Smart Energy Systems and the Danish Plans for Renewable Energy

Transcription

1 Twente University, Enschede, Thursday 18 May 2017 Smart Energy Systems and the Danish Plans for Renewable Energy Henrik Lund Professor in Energy Planning Aalborg University

2 Aalborg University, Denmark Jutland/Denmark: appox. 40% wind power (local owners) High share of the world s offshore power 30% Distributed Generation 50% of electricity supplied by CHP >50% District Heating

3 Renewable Energy Systems A Smart Energy Systems Approach to the Choice and Modeling of 100% Renewable Solutions 1. Edition in Edition in 2014 New Chapter on Smart Energy Systems and Infrastructures

4 The long-term Objective of Danish Energy Policy Expressed by former Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen in his opening speech to the Parliament in 2006 and in several political agreements since then: To convert to 100% Renewable Energy Prime minister 16 November 2008: We will free Denmark totally from fossil fuels like oil, coal and gas Prime minister 16 November 2008: position Denmark in the heart of green growth

5 100% Renewable Energy 2050 but how???!!

6 Energi System Analyse Model Import/ Hydro Hydro Electricity Export Hydro water fixed and storage power plant storage variable system RES electricity Fuel RES heat PP CHP Boiler H2 storage Electrolyser Heat pump and electric boiler Cars Industry Cooling device Heat storage Electricity demand Cooling demand Heat demand Transport demand Process heat demand

7

8 IDA Energiplan 2030

9 CEESA Project 2011/2012

10 Smart Energy Systems

11 Smart Energy Systems: Hourly modelling of all smart grids to identify synergies! and influence of different types of energy storage..!

12 Smart Energy Systems

13 Smart Energy Systems The key to cost-efficient 100% Renewable Energy A sole focus on renewable electricity (smart grid) production leads to electricity storage and flexible demand solutions! Looking at renewable electricity as a part smart energy systems including heating, industry, gas and transportation opens for cheaper and better solutions Power-to-Heat Power-to-Gas Power-to-Transport

14 Pump Hydro Storage 175 /kwh (Source: Electricity Energy Storage Technology Options: A White Paper Primer on Applications, Costs, and Benefits. Electric Power Research Institute, 2010) Energy Storage Thermal Storage 1-4 /kwh (Source: Danish Technology Catalogue, 2012) Oil Tank 0.02 /kwh (Source: Dahl KH, Oil tanking Copenhagen A/S, 2013: Oil Storage Tank. 2013) Natural Gas Underground Storage 0.05 /kwh (Source: Current State Of and Issues Concerning Underground Natural Gas Storage. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 2004)

15 Price ( /MWh) 0.16 m3 Thermal Storage /MWh (Private house: 160 liter for DKK) Thermal Storage Thermal storage: Price and Size 6200 m3 Thermal Storage 2500 /MWh (Skagen: 6200 m3 for 5.4 mio. DKK) liter 4 m m m3 4 m3 Thermal Storage 40,000 /MWh (Private outdoor: 4000 m3 for 50,000 DKK) 200,000 m3 Thermal Storage 500 /MWh (Vojens: 200,000 m3 for 30 mio. DKK)

16 Price ( /MWh) Pump Hydro Storage 100 /kwh (Source: Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station, Germany, Electricity Storage Compressed Air Energy Storage 125 /kwh (Source: ticle/pii/s ) Electricity Storage: Price and Size Tesla PowerWall Fully Installed Sodium-Sulphur Battery CAES Pumped Hydro 3.3 kw 50 MW 350 MW 1000 MW Tesla PowerWall 800 /kwh (Source: Dahl KH, Oil tanking Copenhagen A/S, 2013: Oil Storage Tank. 2013) Sodium-Sulphur Battery 600 /kwh (Source: Table 4: oshay1/docs/epri.pdf)

17 100% Renewable Energy 2050 Power-to-Heat

18 Four different technologies Electric heating Traditional System 300 units of fuel Power Station 80 Elec. 40 units of electrcity Electric heating 80 units of heat 200 units of fuel 100 units of fuel 100 units of fuel Power Station Boiler 40 units of electricity 80 units of heat CHP System Integrated System with renewable energy 135 units of fuel CHP plant 40 units of electricity 80 units of heat Wind turbine 85 units of fuel 20 elec. CHP unit 10 elec. 40 units of electricity 45 heat Heat Pump 80 units of heat

19 Domestic heating

20

21 Heat Roadmap Europe

22 STRATEGO WP2 Enhanced National Heating and Cooling Strategies Presenter Name (i.e. David Connolly) Title (i.e. Associate Professor in Energy Planning) Presenter Organisation (i.e. Aalborg University) Presenter (i.e. Host Organisation (i.e. DG Energy) Host Location (i.e. Brussels, Belgium) Date (i.e. 12 th May 2015)

23 Specific Map & Summary Report Available for Each Country Czech Republic Croatia 23 Italy Romania United Kingdom

24 100% Renewable Energy 2050 the overall system..

25 IDA Energiplan 2030

26

27 100% Renewable Energy in Primær energiforsyning 100% VE i år 2050, PJ , Eksport VE-el Solvarme Biomasse Naturgas Olie Kul Ref 2030 IDA 2030 IDA 2050 Bio IDA 2050 Vind IDA 2050 Biomass potentials and consumtion in IDA 2030, PJ DEA potential IDA 2030 Max potential Waste Energy crops Slurry fibre fraction Slurry biogas Wood Straw

28 CEESA Project 2011/2012

29 TransportPLAN modeling and profiling in CEESA Particular focus due to large challenges: >95% reliant on oil High increase historically Large potential for electric cars and direct electricity but.. Specific challenges in bringing in electricity in sea, aviation and good transport

30 CEESA Project 2011/2012 Transport: Electric vehicles is best from an energy efficient point of view. But gas and/or liquid fuels is needed to transform to 100%. Biomass:.. is a limited resource and can not satisfy all the transportation needs. Consequence Electricity from Wind (and similar resources) needs to be converted to gas and liquied fuels in the long-term perspective

31 100% Renewable Energy 2050 Power-to-Transportation

32 Resource Conversion Process Transport Fuel Transport Demand Resource Conversion Process Transport Fuel Transport Demand Electricity (111 PJ) Electricity (111 PJ) Resource Conversion Process Transport Fuel Transport Demand Biomass [Glucose] Biomass (60 PJ) [Cellulose] (65 PJ) Electricity (83.5 PJ) H 2 O (2.6 Mt) Electric Grid 1 6 PJ 3 Electric Grid 1 Electricity 1.9 Mt (178 PJ) Electricity Electricity (100 PJ) CO (100 PJ) 2 OR OR 294 Gpkm 313 Gpkm Resource Conversion Process Transport Fuel Transport Demand Power Plant Electricity (83 PJ) H 2 O (2.3 Mt) 0.6 PJ Freight is not applicable Marginal Heat 3 (7.6 PJ) 323 Gtkm Resource Anaerobic Conversion Chemical Process Transport Fuel 61 Gpkm Transport Demand OR Digester Hydrogenation Synthesis 59 PJ Steam Electricity Chemical 61 Gpkm Hydrogenation OR Gasifier Biogas Synthesis Methane (50 GJ) (100 PJ 2 ) 83 PJ Syngas 36 Gtkm Power Plant Heat Methane Biomass 1 (100 PJ 2 ) Electrolyser Resource 1 Conversion Process Transport Fuel Transport Demand (77 PJ) H 2 36 Gtkm (60.5 PJ) Carbon H 2 Sequestration (72.2 & PJ) Chemical Electricity Electrolyser 2 1 Recycling 3 Hydrogenation OR 52 Gpkm Synthesis (7.3 PJ) H Mt (60.5 PJ) Biomass CO 2 Methanol/DME Power Plant ( Mt PJ) (7 Mt) Marginal Heat 1 CO (62.6 PJ 2 2 ) 31 Gtkm (50.2 PJ) (4.4 Mt) or 4.5Mt Co-electrolysis 4 Chemical OR 83 Gpkm Synthesis Straw (401.7 PJ) H 2 O (5.7 Mt) PJ Electricity (307 PJ) 3.4 PJ 3 Electrolyser 6 Syngas (139 PJ) Fermenter Low & High Temperature Gasification 7 Methanol/DME (100 PJ 5 ) Lignin (197.7 PJ) C5 Sugars (92.8 PJ) 50 Gtkm Ethanol (100 PJ) OR 67 Gpkm 39 Gtkm 4 H 2 O (15.5 Mt) 11 5 Mt 1 Mt 3.5 Mt H 2 (149.4 PJ) Hydrogenation Chemical Synthesis Methanol/DME (337.5 PJ 2 ) OR 279 Gpkm 169 Gtkm

33 Smart Energy Systems The key to cost-efficient 100% Renewable Energy A sole focus on renewable electricity (smart grid) production leads to electricity storage and flexible demand solutions! Looking at renewable electricity as a part smart energy systems including heating, industry, gas and transportation opens for cheaper and better solutions Power-to-Heat Power-to-Gas Power-to-Transport

34 CEESA Project 2011/2012 Smart Energy Systems: Integrated use of Power-To-Heat, Power- To-Transport and Power-To-Gas/Liquid fuel RES integration: Hourly balance of wind etc. by use of thermal and gas/fuel storage. (Least-cost solution) No electricity storage except from batteries in cars

35 Smart Energy Europe Publication Report Online Paper Published

36 10 Steps to Smart Energy Europe Starting Point 1. EU28 CPI 2050 General Consensus 2. No Nuclear 3. Heat Savings 4. Electric Cars Heating 5. Heat Pumps 6. District Heating (Cities) Transport / Fuels 7. Electrofuels 8. Replacing Coal & Oil 9. Replacing Natural Gas

37 More information: