Analysis of product distribution and characteristics of bio-oil and bio-char from fast pyrolysis of date palm tree waste

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1 Engineering Conferences International ECI Digital Archives Biochar: Production, Characterization and Applications Proceedings Analysis of product distribution and characteristics of bio-oil and bio-char from fast pyrolysis of date palm tree waste Yassir Makkawi American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates Paul Nancarrow American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates Ahmed El Sharkawy American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates Tony Bridgwater Aston University, United Kingdom Scott Banks Aston University, United Kingdom See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Yassir Makkawi, Paul Nancarrow, Ahmed El Sharkawy, Tony Bridgwater, Scott Banks, and Stuart Jones, "Analysis of product distribution and characteristics of bio-oil and bio-char from fast pyrolysis of date palm tree waste" in "Biochar: Production, Characterization and Applications", Franco Berruti, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada Raffaella Ocone, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK Ondrej Masek, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Eds, ECI Symposium Series, (2017). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Proceedings at ECI Digital Archives. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biochar: Production, Characterization and Applications by an authorized administrator of ECI Digital Archives. For more information, please contact

2 Authors Yassir Makkawi, Paul Nancarrow, Ahmed El Sharkawy, Tony Bridgwater, Scott Banks, and Stuart Jones This article is available at ECI Digital Archives:

3 Analysis of product distribution and characterization of bio-oil and bio-char from fast pyrolysis of date palm waste Yassir Makkawi Department of Chemical Engineering American University of Sharjah, UAE

4 American University of Sharjah, UAE European Bioenergy Research Institute, Aston University, UK

5 Introduction and objective This presentation is divided into three parts: Chemical analysis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) waste. Experiment on pyrolysis of the waste in a 1 kg/h bubbling fluidized bed reactor. Characterization of the pyrolysis products, with focus on the bio-char.

6 Motivation of the study Leaves 120 million trees worldwide Stem 80% is in the MENA region Waste per tree is kg. Waste disposed by landfill and uncontrolled combustion Fruit bunch Advantages Sustainability in harsh climatic High efficiency in resource utilization High nutritional value of date fruit Long productive life Helpful in reducing desertification risks

7 Preparation of the feedstock Waste collected during the cultivation and trimming season in summer 2016 from various trees at the AUS campus. Subjected to open air sun drying (40 o C) Chopped to small pieces then grinded and sieved

8 Pyrolysis experiment 10.0 Pyrolysis gas + char Biomass + N o C N Fluidized bed reactor

9 Characteristics of the feedstock Proximate, CHNSO and HV High ash content Some reports 1.3% No significant differences between the various parts of the waste High ash content, much higher than most of the woody biomass. The sulfur content in the leaves is the highest, but still remains low compared to majority of the energy crops (eg. willow ~ 0.35 wt%).

10 Comparison with other feedstocks High oxygen and ash Very similar to Banana leaves

11 Product distribution

12 Characteristics of the Bio-char High oxygen Potentially suitable for combustion application Relatively, high Ca and K. Worth investigating as a fertilizer or as a catalyst/co 2 capture material.

13 CHNSO and O:C and H:C ratios High carbon and oxygen content, almost same as in the feed. Data sitting far away in the Van Krevelen diagram. High O:C ratio, suggesting lower stability of bio-char.

14 Conclusions No significant differences between the various parts of the plant in terms of chemical composition, thermal behaviour and pyrolysis products. Very high ash content, particularly in the leaves Great similarity with banana leaves in terms of feedstock and pyrolysis products. Bio-char has high Oxygen content, suggesting poor stability. Bio-char worth investigating as a catalyst or CO 2 capturing material in biomass gasification.

15 Acknowledgement American University of Sharjah (UAE) Paul Nancarrow (Project Co-I) Yehya El Sayed (GC-MS analysis) European Bioenergy Research Institute, (Aston University) Tony Bridgwater (Project Co-I) Scott Banks (Pyrolysis experiment) Steve Jones (HV analysis)