WATER REUSE. Creating a Sustainable Water Future. Scott Nelles, LEED AP Living Machine Systems Charlottesville, VA

Transcription

1 WATER REUSE Creating a Sustainable Water Future Scott Wolf, FAIA, LEED AP The Miller Hull Partnership Seattle, WA / San Diego, CA Scott Nelles, LEED AP Living Machine Systems Charlottesville, VA 24 October 2012

2 Two-thirds of the human body and three-quarters of the human brain is water.

3 Seventy-five percent of a living tree is water.

4 2/3 of the surface of the earth is covered by water.

5 If all earth s water fit in a gallon jug, available fresh water would equal just over a tablespoon less than half of one percent of the total.

6 Approximately 1 million miles of pipelines and aqueducts carry water in the U.S. & Canada. That's enough pipe to circle the earth 40 times.

7 The 2009 ASCE Report Card on our nation s infrastructure gave water & wastewater systems a D- and estimated the five year funding requirements for necessary upgrades at $255 billion.

8 Leaking pipes in the U.S. waste 7 billion gallons of water every day. That would be enough to supply drinking water to every resident of California and still have some left over.

9 It takes about 39,000 gallons of water to produce the average domestic vehicle. 62,600 gallons of water are needed to produce one ton of steel.

10 It takes about 39,000 gallons of water to produce the average domestic vehicle.

11 A single car tire requires 518 gallons of water to manufacture.

12 It takes 197 gallons of water to produce a single gallon of gasoline.

13 300 million gallons of water are needed to produce a single day's supply of U.S. newsprint.

14 2 billion gallons of water are used each day to water golf courses in the U.S.

15 It takes about 3,000 gallons of water (the capacity of a tanker truck) to produce a single pair of denim jeans.

16 It takes almost 75 gallons of water to produce a single cup of coffee.

17 It takes 120 gallons of water to produce a single egg.

18 It takes 750 gallons of water to produce a single fast food meal. About 50 million fast food meals are eaten daily in the U.S.

19 Agriculture uses 70% of the world s freshwater.

20 It takes 240,000 gallons of water to produce one ton of grain.

21 It takes over one million gallons of water to grow enough food for an average family for a year.

22 Not everyone has connected the dots to see that a future of water shortages will be a future of food shortages.

23 At an average cost of 80 cents per pint, bottled water costs close to $6.50/gallon. That s almost twice as expensive as a gallon of gasoline and about 2,400 times more expensive than tap water - a bargain at an average cost of only 1/3 cent/gallon.

24 Water is too cheap. The average American spends less than 1% of his or her total yearly expenses on water, wastewater, and water disposal services.

25 "Free" or subsidized water is bound to be wasted. Why bother fixing the leaky faucet if that would cost more than you'd save?

26 You can refill an 8-oz glass of water approximately 15,000 times for the same cost as a six-pack of soda pop.

27 Average times per day that water faucets are turned on in U.S. households: 70.

28 Two-thirds of the water used in an average home is used in the bathroom.

29 The average 10-minute shower uses 30 gallons of water.

30 Leaky toilets can waste up to 200 gallons of water each day.

31 You waste about 5 gallons of water if you leave the water running while brushing your teeth.

32 Water efficient fixtures can cut household water use by 30%.

33 Every person requires a minimum of 250,000 gallons of water annually (40% of an Olympic-size swimming pool) for drinking, hygiene and growing food.

34 The average American just doesn't see water conservation as an issue.

35 Today, one in six people on the earth - or more than one billion people - lack access to an improved water supply. That number is predicted to rise to between one-half and two-thirds by 2025.

36 The World Bank estimates that 300 million people live in areas of severe water shortages.

37 People who lack access to clean water get water from unclean surface ponds or dirty rivers often resulting in illness or death.

38 At least 1 billion people must walk three hours or more to obtain drinking water.

39 The typical African family uses about 5 gallons of water at home each day. The typical American uses more than 100 gallons of water at home each day.

40 More than one billion people still do not have consistent access to freshwater. More than two billion lack access to sanitation.

41 Ninety percent of all diseases are water-related.

42 Every 15 seconds, a child dies from a water-related disease. For children under age five, water-related diseases are the leading cause of death.

43 The water and sanitation crisis claims more lives through disease than any war claims through guns.

44 The common denominator in the health and development challenges faced by the poorest of the world's population diseases like malaria, rising food prices and environmental degradation is water.

45 No investment has greater overall impact upon national development and public health than the provision of safe drinking water and the proper disposal of human waste.

46 Every $1 spent on water and sanitation is estimated to result in $8 in health care costs averted.

47 Our future is drying up: a100-foot-high bathtub ring left by the dwindling waters of Lake Mead, behind Hoover Dam.

48 Ten of the world s major rivers including the Colorado, Ganges, Jordan, Nile, Rio Grande and Yellow regularly run dry before reaching the sea.

49 Pollution in the Mississippi River has resulted in a dead zone the size of New Jersey where it drains to the Gulf of Mexico.

50 We are beginning to understand the magnitude of our own ignorance. Sylvia Earle

51 The new red, white and blue is green. Thomas Friedman

52 The new green is blue.

53 Blue Gold Water will be the 21 st century s oil a much sought-after but dwindling natural resource. The biggest difference: a world without oil is possible; a world without water is not.

54

55

56 quantity Natural Resources While the world population increased threefold during the twentieth century, water withdrawals increased sixfold Margin for Action 9b 7b 1b 1776 Population 2b b ? 2020? 2030? 2040? 2050 time not to scale

57 When our earth s population, now exceeding 6.5 billion people and expected to reach 9.1 billion by the year 2050, is coupled with diminished freshwater supplies and land area, we are on a collision course with disaster. Larry Frevert, APWA President, in 2008

58

59

60 Since the end of WWII, water withdrawals from the Ogallala Aquifer have averaged 4-6 feet per year, while nature was putting back only ½ an inch. This overdraft equates to about 14 million acre-feet per year, or roughly the entire annual flow of the Colorado River.

61

62

63 PROFESSIO NAL H 2 Obligation SOCIAL PERSONAL

64 Bureau of Environmental Services Administration & Water Quality Lab Portland, OR

65 Tillamook Forest Center Tillamook, OR

66 LEED Platinum & Net Zero Energy Use NET ZERO STRATEGIES load reduction (to 50% of baseline) microturbines (provides 75% of energy needs) photovoltaics (provides 25% of energy needs)

67

68

69 LOTT s Reclaimed Water Program

70 Benefits of Reclaimed Water Currently, the majority of all water used in the U.S. is potable water. Reclaimed water can be used to meet a significant portion of the demand. Potable water can be reserved for those uses that truly require it.

71

72

73 1 gallon of wastewater diverted saves between $20 and $22 of capital costs that would have been required to build additional treatment capacity.

74

75

76

77

78

79

80 Thinking Beyond the Property Lines

81 San Ysidro Land Port of Entry San Ysidro, CA

82 Current Population Growth in California adds 100,000 acre-feet* to urban water demand each year. *1 acre-foot = 325,851gallons There will be an 8% Reduction in Regional Water Supply which will Increase County Water Rates by 12% for next 2 years. Water Scarcity in California demands Conservation and Reclamation.

83 SUSTAINABILITY- water conservation

84 South Bay Water Reclamation Plant Reclaimed Water (Purple Pipe) City of San Diego Parks and the Community SYLPOE Site Connection

85 Sources of Water on Site: Fresh, Clean Water Reclaimed Water Black Water Potable Water (City Water) Rain Water/ Runoff Water/ Treated Flush Water Untreated Flush, Sink, and Shower Water

86 Fixture Inputs and Outputs: Fresh, Clean Water Reclaimed Water Black Water Drinking Water Toilets Showers Irrigation Faucets Site Maintenance

87 Reclaimed Water Systems Fresh, Clean Water Reclaimed Water Black Water Rainwater Collection + Greywater Treatment Black Water Treatment Recycled Water from City (Purple Pipe) Preferred System

88 COLLECTION COLLECTION Rainwater Collection Black Water Treatment Flush Water Drinking Water Shower Water Sink Water

89 COLLECTION COLLECTION CDS Treatment Flush Water Drinking Water PUMP Shower Water Sink Water Black Water Treatment USES Flush Water Irrigation Site Maintenance

90 Rainwater

91 12.13 MGPY = Fill 18 Olympic Swimming Pools Flush 7,581,250 Toilets 14 Year Payback Save $18,800,000 over 40 Years 2030 Water Reduction: 78% 2030 Sewer Flow Reduction: 90% Savings of MGPY Rainwater

92 SUSTAINABILITY- water runoff & infiltration

93

94 credit: Steve Moddemeyer, Collins Woerman

95 credit: Interface Engineering & Central City Concern

96 credit: Interface Engineering & Central City Concern

97 PATHWAYS TO REGULATO RY CHANGE credit: Interface Engineering & Central City Concern

98 for these reports and other related info, go to:

99

100 credit: Interface Engineering & Central City Concern

101 credit: Interface Engineering & Central City Concern

102

103

104

105 The Bullitt Foundation Center Seattle, WA

106

107 McGilvra Place Cascadia Center

108

109 Courtesy: 2020 Engineering

110

111 Each composter should produce one 5 gallon bucket of hummus per year that is taken off site and can be used as a soil amendment. We have 10 composters and design assumes of 5 uses per FT occupant at 128 projected occupants = 640 uses. This leaves a surplus of 660 uses per day.

112 WATER SUPPLY credit: Katie Spataro, Cascadia GBC FEDERAL Safe Drinking Water Act Rooftop Rainwater Groundwater Onsite Reclaimed Water STATE DOH/DOE Public Supply Sources/Water Rights Treatment Regulations LOCAL BOARD OF HEALTH Rainwater Harvesting Policies CITY/LOCAL UTILITIES Municipal Supply Connection BUILDING/PLUMBING CODES Water Reuse for Fixtures Offsite Reclaimed Water

113 ONSITE WATER TREATMENT + REUSE credit: Katie Spataro, Cascadia GBC FEDERAL Clean Water Act Onsite Treatment Greywater Subsurface Irrigation Onsite Greywater Reuse Constructed Treatment Wetlands STATE DOH Large Onsite Treatment Systems New Greywater Regulations LOCAL BOARD OF HEALTH Small Onsite Treatment Systems Greywater for Seasonal Irrigation CITY/LOCAL UTILITIES Connection to Existing Sewers BUILDING/PLUMBING CODES Interior Greywater Reuse

114 SFR Local Health Department (PHSKC) Rainwater Potable Non- Potable All Other State Department of Health Group A or B Public Water System (WSDOH) Local Building Department Plumbing Permit (City of Seattle) Local Building Department Plumbing Permit (City of Seattle) Local Health Department (PHSKC) Greywater Indoor Outdoor Seasonal Year-round <3,500 gpd 3,500 gpd, <100,000gpd State Department of Health LOSS and/or Reclaimed Water Permit (WSDOH) State Department of Ecology Wastewater Discharge Permit (WSDOE) 100,000gpd Local Building Department Plumbing Permit (City of Seattle) Blackwater Indoor Outdoor <3,500 gpd 3,500 gpd, <100,000gpd 100,000gpd Local Health Department (PHSKC) State Department of Health LOSS and/or Reclaimed Water Permit (WSDOH) State Department of Ecology Wastewater Discharge Permit (WSDOE)

115 The new green is blue.

116 Encourage New Perspectives

117 The significant problems we face cannot be solved with the same level of thinking we used when we created them. Albert Einstein

118 Changing Behaviors..the right water for the right use

119 WATER REUSE Creating a Sustainable Water Scott Wolf, FAIA, LEED AP The Miller Hull Partnership Seattle, WA / San Diego, CA Future 24 October 2012 Scott Nelles, LEED AP Living Machine Systems Charlottesville, VA