Cities and the Multi-level Governance of Global Climate Change

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1 Cities and the Multi-level Governance of Global Climate Change Michele M. Betsill Department of Political Science Colorado State University START Institute 6 August 2003

2 Introduction Harriet Bulkeley and Michele M. Betsill (2003) Cities and Climate Change: urban sustainability and global environmental governance. London: Routledge Case-Studies Newcastle-upon-Tyne (UK) Cambridgeshire (UK) Leicester (UK) Denver (US) Milwaukee (US) Newcastle (Australia)

3 Introduction What are the opportunities and obstacles to mitigating local greenhouse gas emissions? Institutional context Implementing climate protection Transportation: Cambridgeshire, Denver, Newcastle (Australia) Energy Management: Leicester, Denver, Newcastle (Australia) Planning: Newcastle (UK), Milwaukee, Newcastle (Australia)

4 Impact of the CCP Program Newcastle (UK) Cambridgeshire Leicester Denver Milwaukee Newcastle (Australia) High x x Mod. x x Low x x

5 Local Climate Protection Transportation Land-use Planning Energy Management in the Built Environment Solid-Waste (not covered)

6 Local Climate Protection and Transport

7 Local Climate Protection and Transport Technical Fixes Green Fleets Alternative Fuel Vehicles

8 Local Climate Protection and Transport Demand Management Information Bus passes Infrastructure Planning

9 Local Climate Protection and Transport Jurisdiction

10 Local Climate Protection and Transport Jurisdiction Soft vs. Hard Measures

11 Local Climate Protection and Transport Jurisdiction Soft vs. Hard Measures Economic Development and Traffic Growth

12 Local Climate Protection and Planning Control GHG emissions through changes in urban form and density New Urbanism Diversity in neighborhood use and population Planning for movement by foot, public transport and car Universally accessible public spaces and community institutions Architecture and landscape design that celebrate local history, climate, ecology, and building practice

13 Local Climate Protection and Planning Jurisdiction

14 Local Climate Protection and Planning Jurisdiction Planning-Energy Link

15 Local Climate Protection and Planning Jurisdiction Planning-Energy Link Urban Renewal

16 Local Climate Protection and Energy Management

17 Local Climate Protection and Energy Management Municipal Operations Retrofits of municipal buildings Education Renewable energy purchases

18 Denver s LED Traffic Signals Incandescent Bulbs LEDs Electricity watts 6-25 watts Life Span 8,000 hours 100,000 hours CO 2 savings: 5,300 metric tons/yr. = 2,266 acre forest in downtown Denver = 1,096 cars removed from the road

19 Local Climate Protection and Energy Management Community-wide Energy Management Information Financing of retrofits

20 Local Climate Protection and Energy Management Jurisdiction

21 Local Climate Protection and Energy Management Jurisdiction Financing

22 Local Climate Protection Putting climate protection policies into practice at the local level is far from straightforward

23 Local Climate Protection Putting climate protection policies into practice at the local level is far from straightforward Committed individuals with institutional power and support

24 Local Climate Protection Putting climate protection policies into practice at the local level is far from straightforward Committed individuals with institutional power and support Funding

25 Local Climate Protection Putting climate protection policies into practice at the local level is far from straightforward Committed individuals with institutional power and support Funding Jurisdiction

26 Local Climate Protection Putting climate protection policies into practice at the local level is far from straightforward Committed individuals with institutional power and support Funding Jurisdiction Climate protection and sustainable development

27 Local Climate Protection Putting climate protection policies into practice at the local level is far from straightforward Committed individuals with institutional power and support Funding Jurisdiction Climate protection and sustainable development Political will to go beyond easy fruit

28 Cities and the Multi-level Governance of Global Climate Change The governance of global climate change is a complex, multi-level process involving a range of actors and institutions operating and interacting at a variety of levels from the global to the local.

29 Cities and the Multi-level Governance of Global Climate Change Multi-level Governance Developed in the study of the EU Central characteristics Decision-making competency shared across levels of governance and involve public and private actors Interconnections between levels of governance

30 Cities and the Multi-level Governance of Global Climate Change Figure 1: TypeI (nested) Multilevel Governance (adaptedfrom Fairbrass andjordan 2001: 501) International Institutions Direct representation National Governments Transnational networks Local governments Domestic interest groups

31 Cities and the Multi-level Governance of Global Climate Change International Institutions Transnational networks Nation-state Place-based partnerships Subnational governments Civil society

32 Cities and the Multi-level Governance of Global Climate Change Partnerships

33 Cities and the Multi-level Governance of Global Climate Change Partnerships Need for political pressure across scales

34 Cities and the Multi-level Governance of Global Climate Change Partnerships Need for political pressure across scales Local climate protection as complementary to climate protection at other levels of governance

35 Cities and the Multi-level Governance of Global Climate Change Michele M. Betsill Department of Political Science Colorado State University START Institute 6 August 2003