Kishan Kumarsingh March 2013

Transcription

1 Kishan Kumarsingh March 2013 The Bali Action Plan (Decision 1/CP.13) launched a process to reach an agreed outcome to advance the climate regime with a scheduled end at COP 15 in 2009 at Copenhagen. However, the legal nature of this outcome was not clear and Parties had strong and divergent views throughout the negotiations.

2 It provided that developed countries were to take measurable, reportable and verifiable nationally appropriate mitigation actions or commitments, including targets, and that developing countries were to take nationally appropriate mitigation actions in the context of sustainable development, with the provision of assistance, in a measurable reportable and verifiable Despite intense negotiations at the highest levels in the two years leading to Copenhagen, COP-15 could not reach an agreed outcome, and the COP-15 took note of the Copenhagen Accord. The Copenhagen Accord recognizes the scientific view that the increase in global temperature should be below 2 degree Celsius, but does not prescribe aggregate or individual emission reduction targets, either mid-term or long-term.

3 It requires developed countries to commit to targets and developing countries to undertake mitigation actions. It created the Green Climate Fund and incorporates financial promises of developed countries It launched a technology mechanism It has no legal standing in the UNFCCC process. At COP-16 in Cancun, Parties further fleshed out the spirit of the Copenhagen Accord that culminated in the Cancun Agreements The Agreements covered: Finance mobilisation of USD100 billion per year t assist developing countries implement climate actions Technology the Tecnhology Mechanism Adaptation The Cancun adaptation Framework and Adaptation Committee

4 The Agreements covered: Mitigation - Encourage the participation of all countries in reducing these emissions, in accordance with each country's different responsibilities and capabilities to do so. Capacity building - Build up global capacity, especially in developing countries, to meet the overall challenge COP 16 also requested the AWG-LCA to continue discussing legal options with the aim of completing an agreed outcome based on decision 1/CP.13 (Bali Action Plan),

5 In Durban, discussions on legal options continued under the AWG-LCA Resulted in decision 1/CP.17 and established the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) as a process to develop a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention applicable to all Parties The Durban outcomes looked to address these challenges in a more connected way by embodying a road map for implementation over a longer time horizon than has commonly been the case in the history of the Convention Road map embodies four main areas: 1. Second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol The continuation of the current international legal system through a second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, under which developed countries commit to greenhouse gas cuts and which enshrines existing accounting rules and models of international cooperation that may inform future efforts.

6 2. Launch of new platform of negotiations The launch of a new platform of negotiations under the Convention to deliver a new and universal greenhouse gas reduction protocol, legal instrument or other outcome with legal force by 2015 for the period beyond This new negotiation critically includes finding ways to further raise the existing level of national and international action and stated ambition to bring greenhouse gas emissions down. 3. Conclusion in 2012 of existing broad-based stream of negotiations A decision to conclude within 2012 the work of the existing broad based stream of negotiations that includes all member nations under the Convention. This includes work to make existing national emission reduction or emission limitation plans more transparent. It also encompasses the launch and long-term implementation of the comprehensive global support network that will deliver funding and technology to help developing countries build their own clean energy futures and construct societies and economies which are resilient to climate change

7 COP-18 defined the Doha Gateway where Governments: Strengthened their resolve and set out a timetable to adopt a universal climate agreement by 2015, which will come into effect in 2020 Streamlined the negotiations, completing the work under the Bali Action Plan to concentrate on the new work towards a 2015 agreement under a single negotiating stream in the Ad hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP). COP-18 defined the Doha Gateway where Governments: Emphasized the need to increase their ambition to cut greenhouse gases (GHGs) and to help vulnerable countries to adapt Launched a new commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol, thereby ensuring that this treaty's important legal and accounting models remain in place and underlining the principle that developed countries lead mandated action to cut greenhouse gas emissions Made further progress towards establishing the financial and technology support and new institutions to enable clean energy investments and sustainable growth in developing countries

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