals from radio frequencies. LED is a light emitting diode product that assembled into a lamp for the use in lighting fixtures. LEDs are used both for general and special purpose lighting but most LED do not emit light in all directions. Presently multi colored LEDs are available for commercial use. Fig 10 Sample Diode view Fig 11 Different Color LEDs TRANSISTOR: BC547 is an NPN bi-polar junction transistor (BJT). One element that has revolutionized the technology in the past decade is transistor. It is named as transistor which is of two terms transfer of resistor. Transistor is made from silicon as it is a semiconductor devices used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power. BC 548 is also general purpose silicon NPN bi polar junction transistor. 364

7 Fig 12 Typical view of NPN Transistor Fig 13 Piezo buzzer BUZZER: Is an electronic device commonly used to produce audible sound, light in weight, it s simple construction and low price make it usable in various applications like car and many other reversing indicator, call bells etc. It is operated with 5-12V DC voltage and for the loudest tones stay around 4 KHz but works quite well from 5khz to 10khz. V. ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS The Flexible water level controller and indicator is very useful gadget for house hold and industrial applications. It can be used for various fluid level controls in industries etc. Following are the few advantages and applications listed. Advantages Easy installation. Low maintenance. Compact and elegant design. Users can control the required level of water in over head tank. Avoids wastage of water from tanks. It can maintain exact preset water levels. The system is very versatile, a numbers of tailor made variations like control of multiple tanks or multiple pumps are possible. Being automatic saves man power. Applications Used in buildings where the manual monitoring is difficult. Used in industries to control the water level and in chemical mixing etc. It can be installed in metro cities where the drinking water is the only water used for all purposes which keeps the drinking water from being wasted. VI. CONCLUSIONS AND SCOPE FOR IMPROVEMENT The proposed flexible automatic water level controller and indicator without any microcontroller is implemented and found working satisfactorily. The flexibility of the choice of level of over head tank while pumping the water from the underground tank is found making the distinction 365

8 among the available such water level controller circuits and economically affordable. The pump operation begins only when the low level probe is sensed from the over head tank and a bypass switch can be provided to start the pump whenever required. The present circuit can be modified suitably by incorporating low cost controllers like Arduino and IoT to make it operated from anywhere and able to interact intelligently by messaging or warning. REFERENCES [1] Tanmoy Chakraborty, Khairul Alam, Satadal Mal3, Utpal Biswas, Automatic Electronic Water Level Management System using PIC Microcontroller, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, (ISSN , ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Special Issue 7, April 2014). Website: (ISSN , ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Special Issue 7, April 2014) International Conference on Industrial Engineering Science and Application (IESA 2014) [2] Md. Moyeed Abrar, Rajendra.R.Patil, Logic Gate Based Automatic Water Level Controller, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eissn: pissn: Web site: [3] Pranav Rameshji Rokde, Wireless Water Level Indicator Without MCU, Available at Web site: 366