Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) Bob Chen UMassBoston

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1 Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) Bob Chen UMassBoston

2 Initial Observations Von Kurt Kalle, 1949 (Fluorescence) Bricaud, 1981 (Absorption Spectrum) Chen, 1992 (Ocean FDOM Cycle) Coble, 1996 (EEMS)

3 Fluorescence of Seawater

4 Jablonski Diagram

5 Spectra Rochelle-Newall & Fisher, 2002 Hoge, Vodacek and Blough, 1993

6 Seawater Excitation-Emission Matrix (EEM)

7 Humic EEM

8 You can see it

9 Distributions Varies in surface waters Chen, 1992

10 Fluorescence vs. Absorbance

11 Northern Gulf of Mexico including Mississippi River Plume

12 US Estuaries-CDOM

13 What is it? Melanoidins (Proteins and Carbohydrates) Humics (Degradation Products) Flavins and Pterins (coral natural products) Lignin Phenols

14 Chemical Characterization Isolation Humics HMW DOM NMR IR MS 1-30% DOM???

15 Ocean Distribution Yamashita and Tanoue, 2008

16 Pacific Ocean Yamashita and Tanoue, 2008

17 Why do we care?

18 Why do we care? Inherent optical properties of seawater See bottom, subs Remote sensing of Chl Light availability for primary productivity Energy Budget Proxy for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) Trace freshwater DOM in coastal ocean High resolution Trace other CDOM sources Biogeochemical processes Photochemistry

21 Labile vs Refractory LMW vs HMW Photo reactive

22 Sources

23 Sources Soils Plants Wetlands Phytoplankton Zooplankton Sediments Diagenesis (humification, photo/bio processes) Photolytic release from particles

24 Rivers

27 Arctic Rivers Terrestrial biomarkers Walker et al., 2009

28 Conservative Mixing CDOM vs Salinity

29 Parker River Estuary, Plum Island Ecosystems LTER July 50% In Situ August 70% In Situ September 89% In Situ

30 Apalachicola Bay

37 Miss 07--Sub-Surface CDOM Production =15% of River

40 Phytoplankton Cultures Not proportional to Chl or cell counts Microbial source Rochelle-Newell & Fisher, 2002

41 Hudson River Estuary Hackensack Manhattan Newark Bay Raritan Staten Island

42 Hudson River Estuary June, 2004 (Sewage) Raritan Hudson Schmutz? Port Richmond Sewage Outfall

43 CDOM Sinks Photodegradation Microbial degradation Photo/Bio degradation Aggregation/sinking

44 Flocculation

45 Incubations

46 Plume CDOM Degradation (Hudson) Wei Huang, 2010

47 Incubation Unfiltered, clear bottle incubations The DOC lost during incubation includes the addition from phytoplankton production, bacterial degradation and photochemical transformation.

48 Biological combined with photochemical degradation Miller and Moran, 1997

49 Possible Sources and Sinks Photochemical Transformation Bacterial Degradation Flocculation Phytoplankton Production Addition from marsh, sewage et al.

50 What application could you use CDOM measurements for? Draw a Concept Map CDOM in the middle What are the connections? What are the major concepts? Design a research project based on your knowledge of CDOM

51 Arctic Ocean Tracing terrestrial inputs into the ocean Walker et al., 2009

52 PARAFAC Principle Components 3-9 components Excitation and Emission (Contours) >60 samples Walker et al., 2009

53 Coastal Dynamics Time Series Sensor Networks Models

54 60 m resolution 72 hour prediction Boston Harbor

55 Hudson River Estuary June, 2004 (Sewage) Raritan Hudson Schmutz? Port Richmond Sewage Outfall

56 Model with schmutz : Possibly associated with Port Richmond POTW

57 CDOM added to existing observatory/predictive physical model High resolution measurements groundtruth model Modeling-Summary New sources and source strengths can be discovered Boston Harbor is being modeled as well Blumberg and Geogas, unpubl.