Progress of China s SCP Indicators. By Shaofeng Chen. Institute of Policy and Management Chinese Academy of Sciences November 8, 2013

Transcription

1 Progress of China s SCP Indicators By Shaofeng Chen Institute of Policy and Management Chinese Academy of Sciences November 8, 2013

2 Outline Theoretical foundation for China s SCP indicators Basic framework for China s SCP indicators Project Outputs Next steps

3 Theoretical foundation for China s SCP indicators Definition revisited Defined in different ways, SCP seeks to balance socioeconomic development and resources and environmental protection As Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (JPOI) put it, Decoupling as the main goals of SCP is to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation and to promote the social and economic development within the carrying capacity of ecosystems by improving the efficiency and sustainability of resource use and production process

4 Theoretical foundation for China s SCP indicators Three Inverted U Shape Curves hypothesis and its relation to decoupling based IPAT (concept model of SCP) In general, with the economic development and over time, environmental impact in the long run successively follows three inverted U shape or undergoes three peaks : inverted-u shape curve or peak of environmental impacts per unit of GDP inverted-u shape curve or peak of environmental impacts per capita inverted-u shape curve or peak of total environmental impacts curve or peak

5 Relationships of the three Inverted U Shape Curves to Decoupling

6 Theoretical foundation for China s SCP indicators Conceptual framework of policy intervention for China s SCP indicators developed Transition towards sustainable consumption and production patterns is, in essence, a process for the self regulation and good interactions among the actions of government, businesses and general public. Government actions are mainly reflected in leveraging policy tools to regulate, intervene and guide the awareness and behaviors of businesses and the general public so as to lead the overall social and economic systems along the pathway of sustainable development To better link policy instruments and SCP objectives, a conceptual model of SCP policy intervention developed, that is awarenessbehavior-process-effect model The Conceptual Model focuses on the feedback loop of awareness decides behavior, behavior changes process, process affects the effect and effect triggers response

7 Theoretical foundation for China s SCP indicators Conceptual framework of policy intervention for China s SCP indicators awareness change provides precondition and basis for SCP Behavior adjustment is core or key to achieving SCP Process control serves as the link of SCP Objectives and targets guide the development of SCP Policy instruments Awareness Behavior Process Effects Awareness Behavior Process Objectiv change adjustmen control es and Conceptual model of SCP policy intervention

8 Basic framework for China s SCP indicators Basic framework for China s SCP indicators established Regulatory framework for China s SCP indicators Principles of China s SCP indicators Basic framework for SCP indicators China s SCP indicator set (almost 400 indicators)

9 Production field Sustainable consumption and Production Distribution field Circulation field Consumption field Policy intervention Micro -level Producer awareness and behaviors Environmental awareness Products development Technical development Consumer awareness and behaviors Environmental awareness Consumption preferences Consumption behaviors adjustment Awareness and behavior Industrial products and Meso -level techniques Industrial structure and organization Industrial growth pattern Industrial eco-efficiency consumption level consumption structure consumption pattern Consumption eco- efficiency Process Control Industrial resource consumption Domestic resource consumption and pollutant emissions and pollutant emissions Macro -level Improving efficiency Eco-efficiency of macro-economy Resource consumption and pollutant Targets and effects Per capita or totality Control and emissions per capita or total resource consumption and pollutant emissions of macro-economy reduction Carrying Capacity of resource and environment Regulatory framework of sustainable consumption and production

10 Principles of China s SCP indicators Micro-level VS meso- and macro-level Firms, individual Industry Country Target-oriented VS Process oriented Targets and effects indicators Behavior and process indicators Efficiency improvement VS Total control Efficiency indicators Per capita and absolute indicators TOP-Down VS Bottom UP play the role of government in guiding and regulating participation and cooperation of businesses and general public

11 Basic framework for China s SCP Indicators indicator policy awareness and process objectives and targets-based intervention- behavior control- Field based adjustmentbased efficiency based percapita total amount Production system Consumption system / / / / / / / / / / / / Macroeconomy / / / / / /

12 Classifications of SCP indicators SCP monitoring indicators can be divided into different types of indicators: Indicators of policy intervention are mainly applied to monitor and evaluate the completeness or soundness of the policy environment in China in promoting SCP Indicators of awareness and behavior adjustment are mainly used to demonstrate the progress of the awareness and behaviors of producers, consumers and other economic entities at micro level towards contributing to SCP or towards SCP, and to show the greening degree of their awareness and behaviors Indicators of process control are mainly used to demonstrate the greenness of industry and social consumption processes at meso level, including consumption structure, technology, and growth patterns Indicators of objectives and targets are mainly employed to demonstrate the progress towards SCP objectives

13 China s SCP indicators sets indicators of objectives and targets area indicator of policy intervention indicators of aw areness change and behavior adjustment indicators of process control efficiency or intensity- per-capita based absolute or total amount-based the proportion of agricultural enterprises w hich have passed green product certification; number of ecological agriculture counties/areas and the eco-parks, number of tow ns w ith The proportion of output value of beautiful environment. Total investment in environmental Use of per unit value of farming industry in total output value infrastructure in rural areas and per-capita investment for rural agricultural output in Agriculture use in energy, of agriculture; agricultural multiple residents; biogas production and amount per household for rural energy, w ater w ater resources, land cropping index; the proportion of Per-capita use in energy, w ater residents; the number and the average amount of solar w ater resources, land resources, chemical fertilizers, Sustainable agricultural green products output value in resources, land resources, chemical heater, solar housing area, and solar cooker; organic crops resources, chemical pesticides, and plastic film; production- related regulating agricultural output value; fertilizers, pesticides, and plastic film planting area and its proportion of agricultural land area; w atersaving irrigation area and the proportion; area of farmlands and plastic thin-film; ammonia nitrogen, CO2 or other fertilizers, pesticides agricultural emissions of COD, tools, economic or marketbased tools, information tool, products in energy, w ater resources, emission of COD, ammonia nitrogen, consumption per unit of agricultural in agricultural areas; per-capita applying soil testing technology and its percentage to cultivated emissions of COD, CO2, greenhouse gases; area of voluntary tools chemical fertilizer and pesticide; CO2 or greenhouse gases; per-capita land area; w astew ater treatment rate of livestock and poultry ammonia nitrogen and degraded agricultural land; consumption of per-unit cultivated forest area and stock volume breeding enterprises; area of returning farmland to forest and other greenhouse gases forest area and forest stock area in energy, w ater resources, grassland; area for land degradation control ; comprehensive per unit of agricultural volume chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and utilization of crop straw ; proportion of institution villages output value plastic thin- film undergoing comprehensive control and improvement of rural environment; the total area and the per capita area of afforestation Proportion of green product purchasing expenditure in the proportion of output government procurement expenditure; percentage of industrial values/energy consumption for six enterprises passing the ISO14001 environmental management industries w ith high energy system certification; percentage of leaders in industrial consumption (electric pow er, steel, enterprises above designated size w ho have undergone training building materials, nonferrous metal, on clean production; percentage of industrial enterprises above chemical and petrochemical designated size w hich have passed audit on clean production; industries) in total industrial output percentage of enterprises w hich have released environmental values/energy consumption; energy consumption, reports; number of eco-industrial parks. proportion of investment proportion of export value for the w ater consumption, The regulating tools related to by medium and large-sized enterprises in terms of R&D of green products w ith high energy material consumption, Industrial use of energy, w ater, industrial sustainable technology or products in the sales revenue of the enterprises; consumption in that of industrial ozone depleting Per-capita industrial energy materials (15 kinds of mineral production (law s, regulations, proportion of the investment by enterprises in terms of pollution products; major industrial sectors substances, land use consumption, w ater consumption, resources), ozone depleting standards), economic or control projects in industrial output; proportion of investment in concentration degree; proportion of per-unit of industrial material, ozone depleting substances, substances, and land; market-based tools terms of renew able energy in investment of energy; proportion of outdated capacity or overcapacity in added value; emission and land use; per-capita industrial industrial emissions of solid (investment, taxation, credit, renew able energy in the total energy production; industrial w ater major industrial sectors; the of industrial solid w aste, emissions of solid w aste, hazardous w aste, hazardous w aste, price, purchasing), information recycling rate; comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid proportion of output values of hazardous w aste, w aste, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, industrial sulfur dioxide, tool (education, training, w astes; comprehensive utilization rate of w aste heat in pow er industrial products w ith energy sulfur dioxide, nitrogen carbon dioxide, dust, heavy metals, nitrogen oxides, carbon publicity), voluntary generation, industrial by-product gas recovery and utilization rate, saving and environmental protection oxides, carbon dioxide, COD and ammonia nitrogen dioxide, smoke and dust, heavy instruments (environmental proportion of pow er generation w ith pure low temperature w aste in the total industrial output values; dust, heavy metals, metals, COD, ammonia nitrogen labeling). heat in cement kiln, proportion of pow er generation w ith w aste proportion of output values of ecoindustrial parks in total industrial nitrogen per-unit of COD, and ammonia production area heat in glass production lines, rate of utilizing residual heat and pressure for pow er generation by medium and large-sized output values; energy consumption of industrial added value enterprises in iron and steel industry; rate of recycling electronic major products w ith per-unit high w aste; rate of recycling non-ferrous metal; the rate of recycling energy consumption(thermal pow er iron and steel; rate of popularizing coke dry quenching and coal consumption, iron and steel, technology in iron and steel industry; rate of recycling paper and electrolytic aluminum, cement, paperboard; rate of disposing and reusing industrial hazardous ethylene, synthetic ammonia, paper w aste; rate of treating industrial sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and paperboard) ; conversion nitrogen oxides, dust, heavy metals, COD, ammonia nitrogen efficiency of energy processing. material (cement, steel, Green building- related sandstone, w ood, etc.), regulatory tools (law s, energy and w ater regulations, standards), proportion of investment in terms of green buildings in total Proportion of areas of green buildings consumption per-unit energy, w ater, and material economic or market based investment of buildings; rate of reusing w aste buildings and in new construction areas; the plot added value of energy, w ater resources and material consumption of buildings ; total tools (investment, taxation, building w astes; rate of using hollow bricks in new buildings; rate ratio of buildings; energy, material, construction sector ; consumption per capita building; land amount of land use for credit, price, procurement), of expanding energy-saving electric appliances in public and w ater consumption per unit of land use per unit added use area per capita building; Carbon buildings; carbon dioxide information tool (education, buildings; rate of expanding w ater-saving appliances in public construction area; buildings average value of construction dioxide emissions per capita building emissions of buildings training, communications), buildings life; sector; carbon dioxide voluntary tools (environmental emissions per unit labeling). added value of construction sector Energy consumption per unit added value in transportation; freight traffic energy conservation turnover and passenger Transportation energy and emissions reductionrelated regulatory tools vehicles ow ned by each 10,000 added value in transportation ; Per capita freight Number of public transportation turnover per unit of per capita energy consumption in The total size of investment in public transport and per capita consumption; transportation investment size; proportion of investment in terms of electric car freight turnover and passenger (law s, regulations, people ; size of the electric cars and transportation; land use turnover and passenger turnover in infrastructure in public transport investment; proportion of turnover; land use area or standards), economic, or hybrid cars and per capita quantity; area or road area per transportation; per capita land use intelligent transportation investment in public transport investment road area in transportation; market-based instruments Intelligent transportation system unit added value in area or road area in transportation; ; proportion of population using public transportation means ; size pollutant emissions including (investment, finance and tax, netw ork s coverage rate; transportation ; per capita emissions including of electric bicycle and proportion of electric bicycle travel ; size nitrogen oxides, smoke and credit, price, procurement), comprehensive energy consumption emissions including nitrogen oxides, smoke and dust, and proportion of household small cars ; proportion of travelling dust, carbon monoxide and information tools (education, of railw ay freight, and truck fuel nitrogen oxides, smoke carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, by bike in dow ntow n areas carbon dioxide in training, publicity), voluntary consumption (oil equivalent/ton-km) and dust, carbon etc in transportation transportation, etc tools (environment labeling). monoxide and carbon dioxide, etc per unit of the added value in transportation Per-capita spending in the cities; proportion of consumer spending on food in the total consumer spending, proportion of consumer spending on energy or electricity Number of environmental protection campaigns per 10,000 people meat, egg, milk and poultry products consumption per unit of sustainable consumptionrelated regulatory tools number of environmental new s per 10,000 people; rate of proportion of clothing expenditure in life ; total w ater use per consumption in life ; Total and the number of people involved in environmental education; in the total consumer spending, consumer spending in Total amount of energy Per-capita energy consumption in life ; (law s, regulations, environmental information disclosure ; urban gas penetration rate; consumer spending; proportion of unit of consumer amount of electricity Per-capita electricity consumption in standards), economic, or urban w ater penetration rate; proportion of sales of detergents living expenditure in the consumer spending in life; consumption in life; Total life; Per-capita w ater use in life; Percapita use of detergents; per-capita market-based instruments w ithout phosphorus in the sales of detergents; household spending; the proportion of spending transport volume of amount of w ater use in life; (investment, finance and tax, penetration rate of energy efficient appliances ; family on durable goods in consumer domestic garbage per Total amount of use of consumption area transport volume of domestic garbage credit, price, procurement), penetration rate of w ater-saving appliances; proportion of homes spending, proportion of spending on unit of consumer detergents; total transport in life ; per-capita emissions of information tools (education, for garbage rating; the average number of cars per hundred traffic and communication in spending in life ; volume of domestic garbage in pollutants (including sulfur dioxide, training, publicity), voluntary urban residents, rate of urban domestic sew age treatment; rate consumer spending; the proportion emissions of pollutants life ; total emissions of smoke and dust, COD and ammonia tools (environment labelling). of reusing urban recycled domestic w ater; rate of hazard-free of spending on cultural and (including sulfur dioxide, pollutants (including sulfur nitrogen) in life treatment of urban domestic garbage educational entertainment in smoke and dust, COD dioxide, smoke and dust, COD consumer spending; the proportion of and ammonia nitrogen) and ammonia nitrogen) in life spending on health care in consumer per unit of consumer spending; fuel consumption of spending in life; household cars per hundred kilometers ; energy consumption per unit of residential area Proportion of government green procurement expenditure in fiscal expenditure ; overall size of the w hole society s green investment energy, w ater,, the per-capita green investment and proportion of green construction land area, investment in total investment of the w hole society; percentage of material consumption industrial enterprises w hich have passed the ISO14001 Proportion of industrial added value in Total amount of energy, w ater, (including steel, cement, environmental management system certification; proportion of GDP; proportion of output value for Per-capita energy, w ater, construction land area, material commonly used nonferrous metals), paper sustainable consumption and industrial enterprises above designated size w hich have passed energy-intensive industries in total construction land area, material consumption (including steel, production- related regulatory audit on cleaner production; proportion of enterprises w hich have industrial output value ; proportion of consumption (including steel, cement, cement, commonly used nonferrous metals), paper and and cardboard, the tools (law s, regulations, released the environmental reports ; proportion of primary and the added value of energy commonly used non-ferrous metals), ozone layer depleting standards), economic, or secondary schools w hich have actually opened courses on conservation and environmental paper and cardboard, the ozone layer cardboard, the ozone layer substances macro-economic market-based instruments ecological and environmental protection; number of ecoagriculture, eco-provinces, eco-cities and eco-counties; number protection industry in GDP; energy depleting substances consumption ; depleting substances consumption per unit of area (investment, finance and tax, consumption of main energyintensive products ( coal capita emissions of sulfur dioxide, turnover ; total emissions of per-capita freight turnover ; per- consumption ; total freight GDP ; freight turnover credit, price, procurement), of eco-industrial parks ; number of environmental protection model per unit of GDP; information tools (education, cities, and tow ns w ith beautiful environment ; comprehensive consumption by thermal pow er nitrogen oxides, smoke and dust, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, emissions of sulfur training, publicity), voluntary utilization rate of straw s in agriculture; rate of Industrial w ater generation and pow er supply, iron carbon dioxide, heavy metals, COD, smoke and dust, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, tools (environment labelling). recycling; comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid w aste ; and steel, electrolytic aluminum, ammonia nitrogen, and industrial solid dioxide, heavy metals, COD, smoke and dust, carbon rate of electronic w aste recycling; proportion of renew able cement, ethylene, ammonia, paper w aste ammonia nitrogen, and dioxide, heavy metals, energy consumption in the total energy consumption; rate of nonferrous metals recycling; rate of iron and steel recycling ; rate of and industrial solid and cardboard) industrial solid w aste COD, ammonia nitrogen, paper and cardboard recycling; rate of treating sulfur dioxide, w aste per unit of GDP nitrogen oxides; smoke and dust in industry; rate of disposing

14 Project Outputs Report on China s Country-specific Indicator System for Measuring Sustainable Consumption and Production(both in Chinese and English) Workshop on China s Country-specific Indicator System for Measuring Sustainable Consumption and Production (24 September 2013, Beijing, China)

15 Next steps Objective: Forming SCP indicator system in China and suggestions to NDRC or other related Ministries or governmental departments Activities Further perfection of theory and framework of SCP indicators Based on suggestions from experts participating in the workshop on China s Country-specific Indicator System for Measuring Sustainable Consumption and Production held in Sep 24 in Beijing

16 Next steps Simplifying the SCP indicators in China Reducing to less than 40 indicators, ideally indicators (National) Forming SCP indictors at industrial or sectoral level if necessary Consulting to different governmental department

17 Next steps Selecting monitoring and evaluation methods based on China s SCP indicators Assessing the existing methods related to multiindicators evaluation Selecting methodology or approach suitable for characteristics of China s SCP indicators

18 Next steps Application of China s SCP indicators National level (assessing SCP progress) City level (such as Beijing, Shanghai,Tianjin) Regional level ( typical regions, such as East China, mid-china, West China and provinces) Industry or sectoral level

19 Next steps Policy suggestions to governmental departments Based on empirical or application results Suggests to National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) Suggests to Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) Suggests to Other governmental departments

20 Thank you for your attention!