Mainstreaming Climate Actions at the Local Level: Philippine Case

Transcription

1 Mainstreaming Climate Actions at the Local Level: Philippine Case

2 Climate Policies for Local Governments Climate Change Act LGUs to draft Local Climate Change Action Plans Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act Amended CC Act - People s Survival Fund for Local Governments and Local Organizations 2014 Supplemental Guidelines for Integrating CCA-DRR in Comprehensive Land Use Plans 2015 Local Climate Budget Tagging tied to the 7 thematic priorities of the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2016 Philippine Development Plan CC mainstreamed as a cross-cutting issue 2017 National Urban Development and Housing Framework integrating climate change as one of its core principles

3 Mandate of the Climate Change Commission vis-à-vis Local Governance Mainstreaming, monitoring and evaluation of climate change programs and activities Facilitate capacity building for local climate change adaptation and mitigation planning Provide technical and financial support to local research and development programs

4 CCC Enabling interventions for local governments Sustainability Strategic Partnerships Standard Information and tools Systems

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8 Philippine Climate Budget Tagging Timeline January Initial work on CC expenditure tagging by DBM and CCC December Issuance of DBM/CCC JMC October DBM Circular to tag NEP and GAA January Issuance of the amended DBM/CCC JMC April Orientation Seminar on CCET November Quality Assurance of CC expenditure August CapB for LGUs on CCET August Climate Change Expenditures were reported in the BESF June CPEIR was launched October Test run and consultation with Nat l Agencies on the CC Expenditure Tagging August Issuance of CCC/DBM/DILG JMC July Issuance of revised CCC/DBM/DILG JMC November Review of Y1 and updating of the JMC February Revised Typologies for CCET Designation of CCC-CCO Staff in CCET HD Automation of the NEP and GAA expenditure tagging May Analysis of LGU submissions

9 Subnational: 2017 Climate Investment Allocation From 145 Highly and Non-Vulnerable LGUs (cities and municipalities) and Provinces

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11 GHG Inventory at the Local Level Development of Community level GHG Inventory Manual and toolkit Community Level GHG Inventory Manual and toolkit adopted by CCC 43 LGUs trained LGU coaching and mentoring (entity and community level) Linking GHGI and LEDS to LCCAP and climate budget tagging system Capacity Building support from different development partners 133 LGUs and 13 SUCs trained Development of Entitylevel GHG inventory manual and toolkit GHG and Mitigation orientation to agencies with oversight functions to LGUs

12 NDC and Sub-national contribution ALIGNMENT TO

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14 M&E/MRV Components User login for key constituents NGAs LGUs Private Sector MAIN CONTENT Greenhouse Gas Inventory Climate Finance (PSF, GEF, GCF, AF, Climate Budget Tagging) Sectoral Mitigation and Adaptation Actions NCCAP M&E Climate Risk Info System Loss and Damage Registry GIS-based Navigation NICCDIES 2017

15 Case Study of Viet Nam: Promote local actions for climate-resilient and low emission development Dr. Nguyen Quang, UN-Habitat Vietnam

16 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Located in Southeast Asia China Total land area of 331,698 km2 Myanmar Laos Vietnam Hanoi A coast line of approximately 3,200 km Population: 90 million (2017) Yangon Vientiane Thailand Hoang Sa Da Nang Urban population in 2016: 34% (GSO 2016) Bangkok Cambodia 63 provinces/centrally managed cities divided within 6 economic regions HCMC Truong Sa Administrative structure with 4 levels of government: (i) central; (ii) provincial; (iii) district/city under provincial authority; and (iv) commune/ward

17 CLIMATE CHANGE AND PRESSURES ON URBAN SECTOR HOUSING Serious hosing shortage Uncontrollable self-built activities Sub-standard and temporary housing Widespread of speculation practices Low-income households cannot access to affordable housing WATER & SANITATION Poor access to clean water in district towns Serious lack of wastewater collection and treatment, drainage system No sewerage or drainage surcharges) Environmental degradation Flooding and pollution are most severe in largest cities INSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT TRANSPORT Congestion Air pollution Serious accidents Insufficient inner city roads Little attention to parking areas Lack of land for transportation POVERTY Higher poverty density Emerge of low-income pockets in residential areas in all cities (30% area population) Urban social problems increase Farmers lose their land SOLID WASTE Disqualified landfills Conflict between service quality and subsidized budget Challenges to maintain and upgrade or expand the services properly

18 CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES CC impacts on urban areas in Vietnam Between , the country ranked 6 th worldwide in terms of impacts of climate-related losses, averaging about 420 fatalities a year and 0.91% losses per unit GDP By 2100, average temperature will increase about 2-3 o C; sea level will rise by cm With approximately 75% of Viet Nam s urban population living in the Low Elevation Coastal Zones, many urban dwellers will be affected by rising sea levels. The probability of flooding will increase in many parts of Viet Nam, including cities Besides economic costs, climate change has direct effects on the key urban infrastructure (transportation, water supply, and energy) Fossil fuels in Vietnam provided more than 75% of total final energy consumption (UNESCAP, 2008) Energy consumption in Viet Nam s transport sector is rising, with an annual growth rate of 7.6% Major cities such as Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City are embracing renewable energy in order to meet their growing demands for energy

19 URBAN POVERTY The vulnerability of urban poors to pollution and climate change impacts Mekong River Delta is one of the most severely affected region by climate change and sea level rise globally Erosion, landslides decrease area of land

20 National Urban Policy and Strategy National Socio-Economic Development Strategy Orientation Master Plan for Urban System until 2025 National Urban Development Program + National Urban Upgrading Program Capacity Building Program for Urban Managers 1961 Viet Nam Urban Forum for policy dialogues and experiences sharing New promulgated Planning Law initiated by Ministry of Planning and Investment Preparation of Law on Urban Development and Management Preparation of Policy Scheme (enabling framework) and guideline for urban development National Urban Development Strategy in process of preparation (National Urban Policy Review / Dyno The need to upgrade Construction Law, Urban Planning Law, Housing Law in response to Climate Change implication

21 Action Plan in Response to Climate Change developed by Sectors and Provinces / Cities Financial resources mobilized in response to Climate Change impacts International Support to Climate Change / Green Growth Research and policy formulation National Target Program and National Strategy for Climate Change Response National Green Growth Strategy(VGGS) 1. Reduce intensity of GHG emissions, promote clean & renewable energy 2. Green production (clean industrialization with efficient use of resources ) 3. Green lifestyle & promoting sustainable consumption

22 Viet Nam s climate change policies National Target Programme to Respond to climate change (NTP-RCC) Action Plans Strategy Disaster risk management strategy NTP on Energy Efficiency Forestry policies: Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) Green Growth Development Strategy Mainstreamed into Social Economic Development Strategy (SEDS ) and SED Plan ( ) Paris agreement and roadmap to meet NDC Mainstreaming into Viet Nam SDGs Agenda

23 Climate Change Mitigation Promoting low emissions and climate-resilient development through - Building capacity for low emission development strategies (LEDS) and related nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) - Supporting in designing, preparing and submitting Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC), which allow governments to determine what effort they will make to reduce emissions - Promoting Low-Emissions Urban Development - Promoting International Cooperative Initiatives (ICI) and encouraging lowemission development pathways in key sectors like energy efficiency, renewable energy or the reform of energy subsidies - Promoting the development and transfer of climate relevant technologies

24 REVIEWING DEVELOPMENT PARTNER PROGRAMMES AND TOOLS FOR ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE IN CITIES World Bank Climate Resilient Cities A Primer on Reducing Vulnerability to Disasters Asian Development Bank, Ho Chi Minh Adaptation to Climate Change Rockefeller Foundation, Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCRN) Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi Minh - Integrative Urban and Environmental Planning Framework - Adaptation to Global Climate Change HAND BOOK FOR URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN WITH REFERENCE TO CC ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION Cities in Climate Change Initiative: CCCI tools - Vulnerability and Adaptability Assessment Toolkit applied in Hoi An City, Vietnam Hoi An Eco-city Development Strategy

25 Overview of CC Projects in Vietnam CCCI Mainstreaming CC in National Urban Policies V-LED Project Funding Source ROAP Allocation from Norway CCCI HQ Fund Development Account 9 th Tranche Adelphi IKI/BMUB Total Budget US$ 10,000 US$ 730,000 for 5 countries (± 50,000 for VN but largely for AoC) From BMUB: 348, Counterpart: 66,000 Time Frame/Duration October 2015 April 2016 March Nov 2015 Dec 2018 Project Expected Accomplishments /Objectives Improved Local Climate Change Action Planning 1. Enhanced capacity of national governments in five selected countries to address the urban dimension of climate change through national urban policies/legislative reform 2. Enhanced commitment of national and local governments and other stakeholders in the Asia and Pacific Region to incorporate climate change concerns into national urban policies. 1. Improved enabling conditions (capacities, learning, and knowledge management) for climate resilient low carbon development action at subnational/local level in conjunction with countries on-going efforts to meet their overall national climate change objectives. 25

26 Urban Policy and Multi-level Governance Lack of clear authority of city governments for urban management / planning The planning system is not based on a bottom-up, permissive and participatory approach. Ineffective tools for urban development control. Lack of effective cross-sector coordination and community participation in preparing and implementing urban plans. Weak local capacity to deal with the environmental management and financing of urban infrastructure. Limited public-private partnership and incentives for private developers Need for cities self generated revenues by raising user charges for infrastructure

27 ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE IN CITIES: GAPS AND ISSUES Mainstreaming Climate Change and LED issues into the National Urban Policy Strengthening Vertical and Horizontal Coordination and Cooperation among different climate related stakeholders and actors Strengthening Institutional Capacity Building Promoting local financed climate actions

28 Mainstreaming Climate Change and LED issues into the National Urban Policy Facilitating policy dialogues and experiences sharing through Viet Nam Urban Forum Contributing to National Urban Policy diagnosis Supporting the NUDS assessment (first phase) Facilitating policy dialogues and promulgation of guideline in city related LEDs with reference to new decree on NDC Supporting the preparation of National Report on Urbanization (including CC review) for Habitat III Providing technical support to monitor the climate policy performance in cities (green and climate resilient city indicators)

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30 Strengthening Vertical and Horizontal Coordination and Cooperation Contributing to the Preparation of Planning Law (addressing integrated planning approach) Providing technical support to develop City Development Strategy (where climate resilient issues are mainstreamed) Facilitating good practices exchanges and pilot applications among cities Promoting cities participation in community resilient networking Supporting the task force meetings among urban climate related agencies (i.e., MOC, MONRE, MPI)

31 Strengthening Institutional Capacity Building Supporting the setting up Institute for Urban Development and Management Providing technical support to develop curriculum and training toolkits related climate resilience and LEDs Supporting the application of LED training toolkits for the preparation of local climate actions Supporting the networking and human resources development of the newly established institute

32 Promoting local financed climate actions Supporting the community climate resilient development piloting (mobilizing the social capital): Tam Thanh Community Paintings Development in Tam Ky City Phung Hung Public Space and Contemporary Art in Ha Noi City Rainwater container and eco-gardening in Can Tho City Supporting the multi-sector climate resilient investment program preparation (through CDS preparation) Providing information and process on climate finance options Supporting cities and agencies to develop proposals financed through international climate funding mechanism

33 Case studies Create motivation by providing win-win solutions Hoi An Eco-city - Local assets (antique houses, islands, rivers) are developed for eco-tourism purpose - Communities are placed central to development plans - Strong commitment and leadership of city authorities Tam Thanh Community Art Project UN-Habitat support to City Development Strategy including Community Art project in Collaboration with Korea Foundation

34 Phung Hung Public Space and Contemporary Art Before the project After the project

35 V-LED GPE facilitates local climate actions GPE in Can Tho city in March 2017 with Japanese technology companies participation

36 - Time: Jan Funding: Daiken company, Can Tho city - Technical support: UN-Habitat V-LED team

37 THANK YOU! V-LED Consortium Meeting, 30th September Hannover, Germany