Groundwater & Sustainable Development Tools for Predicting Levels of Impact

Transcription

1 Groundwater & Sustainable Development Tools for Predicting Levels of Impact Angelo Papaioannou Friday, 17 October 2008

2 GW Level Contours & Delineation of Capture Zones Slide 2

3 Slide 3 Distribution of European Features in Relation to Groundwater Capture/Outflow Zones

4 Zonal Drought Min. Flows & Total Lic. Quantities Slide 4

5 Potential Risks and Level of Confidence in the Assessment Slide 5

6 Conclusion of Stage 2 for the NNC site The whole site will progress to Stage 3 (Appropriate Assessment) For the two Zones considered to be at Very Low (or lesser) Risk no further assessment is required. This includes: Zone 4 (Wells West Bank (part of Holkham NNR)) Due to insignificant levels of abstraction. Zone 6 (Wareham to Stiffkey Salt Marshes) Due to the absence of any significant freshwater pathway. For all other Zones, at Low (or higher) Risk, within the site Stage 3 entails more Investigations and Assessments Slide 6

7 Coverage 1. Evolution of Groundwater Licensing in England, Wales & Scotland. 2. Principles of Groundwater Quantity Management. 3. Assessing Groundwater Impacts & Sustainable Yield. 4. Principles for Risk Based (Screening) Assessments. 5. Case Example North Norfolk Coast (Stage 2 - Review of Consents). Slide 7 Slides

8 Key Legislative Drivers in England & Wales Other Acts or SIs EPA90 WIA92 LGA58 COPA74 HR94 CROWA00 S&FFA23 RBA48 RPPA51 CR(E)60 S&FFA75 W&CA81 EA95 WFDR03 Water Acts WA45 WA58 WRA63 WA73 WA89 WRA91 WA Slide 8

9 GW Licensing/Management Trends in E & W Other Acts or SIs Exemptions Special PWS Status Local Derogation Catchment Management Env. Allocation/Protection Groundwater Licensing EPA90 WIA92 LGA58 COPA74 HR94 CROWA00 S&FFA23 RBA48 RPPA51 CR(E)60 S&FFA75 W&CA81 EA95 WFDR03 Water Acts WA45 WA58 WRA63 WA73 WA89 WRA91 WA Slide 9

10 Groundwater Licensing in Scotland 1. Restricted to few selective & significantly aquifers prior to WEWS/CAR. 2. Water Environment & Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003 (WEWS) primary legislation enactment for the Water Framework Directive. 3. Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regs (CAR) CAR (along with 2007 Amendment) now includes water environment activities including Groundwater Abstractions which came in to effect in April Includes General Binding Rules plus 3 Tiers of Licensing (two of which extended to drilling & testing phases of new abstraction development). 5. SEPA/SNIFFER have developed extensive guidance (some still ongoing) for groundwater investigation & management and some are referred to later. Slide 10

11 Groundwater Quantity Management Groundwater Management Monitor Investigate Catchment Sustainability Local Derogation Hydrogeological Conceptualisation Environmental Standards Regulatory Policy Baseline or Natural Regime Impacted Regime Slide 11

12 S-P-R Local Derogation Conceptualisation Source/Pressure Pathway/Links Receptor/Effects Groundwater Abstractors Wetland Sites Groundwater Abstraction Aquifer Characteristics Aquifer Drawdown Riparian, Soilwater & Geotech. Regime Soil Moisture for Agriculture Arhaeological Heritage Ground Stability Land Dessication Springflows SurfaceWater Abstractors SurfaceWater Environment Groundwater Quality Intercept Groundwater flow Slide 12

13 Sustainable GW Abstraction Regime Total Groundwater Abstraction > f(recharge) Y Unsustainable Reduce GW Abstraction N Feasible N Mitigation? Cause Env. Damage? Y Y N Sustainable Regime Slide 13

14 Sustainable GW Abstraction Management Total Groundwater Abstraction > f(recharge) Y Unsustainable Reduce GW Abstraction Key Factors 1 Aquifer Regime N Feasible N 2 Env. Dependance on GW Mitigation? 3 Env. Sensitivity/Importance Mitigation Cause Env. Damage? N Y Y 1 Min. Controls 2 ALF 3 ASR 4 Conjunctive Dev Sustainable Regime Slide 14

15 Predicting Impacts & Sustainable Yield 1. Simple Approaches Recharge Estimation Water Balance Assessments Analytical Drawdown Estimation Estimating Stream-flow Reduction 2. Catchment Based Analytical Assessments GW Resource Sustainable Yield/Management EA Resource Assessment & Management (RAM) Framework 3. Distributed Groundwater Modelling Slide 15

16 Simple/Analytical Approaches 1. Recharge Estimation/Routing 2. Water Balance Assessments 3. Analytical Drawdown Estimation a. Borehole/Well Abstractions b. Dewatering Abstractions MOSES/MORECS (+ routing factors) EA R&D Technical Report W6-057/TR (see WFD12 & WFD31) Rainfall routing to runoff and recharge for regional groundwater resource models QJEGH 37, EA RAM Framework (R&D W6-066M) EA Science Report SC040020/SR2 Aquifer Win32 User Manual (ESI) EA Science Report SC040020/SR1 4. Estimating Stream-flow Reduction 5. GW Resource Sustainable Yield/Management EA (R&D W6-046M) IGARF2 EA (R&D W6/i544/7) SPRW6-I544-7-E-E QminBF = R * f(sy*le** 2 /TE) JoH Vol 202 (1997), The Use of Aquifer Response Rate in the Assessment of GW Resources (see WFD53) 6. EA Resource Assessment & Management (RAM) Framework EA RAM Framework (R&D W6-066M) (see WFD48 which draws upon the RAM framework as a key WFD indicator) Slide 16

17 Distributed Groundwater Modelling 1. Generic EA R&D W213 Guidance-Briefing (GEHO0505BJEN-E-E ) EA R&D W214 (Technical Report) 2. MODFLOW 3. MIKE-SHE 4. Many Others! Slide 17

18 Hydro-ecological Prescriptions for in-river Natura 2000 species =eco-hydrological+guidelines&sa=search&cof=forid%3a11#662 for; Lowland Wetland Plants; alluvial forest and bog woodlands; bog restoration - Peatland Ecosystems; basin fens; & dune habitats. for Ombrotrophic Mires (Bog Habitats) /View/GEAN0205BIPZ&2DE&2DE for Eco-hydrological Guidelines for Lowland Wetland Plant Communities Run for various wetland/hydrology publications for imminent publications; WFD35 Wetland Framework; WFD84 Groundwater Classification Framework; & WFD83 Freshwater Flows to Transitional Waters. Slide 18

19 Risk Based Screening Assessments Conceptualisation Slide 19

20 Freshwater Lagoon - Holme NNR Slide 20 Fresh Groundwater Inflow to Thornham Salt Marsh

21 Assigning Overall Risk High LOW MEDIUM HIGH HIGH HIGH Medium LOW LOW MEDIUM HIGH HIGH Low VERY LOW LOW LOW MEDIUM HIGH Very Low NEGLIGIBLE VERY LOW LOW LOW LOW Negligible NEGLIGIBLE NEGLIGIBLE NEGLIGIBLE NEGLIGIBLE NEGLIGIBLE Very Low Low Medium High Certain Likelihood of Occurrence Slide 21 Magnitude of Potential Effect

22 High Medium Low Level of Confidence Negligible Very Low Low Medium High Risk Managing Uncertainty Slide 22

23 Case Example Stage 2 Review of Consents for the North Norfolk Coast SAC/SPA/Ramsar under the Habitats Regulations/Directive Slide 23

24 Slide 24 Hydrological Regime of North Norfolk Coast

25 NNC Designations/Characteristics Designations What is different about this site? SSSI It occupies 40km of coastline (between Hunstanton and Weybridge) North Norfolk Coast csac It includes a full spectrum of transitional habitats from marine to reclaimed freshwater marsh Wash and North Norfolk Coast csac It includes both distinct estuarine and groundwater freshened inter-tidal (salt marsh and tidal creek) habitats North Norfolk Coast SPA Ramsar Site Therefore, the approach to assessment is tailored to suit the hydro-ecological regime. The flow regime (gw & river) is critical and level regimes are of secondary significance in terms of risk. The flow regime is critical in terms of: freshening/flushing Slide 25 abating saline intrusion