Science M (modular) Physics M (modular) MPH1HP. (Jan14MPH1Hp01) General Certificate of Secondary Education Higher Tier January 2014.

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1 Centre Number Surname Candidate Number For Examiner s Use Other Names Candidate Signature Examiner s Initials Question Mark Science M (modular) Unit Physics P1 Physics M (modular) Unit Physics P1 Tuesday 21 January 2014 General Certificate of Secondary Education Higher Tier January am to am MPH1HP H TOTAL For this paper you must have: a ruler a calculator the Physics Equations Sheet (enclosed). B Time allowed 1 hour Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the es at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. around each page or on blank pages. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 60. You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. Question 2(a) should be answered in continuous prose. In this question you will be marked on your ability to: use good English organise information clearly use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Advice In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. (Jan14MPH1Hp01) G/KL/101800/Jan14/E4 MPH1HP

2 2 Answer all questions in the spaces provided. 1 Light and sound travel as waves. The diagram shows a longitudinal wave on a stretched spring. 1 (a) (i) State what is meant by a longitudinal wave. 1 (a) (ii) Write a letter R on the diagram above to show the position of a rarefaction. (1 mark) 1 (a) (iii) What did the student do to produce a longitudinal wave on the stretched spring? (1 mark) (02)

3 3 1 (b) The picture shows some people watching a firework display. During the display, the flash from a firework is seen before the bang from the firework is heard. Suggest what this tells you about the speed of light waves compared with the speed of sound waves. (1 mark) 1 (c) Give two properties that are the same for both light waves and sound waves Turn over (03)

4 4 2 Mountain climbers can freeze to death if they are outside during snowy weather. They need to know how to make and use an emergency snow hole. The snow hole helps to reduce energy transfer from the climber s body. The diagram shows some design features of a snow hole. There are also instructions on how the climber should use the snow hole. Instructions on use Wear many thin layers of clothing. Design feature Have a good thickness of snow all around. Do not sit directly on the snow. Keep entrance below sitting level. 2 (a) In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate. For each instruction and design feature in the diagram: state the process of energy transfer it reduces explain how it reduces the energy transfer. (04)

5 5 (6 marks) 2 (b) The climber has a gas stove to warm water for a drink. She places 0.25 kg of water at a temperature of 2 C in a metal mug and places the mug on the stove. 2 (b) (i) Calculate the energy needed to heat the water up from 2 C to 90 C and give the unit. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg C. Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet. Energy =... (4 marks) 2 (b) (ii) The gas stove would have provided more energy than the answer to part (b)(i). Suggest two reasons why Turn over (05)

6 6 3 Some power stations use coal as their energy source. Cooling tower Waste steam Transformer Cold water in Boiler Burning fuel Transmission cables 3 (a) Describe how a coal-fired power station generates electricity. (4 marks) (06)

7 7 3 (b) The electrical output from the generator is changed by the transformer. 3 (b) (i) State two ways the output from the generator is changed by the transformer (b) (ii) Why is the output from the power station changed before the electricity is transmitted along the cables of the National Grid? (1 mark) 3 (c) An environmental campaign group wants more people to use battery-powered electric cars. Electric cars produce no exhaust gases when in use. The batteries need regular recharging from the mains electricity supply. 3 (c) (i) Suggest why the use of more electric cars may not reduce the overall emission of polluting gases. 3 (c) (ii) Scientists working for the environmental campaign group claim to have evidence that the use of electric cars would reduce health problems in young children. Why should their evidence be checked by independent scientists before being published? (1 mark) 10 Turn over (07)

8 8 4 A solar refrigerator is designed to keep milk cool. The refrigerator works without using electricity. An inner metal container holds the milk. This is surrounded by an outer container with holes in the side. The space between the containers is filled with wet sand. The sand dries out as the water in the sand evaporates. Lid Inner metal container Wet sand Holes in outer container Milk 4 (a) Explain, in terms of particles, why the evaporation of the water from the sand keeps the milk cool. (4 marks) (08)

9 9 4 (b) Which two of the following changes in the design and use of the solar refrigerator would make the milk cool faster? Tick ( ) two es. Having the same number of holes but making them smaller Keeping the sand drier Having an inner container made from plastic Having more holes of the same size as the original design Placing the solar refrigerator in a draught 6 Turn over for the next question Turn over (09)

10 10 5 The graph shows how the speed of some water waves varies with the depth of the water. Speed of water waves in metres per second Depth of water in metres (a) (i) What conclusion should you make from the graph? 5 (a) (ii) Water waves are travelling across water of depth 0.8 m. The water waves have a wavelength of 2.0 m. Calculate the frequency of the water waves. Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet. Frequency =... Hz (3 marks) (10)

11 11 5 (b) The diagram shows water waves passing from a region of deeper water into a region of shallower water. Direction of energy transfer Deeper water Shallower water State how, if at all, the amplitude, wavelength and frequency of the water waves change as they pass from deeper water into shallower water. Amplitude... Wavelength... Frequency... 7 Turn over for the next question Turn over (11)

12 12 6 A caravan owner wants to compare three portable televisions to find which one is the most efficient. He connects each television to a 12 volt car battery. He switches the televisions on and records how long each television works before the battery runs out and is fully discharged. Car battery A B C 6 (a) Suggest two variables that the caravan owner should control to make the test valid (b) The caravan owner concludes that television C is more efficient than television A or B. Explain what is meant by television C being more efficient than television A or B. (12)

13 13 6 (c) The battery supplies 20 joules of electrical energy every second to television B. The television transfers 15 joules of useful energy every second. Complete the Sankey diagram for television B. The input electrical energy is drawn for you. Electrical energy input 20 J / s 6 Turn over for the next question Turn over (13)

14 14 There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED (14)

15 15 7 (a) Sound waves have a number of different properties. 7 (a) (i) What property of a sound wave determines the pitch of the sound? (1 mark) 7 (a) (ii) What property of a sound wave determines the loudness of the sound? (1 mark) 7 (b) Submarines use echoes to determine the depth of water under the submarine. What is an echo? (1 mark) 7 (c) Submarines can also use the Doppler effect to measure the speed of other submarines around them. What is the Doppler effect? Question 7 continues on the next page Turn over (15)

16 16 7 (d) To investigate the Doppler effect, a scientist mounted a siren on a model train. The train moved at a constant speed along a track towards a sound sensor. The sound sensor was by the side of the track. The sound sensor was connected to a data logger. Siren Sound sensor Data logger The frequency of the sound was recorded as the train moved towards the sound sensor. The measurement was repeated with the train moving at different constant speeds. Graph 1 shows how the recorded frequency varies with the speed of the train. Graph Recorded frequency in hertz Speed of model train in metres per second 0.5 (16)

17 17 7 (d) (i) What was the frequency of the sound emitted by the siren? (1 mark) 7 (d) (ii) The scientist had a choice of three data loggers with different resolutions. 0.1 Hz 1 Hz 10 Hz Circle the resolution of the data logger the scientist used. State the reason for your answer. 7 (d) (iii) What advantage is there in using a model train for this investigation rather than using a full-size train? (1 mark) Question 7 continues on the next page Turn over (17)

18 18 7 (e) The same sound sensor is attached to a data logger and is placed by the side of a road. A lorry, sounding its air horn, travels along the road. Graph 2 shows how the recorded frequency of the sound from the air horn varies with the distance of the lorry from the sound sensor. Graph 2 Recorded frequency in hertz Distance between lorry and sound sensor in metres Explain why the frequency recorded on the data logger follows the pattern shown on Graph 2. (3 marks) 12 END OF QUESTIONS (18)

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20 20 There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT-HOLDERS AND PUBLISHERS Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified. Copyright 2014 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. (20)