U.S. East Coast Carbon Cycle Workshop. Virginia Institute of Marine Science January 19-20, 2012

Transcription

1 U.S. East Coast Carbon Cycle Workshop Virginia Institute of Marine Science January 19-20, 2012

2 History & Context The Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group (CCIWG) request A U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan (1999) NACP and OCB The North American Continental Margins (NACM) workshop (2005)

3 Coastal Interim Synthesis Activity Initiated at July 2008 OCB Five regions established East Coast Marjy Friedrichs, Ray Najjar, & Wei-Jun Cai Gulf of Mexico Paula Coble West Coast Simone Alin Arctic Jeremy Mathis Great Lakes Galen McKinley An informal literature review (Najjar et al. 2009)

4 U.S. East Coast Carbon Cycle Workshop Main goal: Bring together scientists to develop a C budget for coastal waters of the eastern U.S. Organizers: Friedrichs, Najjar, & Cai Invite on OCB and NACP mailing lists 35 scientists 8 flux teams Pre-workshop efforts Report: budget, short-term plans, long-term recommendations

5 timeline Open invitation: October 21, 2011 Workshop date: January 19-20, 2012 Report submitted: April 25, 2012 Follow-up conference calls ms preparations

6 Control volume Southern tip of FL to southern tip of Scotian peninsula Head of tide to shelf break (~100-m isobath) Sediment-water interface to air-water interface

7 100 m 500 m Areas (10 10 m 2 ) GOM + GB+NS = 16.7 MAB = 8.6 SAB = 9.2 Total Ocean = 34.5 Estuaries = 5.9 Tidal wetlands = 1.2 Total = 41.6

8 C fluxes of interest INTERFACIAL Inputs from rivers & groundwater Wetland-estuary exchange Estuary-coastal ocean exchange Coastal ocean-open ocean exchange Air-water exchange Sediment-water exchange INTERNAL Photosynthesis Respiration and NCP 8

9 Riverine input (Butman lead) Four models: LOADEST, SPARROW, Global NEWS, & DLEM Statistical vs. mechanistic Different areal coverage & reference years Different C forms (DOC, POC, TOC, DIC) Crude DOC groundwater flux estimate (1 Tg C yr -1 )

10 LOADEST stations and drainages Stets and Striegl (2012)

11 Riverine fluxes (Tg C yr -1 ) Papers planned: (1) Model intercomparison (Butman lead) (2) DLEM analysis (Tian lead)

12 Fluxes in tidal wetlands (Kroeger et al.) Upscaling approach Wetland types: fresh & brackish/saline Burial & lateral fluxes NPP crude

13 Tidal wetlands mass balance NPP D = CO 2 degassing R = respiration E = Export to estuary B = OC burial OC balance: NPP = R + B + E OC IC balance: R = D + E IC TC balance: NPP D = B + E oc + E IC

14 Tidal wetland fluxes (Tg C yr -1 ) Paper planned on tidal wetlands budget (Kroeger lead)

15 Estuarine fluxes (Kemp and McCallister leads) I = Input from rivers and tidal wetlands B = OC burial CO 2 degassing NPP, R NCP E = Export to coastal ocean OC balance: NPP R = B + E OC I OC

16 64 Major Estuaries Along US East Coast (Bricker et al., 2007) Mid Atlantic example Existing NCP Rate Estimates (22/64) Supporting Data Files: Freshwater inputs, salinity Water residence time TN, TP inputs, pools Other data?

17 NCP upscaling approach for estuaries? NCP Autotrophy Heterotrophy Kemp and Testa (2012)

18 Estuaries plan Gather NCP, burial, and NPP estimates Develop statistical model Determine E OC and R by difference (Missing D and E IC ) Upscale Paper planned (Kemp lead)

19 Air-sea exchange (Wang lead) Ocean waters only CO 2 only Three approaches: data binning, statistical model, & NENA (Signorini & Friedrichs leads) Planned papers: Data/statistical model (Signorini lead) Inorganic C system (Wang lead) Gulf of Maine (Salisbury lead)

20 Air-sea CO 2 fluxes (Tg C yr -1 ) No DOM dynamics

21 Sediment-water exchange (Pilskaln & Burdige leads) Flux data synthesis: vertical POC ( m), resuspension, sediment remineralization, & burial Ocean waters only Paper planned on GoM C budget with sediment comparison to MAB and SAB (Pilskaln lead)

22 Sedimentary organic carbon remineralization synthesis 10 (mol C m -2 yr -1 ) 1

23 Sediment-water fluxes (Tg C yr -1 )

24 Exchange at the ocean boundary (Vlahos lead) Approaches: tracer-based and 3-D model Vlahos tracer analysis: MAB imports DIC and exports DOC Papers planned: DIC/DOC analysis of OMP data (Vlahos and Cai) C budget of NENA (Friedrichs)

25 NENA exports to open ocean (Tg C yr -1 )

26 Primary production (Vaillancourt lead) Ocean water column only Data synthesis, satellites, & NENA

27 Water-column primary production (Tg C yr -1 )

28 Respiration and NCP (Cai lead) Respiration data very rare (except SAB) NCP estimated using tracers: SAB heterotrophic, MAB autotrophic Seasonal nutrient drawdowns are NCP lower bound (Tomaso)

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30 Coastal Synthesis Time Line Fall 2012 Gulf of Mexico Coastal Carbon Synthesis Workshop - OPEN Winter Great Lakes Coastal Carbon Synthesis Workshop - OPEN Jan-Feb 2013 West Coast/Arctic Coastal Carbon Synthesis Workshop - OPEN Feb 2013 Presentation and session at NACP PI Meeting February 2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting Special Session Draft Budgets for all 5 regions July 2014 Final Coastal Synthesis Workshop Final Budgets and Research Plan