Gasification of Renewable Feedstocks for the Production of Synfuels and 2nd Generation Biofuels

Transcription

1 Gasification of Renewable Feedstocks for the Production of Synfuels and 2nd Generation Biofuels Dr. A. Günther, Lurgi GmbH Congresso ECOGERMA 2011 AHK Brazil Sao Paulo, Brazil,

2 Time scale of different biofuel generations Time to market: Today + 5 years + 10 years Generation: 1stG & G1.5 2ndG 3rdG Stage: Industrial Demo Lab-scale Products: Bio-Diesel Bio-Ethanol from starch Hydrogenation of veg. oil (Pyrolysis, Torrefaction) + gasification + synthesis Bio-Refinery Algae Lignocelluloses Green H2 Characterization: Oil, fats and carbohydrates Food vs. fuel Green Carbon Biomass - nonfood Green Molecules Advanced Feedstock / Technology H 2 H 2 O 2 H 2 2

3 Billion Tons Motivation - Why talk about 2nd Generation Biofuels? Feedstock Availability and GHG-Saving Availability 3.9 billion tons of crude oil were delivered in 2008 (BP) 1.31 billion tons of middle distillate based transport fuels were delivered in 2008 ( IEA ) 100 Crude Oil Middle Dist Fats & Veg Oil Production in GHG emissions saving Mineral oil Conventional ethanol Up to ~50% reduction 1 st G Conventional biodiesel Exemplary Cellulose ethanol (logen) ~90%reduction CO 2 neutral 2 nd G BTL Approx billion tons (USDA) of fats and vegetable oils were produced in 2008, ~90% of which are used for food TARGETS: EU renewable energy directive Bioethanol, Biodiesel, hydro treating of natural oils: As only the crops are used and not the whole plant, -> there is worldwide a limitation of raw materials 50% min. from > Biomass will multiply worldwide the feedstock potential compared to biodiesel and bioethanol higher yield per hectare / utilization of residues 35% min. from

4 There is a huge potential for biomass (BTL) Biomass Potential for 2050 by regions in million barrels per day oil equivalent North America 18 South America 6 W. Europe E. Europe 2 Middle East & N. Africa 1 Sub-Saharan Africa CIS & Baltic States 38 East Asia 10 South Asia 1 Japan Oceania Worldwide Bioenergy potential: ~170 MBDOE Conservative case 4 Source of data: Cane Resources Network for SA, 2008 / Smeets et al 2007 (scenario with low agricultural intensity considered)

5 Exemplary calculation to show potential Converting biomass into 2nd G biofuel Biomass available Available Biomass* in MBDOE BTL-production, Mio. Tons/y Assumption utilization at 10% (13%), efficiency conversion 40% (30%) Share of total Diesel demand, % Western Europe ~ 6 ~ US ~ 18 ~ South America ~ 41 ~ Total World ~ 170 ~ *Assumption based on biomass study, conservative case considered and only 10% BM-utilization for BTL production Even with a conservative approach (extensive farming & forestry) ~15 % of global demand could be based on renewable feedstock In certain regions blending regulations might require imports For logistic reasons, 2nd G should ideally happen in geographies with tropical / equatorial climates or in regions with intensive wood industry Special case Brazil: besides the outstanding production rate of conventional first generation Bioethanol Brazil has in addition a large potential in future for the conversion of excess bagasse and residual biomass to produce value products like synthetic fuels and green chemicals -> Challenge: distributed biomass Source: *Cane Resources Network for SA,

6 The Slurry Gasification Concept Energy density [GJ/m 3 ] Distributed biomass Energy plants worldwide Transportation Radius Straw: ~ % 25 km Slurry: ~20 Regional intermediate fuel production regionale Pyrolyse- Anlagen ~80% Diesel: ~36 ~40% Zentraler Central syngas and fuel production 250 km or Overseas! Source: FZK 6

7 Development with KIT 2nd G biofuel Bioliq : The thermo-chemical route Focus: Demonstration of pyrolysis and gasification of bio-mass km In by truck Out Biomass Fast Fast Fast Fast Pyrolysis units units units High Temp. Gasification Syngas Cleaning Synthesis step Chemicals Synfuels O 2 Preferably from agricultural by products Decentralized Bio Syncrude Production Centralized Synfuels Production Joint Development by Lurgi & KIT*; sponsored by FNR** 7 * KIT Karlsruhe Insitute of Technology ** FNR: Fachagentur für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe

8 BURE - 2 nd G biofuel demonstrator Bio Rectisol Diesel/ Kerosene Project of CEA 8

9 2nd Generation biofuel via bioliq -> Following slides: Status and details of bioliq pilot plant Biomass Fast Pyrolysis High Temp. Gasification Syngas Cleaning Synthesis step Chemicals Synfuels Technology by Lurgi 9

10 bioliq I fast pyrolysis Plant data Fast pyrolysis of biomass in LR-mixer process with hot sand 500 kg/h feed of air dry shredded straw (or other biomass) High yield of liquid products (25% tar oil, 30% condensate) and solid products (25% char) containing >85% of energy Project data Start of project: 06/2006 Mechanical completion: 07/2007 commissioning Take over of plant (KIT): 07/2008 operational tests, training Start of test campaigns with biomass: 04/

11 bioliq I fast pyrolysis Process Heat carrier loop with mechanically fluidized bed High heating rate Products: liquids (oil + aqueous condensate) + char to suspension biosyncrude Nat. gas 11

12 bioliq I fast pyrolysis Achievements 7 campaigns (5d/campaign) 570 h operation heat carrier loop 31 h biomass input (ca kg) 7500 kg preliminary products ~ 2300 kg taroil, ~ 3200 kg aqueous condensate, ~ 2000 kg char 12

13 bioliq I fast pyrolysis First results preliminary mass balances in accordance with expectations low degradation of heat carrier preliminary analysis of products Remaining tasks Improved continuous operation Analysis of final products Preparation of slurry (biosyncrude) for gasification Investigation of different feedstocks Bagasse is an very interesting feedstock. Due to the excess and pre-collected availability our decentralized concept would fit to produce an intermediate product for further gasification. 13

14 bioliq II EF gasification Plant data Pressurized EF gasifier 5 MW / 1000 kg/h nominal feed Production of syngas for synthesis of biofuel Project data Start of project: 12/2008 Mechanical completion: scheduled 08/2011 Test run: scheduled 05/

15 bioliq II EF gasification Process EF-gasification of biosyncrude slagging mode, full quench to synthesis 15

16 bioliq II EF gasification Challenges Wide range and partially extreme values of feedstock properties (13-25 MJ/kg, <0,9%Cl, <40% solids) operation at 40 and 80 bar Features Modular design providing high flexibility (2 burners, 2 cooling screens, different quench mode) Direct access to reaction chamber at 40 bar (for e.g. probe sampling, optical measurement) Robust design and material selection 16

17 bioliq II EF gasification

18 Summary Critical Success Factors Secure long-term framework for BTL Tax exemption for biofuels; long-term security for advanced fuels Direct investment support Retailers obligation / certificates for CO 2 reduction Obtain credit for higher CO 2 avoidance for BTL -> Biofuels will continue to be part of the energy mix <- Lurgi is well-positioned in 1st gen biofuels and is focusing on 2 nd G due to significant CO 2 savings, biomass availability and its potential. Lurgi is part of demonstration units with high visibility: Joint development and cooperation with KIT for challenging 2 nd G process (bioliq ) Lurgi is able to provide industry-adapted solution (full chain) and has a unique position based on proprietary technologies (proven and under development) 18

19 Questions? 19