Remote Sensing Monitoring and GIS Modeling

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1 Remote Sensing Monitoring and GIS Modeling Lake Watch of Lake Martin Initiative Luoheng Han Department of Geography University of Alabama John Glasier Lake Watch of Lake Martin

2 Lake Watch Project Support Assess adequacy of current citizen-monitoring capabilities Test new monitoring capabilities Facilitate education outreach activities

3 Citizen-Group Research Questions? To what extent can AWW monitoring capabilities measure nutrient (and sediment) concentrations and their lake effects? [Both current and proposed capabilities for the project] Are current AWW (shoreline) monitoring data representative of respective embayment conditions? Can close-range hyperspectral data estimate Chlorophyll-a concentrations? What s the optimal mix of AWW citizen monitoring capabilities that can satisfy long-term needs?

4 Quiz Time

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6 April 2004 A August B C Selected Lake Martin Sample Sites Where & Why Different? D E F

7 Sample Site Water Color Seasonal and Spatial Trends Tallapoosa R. Above Coley Ck. (main stem) Coley Ck April August A B A Elkahatchee Ck. B C Bay Pine Is. (main stem) C D Sandy Ck. Above Blue Ck. (main stem) D E F E F

8 Sample Site Water Color Inter-year Spatial Trends April Tallapoosa R. Above Coley Ck. (main stem) Coley Ck. A B A Elkahatchee Ck. B C Bay Pine Is. (main stem) Sandy Ck. C D Above Blue Ck. (main stem) D E F E F

9 Reflectance (%) Calculation L L ρ = E L is upwelling radiance E is downwelling irradiance E

10 Hyperspectral Sensors ASD VNIR FieldSpec Spectrometer UA Department of Geography Wavelength Range (nm): (701 channels) The StellarNet EPP2000 Spectrometer LWLM Wavelength Range (nm): (1000 channels)

11 Spectral reflectance of Coley Creek Embayment over time 10 8 Green peak: nm Blue absorption Red absorption: nm Reflectance maximum: 700 nm Reflectance (%) /24/2003 4/15/2004 6/17/2004 7/20/ Wavelength (nm)

12 Remote Sensing Initiative Hyperspectral Reflectance Measurements of Chlorophyll Concentration and Related Water Quality Predictors

13 StellarNet, Inc. Spectrometer (Model EPP2000C, nm, 0.5nm resolution)

14 Hyperspectral Sensing at Close Range Sensor Control unit Reference panel

15 Preliminary Results

16 ASD & StellarNet Spectrometers ASD % Reflectan ASD % Reflectan Comparison of Reflectance Spectra: ASD vs. Comparison StellarNet Spectrometers of Reflectance ( nm) Spectra: ASD vs. TWP StellarNet Site 20 Spectrometers ( ) n=450 ( nm) TWP Site 20 ( ) n= y = x y = x R 2 = R = nm spectral 5 1nm spectral 5 reflectance 4 ( nm) reflectance 4 ( nm) StellarNet %Reflectance StellarNet %Reflectance Comparable Performance Reflectance (% Reflectance (% ASD Spectrometer ASD Spectrometer Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm) AU3 AU3 AU4 AU4 AU5 AU5 AU6 AU6 AU7 AU7 AU8 AU8 AU9 AU9 AU10 AU10 AU11 AU11 AU12 AU12 AU13 AU13 AU14 AU14 AU15 AU15 AU16 AU16 AU17 AU17 AU18 AU18 AU19 AU19 AU20 AU20 ADEM22 ADEM22 StellarNet EPP2000C Spectrometer StellarNet EPP2000C Spectrometer Reflectance (%) Reflectance (%) Wavelength 600 (nm) Wavelength (nm) AU3 AU4 AU3 AU5 AU4 AU6 AU5 AU7 AU6 AU8 AU7 AU9 AU8 AU10 AU9 AU11 AU10 AU12 AU11 AU13 AU12 AU14 AU13 AU15 AU14 AU16 AU15 AU17 AU16 AU18 AU17 AU19 AU18 AU20 AU19 ADEM22 AU20 ADEM24 ADEM22 ADEM25 ADEM24 ADEM25

17 April Sample Site Water Color Inter-year Spatial Trends Tallapoosa R. Above Coley Ck. (main stem) A B A Coley Ck. B C Elkahatchee Ck. C D Bay Pine Is. (main stem) Sandy Ck. D E F E Above Blue Ck. (main stem) F

18 Wavelength (nm) Spectral Reflectance Comparison Sample Site water Spectral monitoring Reflectances sites LWLM open-water monitoring sites April 2004 Reflectance (%) * April 2005 *Site number

19 Sample Water Color Onsite vs. Filtered Suspended Solids April TSS* 2005 Tallapoosa R. Above Coley Ck. (main stem) A B A Coley Ck. Elkahatchee Ck. B C Bay Pine Is. (main stem) C D Sandy Ck. D E * Sample filter (wet) E

20 Testing and Data Collection Continues Demonstrate utility for AWW group use Reflectance correlations and regression models Assess color-metric software Complete duel-head modification Refine sampling techniques & analysis Enhance field portability

21 Portability Initiatives

22 Homeland Security Version?

23 Questions?

24 Landsat 5 TM Scene (Path: 20/Row: 37)

25 Three cloud free scenes 10/22/03 4/15/04 9/22/04

26 Mosaiced Landsat 5 TM Images Covering the Upper, Middle, and Lower Tallapoosa River Watersheds

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31 Land Use/Land Cover and Lake Martin Chlorophyll

32 What is a GIS? A GIS is a computer system capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data, identified by location.

33 Source: Strength of GIS The integration of data in different forms through a GIS

34 Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) SWAT was developed to predict the effects of land management practices on: water sediment agricultural chemical yields For use on large, complex watersheds with varying soils, landuse, and management conditions over long periods of time

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36 The Upper, Middle, and Lower Tallapoosa River Watersheds

37 Land Use/Land Cover Derived From Landsat 5 TM Image Acquired October 22, 2003

38 Digital Elevation Model For The Middle Tallapoosa River Watershed

39 The Subbasins with major water bodies

40 Precipitation Map For April 2004

41 Surface Runoff Map For April 2004

42 Sediment Yield Map For April 2004

43 Nitrate Surface Runoff Map For April 2004

44 Organic Nitrogen Map For April 2004

45 Soluble Phosphorus Map For April 2004

46 Organic Phosphorus Map For April 2004

47 Sedimentary Phosphorus Map For April 2004

48 Acknowledgements USDA, Cooperative Research, Education and Extension System: funding AU, ADEM, LWLM, LWPOA: water sampling Russel Taylor and Gang Wang, graduate research assistants of the Department of Geography, UA: assists in data collection and processing, and GIS modeling

49 Thank you.