Seasonal Variations In Physico-Chemical Parameters Of Sagara Lake, Yadgir District, Karnataka

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1 Sesonl Vritions In Physico-Chemicl Prmeters Of Sgr Lke, Ydgir District, Krntk D. Bsvrj 1 nd B.R.Kirn 2 1 Deprtment of Environmentl Science, College of Agriculture (University of Agriculturl Sciences Richur), Bheemryngudi , Krntk, Indi 2 Reserch & Teching Assistnt in Environmentl Science, DDE, Kuvempu University, Shnkrghtt , Krntk, Indi ABSTRACT The present study ssess the physico-chemicl prmeters of Sgr lke of Ydgir district, Krntk during the yer The results reveled tht sesonl vritions in the most of the physico-chemicl prmeters of wter were within the permissible limits of USPHA nd ICMR stndrds nd some were exceeded the limits. Hence, the Sgr lke wter ws not polluted so much nd ws found to be suitble for drinking nd fish culture. Key Words: Physico-chemicl prmeters, sesonl vrition, Sgr lke, modertely oligotrophic, Ydgir District. I. Introduction The physico-chemicl nd microbiologicl qulity tht dversely ffected the qulity of wter is likely to rise from vriety of sources including lnd ppliction of griculturl chemicls nd orgnic wstes, infiltrtion of irrigtion wter septic tnks, lnd infiltrtion of effluents from sewge tretment plnts, pits, lgoons nd ponds used for storge (Aydin, 2007; Birdr et l., 2014). Tody, the wter resources hve been the most exploited nturl system since mn pced the erth. Pollution of the wter bodies is incresing due to rpid popultion growth, industril prolifertion, urbniztion, incresing living stndrds wide rnges of humn ctivities. In Indi too, studies on the problem of wter pollution strted quite erly but wter qulity studies were given ttention only during the lst few decdes when the sitution become lrming (Oinm nd Belgli, 2006). Wter contmintion with pthogens nd pollutnts crete mny helth problems for the consuming the wter. As such wter qulity in reltion to humn helth is n importnt fct of limnology, even though ecologicl interreltionship, species diversity nd physico-chemicl properties of Lkes hve received considerble ttention (Krishn et l.,2009; Birdr et l.,2014). The min purpose of the present study ws to evlute the impct of pollution by ssessing the physico-chemicl qulity of Sgr lke in Ydgir district of Krntk. II. Mterils nd Methods Study re Sgr lke is locted in the Shhpur tluk of Ydgir district in Krntk stte with n elevtion of 1387 MSL. Sgr is 10 Kms south-southwest (SSW) of the town of Shhpur. The totl re of the wter body is bout km 2 with wter spred re of km 2 nd depth of the lke is round 4-5 meters. All rights Reserved Pge 79

2 lke is situted in between 16 о N & 16 о N ltitude nd 76 о E to76 о E longitude (Figure 1). Smpling methods The wter smples of Sgr lke were collected from August 2014 to Mrch The well clened plstic continers were tken for smple collection to test physico chemicl prmeters. The smples were collected between 8.00 m to m nd were brought to the lbortory crefully for further nlysis using stndrd procedures (APHA, 1998; Anej, 2001; Trivedi nd Goel, 1986). Physico-chemicl prmeters The Physico-chemicl fctors such s ir nd wter temperture, ph, electricl conductivity, TDS, totl lklinity, DO, BOD, COD, totl hrdness, clcium, mgnesium, chlorides, nitrtes nd phosphtes were nlyzed ccording to stndrd methods of APHA (1998). III. Results nd Discussion The sesonl vritions in the physico-chemicl prmeters of Sgr lke ws illustrted in Tble 1 nd Figure 2. The physic-chemicl prmeters nd nlysis of Sgr lke showed tht ll most ll the prmeters were within the limits. Wheres, some prmeters were exceeded the limits. The minimum ir temperture (28.5 о C) in monsoon seson nd mximum (35 о C) in pre-monsoon seson ws recorded wheres, minimum wter temperture (24.67 о C) in post-monsoon seson nd mximum (27.67 о C) in pre-monsoon were observed. A mximum ph of 8.48 in post-monsoon nd minimum of 7.62 in monsoon ws recorded. This is in ccordnce with erlier work by Wetzel (1975) who reported tht the vlue of ph rnges from 8 to 9 in Indin wters. The electricl conductivity ws mximum with 1336 µmhos/cm in pre-monsoon nd minimum in monsoon with 491µmhos/cm. The TDS vlue found high during pre-monsoon (699 mg/l) nd low during monsoon (250 mg/l) but vlues were within the permissible limits. Totl lklinity ws minimum during monsoon with 134 mg/l nd mximum during pre-monsoon (208 mg/l). Excessive lklinity my cuse eye irrittion in humns nd chlorosis in plnts. Alklinity itself is not hrmful to humn beings; still wter supply with less thn 100 mg/l of lklinity is desirble for domestic use. According to USPHA mximum permissible limit is 120 mg/l. DO level ws high during post-monsoon (8.24 mg/l) nd low during pre-monsoon ( 5.47 mg/l ). The presence of DO in wter my be due to direct diffusion from ir nd photosynthetic ctivity of utotrophs. The ddition of vriety of biodegrdble pollutnts from runoff nd domestic sources stimultes the growth of micro orgnisms; which consume the DO of the wter. DO is good indictor of wter qulity nd its reltion to the distribution nd bundnce of vrious lgl species long with the degree of pollution by orgnic mtter nd level of self purifiction of wter (Preeti Gupt et l, 2011). The BOD vlues were observed minimum in ll the sesons nd were within the permissible limits. COD vlues were observed high in pre-monsoon with mg/l nd low in monsoon with mg/l. The Totl Hrdness vlues were lower in monsoon ( mg/l) nd higher in pre-monsoon with mg/l respectively. Knnn (1991) hs clssified wter on the bsis of hrdness vlues in the following mnner; 0-60 mg/l, soft mg/l, modertely hrd mg/l, hrd nd greter thn 180 mg/l very hrd. Hrdness below 300 mg/l is considered potble but beyond this limits cuse gstro-intestinl irrittion (ICMR 1975; Preeti Gupt et l, 2011). Norml wter hrdness does not pose ny direct helth problems. Likewise, Clcium nd mgnesium vlues were minimum in monsoon seson nd mximum in premonsoon nd were within the permissible limits All rights Reserved Pge 80

3 The chloride level ws low in monsoon ( mg/l ) nd high in pre- monsoon with mg/l. The incresed concentrtion of chloride is considered s n indictor of eutrophiction (Hynes 1963) nd pollution due to sewge (Choursi nd Adoni 1985; Preeti Gupt et l,2011). In nturl surfce wter the concentrtion of chloride is normlly low. Nevertheless, the Nitrte content ws mximum in pre-monsoon (4.018 mg/l) nd minimum in postmonsoon (0.467 mg/l). Phosphte level vried low in post-monsoon with mg/l nd high in premonsoon with mg/l respectively. IV. Conclusion The present findings will help to educte the people towrds the implementtion of proper remedil mesures to mintin its qulity of wter. There is need of continuous monitoring of Sgr lke nd wreness hs to be creted mong the locl people. The impliction lso hs been put for enforcement of environmentl lws nd regultions. In conclusion, the physico-chemicl prmeters of the Sgr lke were not exceeded the limits nd hence wter is fit for potbility. The lke is not polluted nd included under modertely oligotrophic wter body. Bibliogrphy 1. Anej K.R.2001.Experiments in Microbiology, Plnt pthology, Tissue Culture nd Mushroom production technology, Edition II, New Age Interntionl publictions, New Delhi. 2. APHA. AWWA, WPCF Stndrd methods for exmintion of wter nd wste wter, 19 th Edn. Americn Public Helth Assocition, Wshington DC. 3. Aydin A The Microbiologicl nd Physico-chemicl qulity of Groundwter in west thrce, Turkey, Polish J. of Environ.Stud, 16(3), Birdr N.V, Ambrish S. Sindgi, Belld A. S, Jyrm Reddy,Rvi Nvlur, Shivrj Nykr, Mthews P. Rj, Sdshiv S. O nd Chndrshekhr Unkl Assessment of physico-chemicl nd microbiologicl prmeters of Kotur Lke, Dhrwd, Krntk, Indi. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(2): Choursi, S.K nd Adoni A.D Zooplnkton dynmics in shllow eutropic lke. Indin proceedings of Nturl Smples Pure nd Applied Limnology ( Editor A.B.Adoni). Bulletin of Botnicl Society, Sgr, Indi 32 : Hynes, H.B.N The biology of the polluted wters. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, U.K. pp Indin Council of Medicl Reserch (1975). Mnul of stndrds of qulity for drinking wter supplies, Indin Council of Medicl Reserch, New Delhi. 8. Knnn K Fundmentls of Environmentl Pollution, S.Chnd nd Compny Ltd, New Delhi. 9. Krishn H.R, Rmchndr M.M nd Shivbsvih., Microbil qulity of totl coliforms nd fecl coliforms in eutrophicted wter bodies of Bnglore Region,Krntk, Indin, The Bioscn Journl,4(3), Oinm J. D nd Belgli S.K., 2006.Physico-chemicl nd Biologicl qulity of drinking wter in Mndy district, Krntk, South Asin Anthropology, l6(1), Preeti Gupt, Sunit Agrwl, nd Ir Gupt Assessment of Physico-Chemicl Prmeters of Vrious Lkes of Jipur, Rjsthn, Indi. Indin Journl of Fundmentl nd Applied Life Sciences Vol. 1 (3) July-September, pp Trivedi R.K. nd Goel, P.K Chemicl nd biologicl methods for wter pollution studies, Enviromedi, Krd, Mhrstr, Indi. 13. Wetzel R.G Limnology, W.B.Sunders Co., Phildelphi, USA, 743. Prmeter Air Temp. Wter Temp. ph Tble 1: Sesonl wter qulity of Sgr lke in Ydgir district of Krntk Post Pre Post Pre Post Monsoo Pre Monsoo ±2.12 ±1.00 ±1.29 ±0.71 ±1.53 ±1.41 ±1.41 ±1.21 ± ±0.71 ±0.58 ±0.58 ±0.71 ±1.00 ±1.41 ±0.82 ±0.82 ± ±0.22 ±0.64 ±0.45 ±0.23 ±0.38 ±0.50 ±0.20 ±0.47 All rights Reserved Pge 81

4 EC ± ±51.51 ± ±21.92 ±96.27 ± ±62.51 ±82.08 ±204 TDS ±45.96 ±24.99 ±98.44 ±31.82 ±52.99 ± ±32.40 ±37.92 ±109 T.Alk ±22.63 ±14.42 ±38.14 ±29.70 ±12.00 ±8.49 ±23.69 ±12.07 ±32.07 DO ±0.57 ±0.81 ±0.33 ±1.15 ±0.84 ±0.29 ±0.78 ±0.75 ±0.43 BOD ±0.29 ±0.24 ±0.20 ±0.29 ±0.23 ±0.29 ±0.52 ±0.21 ±0.53 COD ±2.83 ±3.06 ±3.37 ±2.12 ±5.51 ±2.12 ±3.30 ±4.18 ±3.62 T. Hrdness ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±38.38 Mg ±3.96 ±0.80 ±4.31 ±2.27 ±3.78 ±1.70 ±4.73 ±5.28 ±5.77 C ±4.02 ±2.93 ±3.49 ±6.83 ±2.79 ±5.81 ±5.31 ±5.01 ±5.88 Chloride ±15.04 ±22.71 ±13.32 ±12.03 ±4.25 ±3.01 ±22.23 ±24.10 ±26.48 NO ±0.071 ±0.048 ±0.164 ±0.040 ±0.084 ±0.048 ±0.073 ±0.083 ±0.156 PO ±0.000 ±0.001 ±0.004 ±0.001 ±0.000 ±0.003 ±0.001 ±0.001 ±0.004 All the prmeters re expressed in terms of mg/l. except temperture ( C) & conductivity(µmhos/cm) S g r l Figure 1: Study re nd smpling loction k e l k All rights Reserved Pge 82

5 Figure 2 : Sesonl vritions in physico-chemicl prmeters of wter in Sgr All rights Reserved Pge 83