Ground-source heat pump systems, the European experience

Transcription

1 8 th LGA Conference , Vilnius Ground-source heat pump systems, the European experience with focus on Geotrainet, training and education for shallow geothermal professionals Dr. Burkhard Sanner, Brüssel

2 EU RES Directive Geothermal Energy for the first time clearly defined within a piece of EU-legislation valid for all 27 EU Member states! The following definitions also apply: (c) geothermal energy means energy stored in the form of heat beneath the surface of solid earth; Taip pat taikomos tokios sąvokų apibrėžtys:: (c) geoterminė energija šilumos energija, susikaupusi po kietuoju žemės sluoksniu; EU Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from Renewable Energy Sources

3 Geothermal Energy for Heating Geothermal heating capacity installed capacity (MW) Sweden Germany Turkey Iceland France Switzerland Italy Norway Austria Hungary Poland Denmark UK Romania shallow GSHP others deep deep Agri-/Aquaculture deep Balneological deep DH+heating Installed heating capacity, after data from WGC 2010 Ireland Greece Slovakia Netherland Slovenia Serbia Bulgaria Croatia Lithuania Macedonia Portugal Bosn-Herzg Spain Albania

4 Shallow Geothermal Energy The various shallow geothermal methods horizontal loops m depth borehole heat exchangers m depth (BHE, vertical loops) energy piles 8-45 m depth ground water wells 4-50 m depth water from mines and tunnels Rohre in Graben Verteiler im Haus BHE Grundwasserspiegel Pumpe Serienschaltung Groundwater wells Heat pumps are required to use the heat at low, but constant temperatures => GSHP

5 GSHP in Europe current status All material for GSHP today readily available from manufacturers Borehole heat exchanger (BHE, right) Austria Material for BHE and grouting on site (below) Germany France Brine-water heat pumps

6 GSHP in Europe current status Drilling equipment in various countries Portugal Hungary Germany Switzerland Romania Sweden

7 GSHP in Europe current status design Map prepared by BRGM for the Geotrainet project Climatic and geological conditions throughout Europe are varying wideley Also economic circumstances and traditional construction methods are rather different

8 GSHP in Europe current status design Subsurface investigation for planning: TRT-equipment in various countries Germany Sweden Finland Spain Greece

9 GSHP in Europe current status design Widely accepted GSHP design rules and methods Calculation with simple software (EED, below) or numerical simulation (right) Fluid temperature [ºC] JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Year 25 Base load Peak cool load Peak heat load

10 GSHP in Europe current status design Example of large project from Germany: DFS Langen Low-Energy-Office with slab heating, built 2001 Section of office level

11 GSHP in Europe current status design Example of large project from Germany: DFS Langen 154 borehole heat exchangers First TRT in Germany in 1999 for design of this plant

12 GSHP in Europe current status design Example of large project from Germany: DFS Langen BHE-submanifold (below) and heat pumps (right)

13 GSHP in Europe current status design Example of large project from Germany: DFS Langen 154 borehole heat exchangers MWh / month ground heat extraction ground heat injection MWh/a for cooling MWh/a for heating MWh/a for cooling MWh/a for heating Heat extracted from and injected into the ground, MWh/a for cooling MWh/a for heating MWh/a for cooling MWh/a for heating Validation of EED

14 GSHP in Europe current status design Example of large project from Germany: DFS Langen 154 borehole heat exchangers Ambient air BHE in field, at 35 m depth mean value fluid at building mean value fluid calcul. EED Temperature ( C) Validation of EED Measured and calculated temperatures (EED), base load

15 GSHP in Europe current status design Example of large project from Germany: DFS Langen 154 borehole heat exchangers BHE in field, at 35 m depth mean value fluid calcul. EED fluid peak cooling calc. EED fluid peak heat calcul. EED Temperature ( C) Validation of EED Measured and calculated temperatures (EED), daily peaks

16 EU RES Directive EU Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from Renewable Energy Sources Publication in the OJ on 5 June 2009 Member states had to submit the National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAP) until June last NREAP submitted in summer In total, 20 % RES will be achieved according to NREAPs

17 EU RES Directive Main topics for geothermal: Article 3: Mandatory national overall targets and measures for the use of energy from renewable sources 1. Each Member State shall ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources, calculated in accordance with Articles 5 to 11, in gross final consumption of energy in 2020 is at least its national overall target for the share of energy from renewable sources in that year, as set out in the third column of the table in part A of Annex I. Article 5: Calculation of the share of energy from renewable sources (rules for calculation of heat pumps in Annex VII, to be adjusted by Eurostat) Article 13: Administrative procedures, regulations and codes Article 14: Information and training

18 EU RES Directive Lithuanian NREAP submitted in time

19 EU RES Directive Geothermal Heat in Lithuanian NREAP heat production (ktoe) % of total renewable heat in 2020 (1051 ktoe) (geothermal) heat pumps deep geothermal heat heat pumps in REPAP roadmap No deep geothermal in REPAP roadmap!

20 EU RES Directive Geothermal Heat (GSHP) in the NREAPs 1200 UK SE FI Ktoe FR IT DE NL DK CZ IE GR SP SI AT LU LT SK LV CY

21 EU RES Directive EU Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from Renewable Energy Sources Art. 14: 3. Member States shall ensure that certification schemes or equivalent qualification schemes become or are available by 31 December 2012 for installers of small-scale biomass boilers and stoves, solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems, shallow geothermal systems and heat pumps. Those schemes may take into account existing schemes and structures as appropriate, and shall be based on the criteria laid down in Annex IV. Each Member State shall recognise certification awarded by other Member States in accordance with those criteria.

22 Certification An official document, issued by an awarding body, which recognises the achievements, knowledge, know-how, skills and/or competences of an installer following an assessment and validation against a predefined standard. (Glossary of Qualicert-Manuals) Qualicert: Common approach for certification or equivalent qualification of installers of smallscale renewable energy systems in buildings

23 Shallow Geothermal Training and Certification For a sustainable market, quality of material and services is paramount To guarantee the necessary knowledge and skills, training and certification has to be established Some countries have national schemes: Switzerland Germany Sweden The recently completed project GEOTRAINET (supported by IEE / EU) aimed at providing harmonised material and curricula GEOTRAINET is now in the process to set up an ongoing framework

24 Shallow Geothermal Training The aim of the project Geo-Education for a sustainable geothermal heating and cooling market, GEOTRAINET, was to develop the training of professionals involved in Ground Source Heat Pump installations (GSHP). From the different groups of professionals involved in a GSHP-project, the GEOTRAINET project was focused on two target groups: designers (who undertake feasibility studies including geology) drillers (who make the boreholes and insert the tubes). The project included the creation of an EU-wide certification scheme for both planners and installers of GSHP. From EU-project (funded by EACI) Since 2012 activity of associations EGEC and EFG

25 Shallow Geothermal Training GEOTRAINET project coordination with EFG, assisted by EGEC Partners were associations, research institutes and universities GT Skills Univ. Newcastle Univ. Lund Additional network of contacts from Portugal to Estonia and from Norway to Greece BRGM EFG EGEC Arsenal Research RGS U.P. Valencia More places for training / national contacts possible at later stage

26 Shallow Geothermal Training The following tasks were completed in GEOTRAINET: Research into data currently useful for GSHP installers Evaluate skills required to design, drill and install GSHP Create curricula for installers, designers and drillers Create training tools, test and optimization of the products (training courses, e-learning) Suggest standards and codes to create a European market Propose a European certification framework

27 Shallow Geothermal Training The following tasks were completed in GEOTRAINET: Research into data currently useful for GSHP installers Evaluate skills required to design, drill and install GSHP Create curricula for installers, designers and drillers Create training tools, test and optimization of the products (training courses, e-learning) Suggest standards and codes to create a European market Propose a European certification framework Work done mainly in 2 expert panels (drillers, designers)

28 Shallow Geothermal Training GEOTRAINET 8 courses within the project in June 2009 Uppsala, SE Trainer (Designer/Driller) Sept Dublin, IE Driller March 2010 Peine, DE Trainer (Designer/Driller) April 2010 Orleans, FR Driller April 2010 Newcastle, UK Designer Juli 2010 Valencia, ES Designer Oct Bucharest, RO Designer/Driller Jan Brussels, BE Designer/Driller Courses supported by E-Learning Platform

29 Shallow Geothermal Training GEOTRAINET 8 courses within the project in June 2009 Uppsala, SE Trainer (Designer/Driller) Sept Dublin, IE Driller March 2010 Peine, DE Trainer (Designer/Driller) April 2010 Orleans, FR Driller April 2010 Newcastle, UK Designer Juli 2010 Valencia, ES Designer Oct Bucharest, RO Designer/Driller Jan Brussels, BE Designer/Driller Uppsala, SE Courses supported by E-Learning Platform Newcastle, UK Peine, DE

30 Shallow Geothermal Training GEOTRAINET Training Manuals for Designers and for Drillers for download at:

31 Shallow Geothermal Training GEOTRAINET Official end of project Following months reporting and accounting Geotrainet-partners and other interested organisations met in Brussels on to discuss next steps Meeting to launch the European Training Board in the Renewable Energy House in Brussels, EU-countries represented:

32 Shallow Geothermal Training GEOTRAINET Suggested structure Training Certification European Training Board ETB European Education Committee ECB National Training Coordinator NTC/B NCC NTI NTI NTI

33 Shallow Geothermal Training GEOTRAINET next steps EGEC and EFG will create a legally independent association (asbl) in Brussels to provide the infrastructure This association will reside with EGEC in the Renewable Energy House, EGEC operates the secretariat Working groups were defined to review the curricula and adapt if necessary, and to draft the statutes for the ETB National Coordinators make arrangements with training institutions First courses could be organised in autumn 2012, existing programs can be included if they fulfil the Geotrainet minimum criteria

34 GSHP in Europe the Market Status of numbers of units and installed capacity in 2010 number MW th LT LV EE from: Heat Pump Barometer EUROBSERV ER September 2011

35 GSHP in Europe the Market Stagnating Market in numbers of units per year (<50 kw) Share of GSHP in total heat pump sales <25 % from: Heat Pump Barometer EUROBSERV ER September 2011

36 GSHP in Europe the Market Stagnating Market in numbers of units per year (<50 kw) Several factors contribute to poor market performance: - general economic situation - saturation in old markets - difficulties in new markets - regulatory barriers - etc. from: Heat Pump Barometer EUROBSERV ER September 2011

37 GSHP in Europe the Market Market penetration, example: new single-family houses in Germany 20% 18% 16% 14% Deutschland Hessen Share of GSHP in single-/double-family-houses in Germany (after Mands et al, 2008, and Rumohr, 2009) 12% Similar development in other countries, 10% e.g. Finland, Austria, Switzerland 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%

38 European Technology Platform The Common Vision of the relevant sectors is published, for the time horizon Official Presentation 5 May 2011 (available from website for download)

39 European Technology Platform Geothermal is well represented in the Common Vision overall scenario

40 European Technology Platform Towards 2050 Conference of ETP-RHC Copenhagen,

41 GSHP large projects Examples of large projects from Germany Heat pump and BHE manifold for county administration Gelnhausen (86 BHE) Drilling in granite for educational centre

42 GSHP large projects Examples of large projects from Germany: Supermarket Total energy concept including food storage and refrigeration: 16 BHE, 45 kw heat pump el. power cold storage heat into ground waste heat el.power bv refrigerators cold display internal heat sources heat from outside heat pump space cooling heat Summer bv: buffer vessel el. power waste heat (excess) heat from ground el. power Winter cold storage bv refrigerator cold display heat pump space heating internal heat sources heat heat loss to outside

43 GSHP large projects Example from Hungary Pannon GSM, Törökbalint, HU Graph and photos: HGD kft 180 BHE each 100 m deep 1 MW heating and cooling

44 GSHP large projects Example from Romania Showroom, service workshops, and offices for Audi and SEAT cars, constructed 2006 total unfolded area of m² Heating load: 308 kw th Cooling load: 313 kw th DHW: 200 kwh/day Fresh air flow: 3000 m 3 /h Photos: Doina Cucueteanu, ASA, and Radu Polizu, RGS

45 GSHP large projects Example from Romania Showroom, service workshops, and offices for Audi and SEAT cars, constructed 2006 Building equipment: 17 water-to-water and 12 water-to-air heat pumps (Florida Heat Pump), using R410A Ground side equipment: 128 vertical borehole heat exchanger each m deep under a field of m 2 Photos: Doina Cucueteanu, ASA, and Radu Polizu, RGS

46 GSHP large projects Example from Turkey Ümraniye Meydan Shopping Center (Metro), Istanbul 208 BHE, m deep (average 88 m) 1 MW heating/cooling, hybrid (i.e. additional air cooler) Projekt information and photos: Form Group, Istanbul, Turkey

47 GSHP large projects Example from Turkey Ümraniye Meydan Shopping Center (Metro), Istanbul

48 GSHP large projects Example from Turkey Ümraniye Meydan Shopping Center (Metro), Istanbul HP HP HP HP HP "water loop" HP main manifold submanifolds Borehole Heat Exchangers

49 GSHP large projects Bonn, Germany Groundwater Circuit Intermediate Circuit Heating Circuit Heat Pump Plate heat exchanger injection wells production well system schematic Projekt Nr.: Anlage: 6 Datum: Schema Wasser-Wasser-WPAnlage UBeG GbR - Dr. Mands & Sauer Zum Boden Wetzlar Projekt: ehem. Zementfabrik Bonn-Beuel Auftraggeber: Bonn Visio GmbH & Co. KG Maßstab: ohne Photos und Graphs: UBeG / BonnVisio First stage from 2004: Groundwater heat pump with 4 wells - Bonner Bogen

50 GSHP large projects Bonn, Germany Added 2009: Groundwater heat pump with 6 wells Photos und Graphs: UBeG / BonnVisio - Bonner Bogen

51 GSHP large projects Bonn, Germany Providing about 1 MW baseload for heating and cooling Added 2009: Groundwater heat pump with 6 wells Photos und Graphs: UBeG / BonnVisio - Bonner Bogen Well No. 8

52 Geothermal Electric Power For informatiom: A EU-project is ongoing to compile information on the geothermal power potential in Europe, in particular for EGS Coordinated by EGEC Workshop for Finland and the Baltic countries held in Vilnius, LT More at: Soultz-sous-Forêts

53 Thank you for your attention! more information: