GEODE Spring Seminar

Transcription

1 GEODE Spring Seminar Integration of renewable energy: Gas as P!mary Energy for Generation of Elect!city Dr. Götz Brühl 1

2 Overview 1. Heat is and remains important 2. Biomass is decisive for the proportion of renewable energy 3. Electricity storage facilities are not available in the near future 4. Key task: integration of wind- and solar power 5. Wind- und solar power needs high efficient complementation 6. Energy concept Rosenheim: CO2 neutral until Summary 2

3 Starting point 2012+: Wind- and solar power increase significantly

4 Energy related CO2 emissions in Germany Ref.: CO2 emissions (energy related) per gross electricity consumption in to/mwh 1,8 1,5 1,2 0,9 0,6 0,

5 1 Heat is and remains important All kind of energy is important, but the proportion of heat is bigger, than all others combined

6 Total final energy consumption in Germany 2010 Illumination 3 % ICT 2 % House heating 31 % Mechanical energy 37 % Water heating 4 % Other process heating 21 % Other process cooling 2 % Ref.: 6

7 Total domestic energy consumption % 11 % 2 % : 13 % Electricity 87 % Heat 77 % 11 % 12 % 2 % 75 % 12 % 12 % 2 % 74 % 14 % 13 % 2 % 71 % % 2 % House heating Water heating Cooking Electrical devices 2050: 16 % Electricity 84 % Heat 16 % 68 % 7 Ref.: Studie Energieszenarien für ein Energiekonzept der Bundesregierung 2010

8 Sankey Diagram for Germany 2008 Ref.: BMWi 8

9 2 Biomass is decisive for the proportion of renewable energy

10 Contribution of renewable energies to the primary energy source PJ/a Ref.: contribution of renewable energies to the PES - in PJ solar power, geothermal power, heat pump sewage gas incl. biogas waste, landfill gas biodiesel, other liquid fuels wood, straw, other ligneous materials photovoltaic wind power hydro power of public interest biomass and residual material of public interest wind water 10

11 3 Cold period February 2012

12 Electricity demand Germany and France 2011 Ref.: ENTSO-E Germany capacity in MW France

13 Market reaction to the cold period Febr Electricity more expensive in France, than in Germany Gas Electricity 13

14 3 Power storage facilities are not available in the near future

15 Wind and solar power feed-in in Germany Wind+PV Wind-Summe Comparison: Largest Batteriestorage plant in Germany (14 MWh, Bewag, Anlage shut down) [to smal to show] Ref.: TSOs Leistung in MW Comparison: Capacity of all pump storage plants in Germany (40 GWh) [~ 4 Mio. E-vehicles] Demand ~ 1000-times

16 Grid load per 100 GW inst. wind and solar power capacity Ref.: BMWi, TSOs, ENTSO-E Leistung in MW

17 Grid load per 100 GW inst. wind and solar power capacity (2) Ref.: BMWi, TSOs, ENTSO-E Leistung in MW

18 Annual duration curve of Wind- a. Solar power production Wind 2011 PV 2011 Wind+PV 2011 Offshore Wind Leistung Wind- und PV-Strom in MW Leistung Offshore Windstrom in MW Stunden pro Jahr 0 18

19 Power to Gas ( is a Schmarrn?) Wind- und PV-Stromerzeugung Überschußstrom H2O Elektrolyse Nennwirkungsgrad: 70 % CO2- Quelle:?? CO2 H2 O2 Methanisierung 4 H₂ + CO₂ => CH₄ + 2 H₂O Wärmeverlust: 22,6 % Wirkungsgrad: 70 % Gasnetz CH4 252,8 kj/kmol H2O Gaskraftwerk Wirkungsgrad: 55 % Stromnetz "Ausgespeicherter" Strom Gesamtwirkungsgrad: 26,9 % (ohne Netzverluste) 19 Stromkosten bei 2000 Vollbenutzungsstunden p. a. ca /MWh (Ref.: RWE)

20 Share of renewable electricity in Germany Anteil des Stroms aus regenerativen Energiequellen* Ziele im Energiekonzept der Bundesregierung 80% 65% 50% 35% 4% 4% 5% 5% 7% 7% 8% 8% 9% 10% 12% 14% 15% 16% 17% 20%** * bezogen auf den Brutto-Inlandsstromverbrauch Deutschlands ** vorläufig Quelle: BDEW 20

21 4 Key Task: Integration of wind- and solar power Is it possible to earn money by beeing energy efficient (by chp and district heating) and by balancing the grid (by completing wind and solar electricity)? 21

22 Future Electricity Production of Residual Load Must be s: reliable at any time fast switching fast load changing high efficient operationg with renewable fuels Solution (at least one solution): CHP (fastest switching: Gas Engines) with Biogas, Wood gas and Natural gas, + Heat Storage + Distict Heating Operation CHP runs (only) in completion of wind and solar power this is also price driven due to low electricity price by strong wind or blue sky Heat is stored between electricity production (in CHP) and heat demand 22

23 Effects of the EEG EEG facility distribution grid transmission grid conventional power plant power generation take in possible? yes take in possible? yes declines production no no renewable shut down pays acc. EEG PP-operation becomes uneconomic pays for shut down sells in el. market for every price PP capacity declines consumer pays via grid electricity market declines el. price residual load price rises pays via EEG pays via el. price Electricity export 23

24 Annual new capacity of renewables in electricity prod. Quelle: BMU Leitstudie

25 Market simulation: annual PV, Wind u. Residual prod. 4E+08 JA Res.Last JA PV JA Wind 3E+08 Generation in MWh/a 2E+08 1E+08 Bei Abschaltung von Wind + PV-Leistung bei Überproduktion 0E

26 Markt simulation: Overproduction of PV and Wind Cut-off of Wind and PV in % of possible production 9 % 8 % 7 % 6 % 5 % 4 % 3 % 2 % 1 % rel. PV-cut-off w/o frequency-reserve rel. Wind-cut-off w/o frequency-reserve rel. PV-cut-off w. 7 GW frequency-reserve rel. Wind-cut-off w. 7 GW frequency-reserve 0 % Bei Abschaltung von Wind + PV-Leistung bei Überproduktion

27 Market simulation: annual duration curve of residual power production Res.Last-00 Res.Last-11 Res.Last-15 Res.Last-20 Res.Last-25 Res.Last Residuallast in MW Stunden pro Jahr If wind- and solar power are determined in case of overproduction

28 Market simulation: annual duration curve of electricity prices Preis-00 Preis-11 Preis-15 Preis-20 Preis-25 Preis-30 Preis in /MWh If wind- and solar power are determined in case of overproduction Stunden pro Jahr

29 Market simulation: average spot market prices Average spot market prices Reduction of powerplant capacity Reduction of conventional power plants in % of inst. wind- and solar power capacity 0 % 10 % 20 % 30 %

30 Market simulation: CHP electricity revenue with heat storage 70 Average CHP spot market revenue in /MWh Reduction of PP capacities Reduction of conventional power plants in % of installed wind- and solar power capacity 0 % 10 % 20 % 30 %

31 Market simulation: electricity prices (value of electrical power) 70 In case of reduction of conventional power plants about 20 % of inst. wind- and solar power capacitiy 60 elecrical power price in /MWh Heat storage size 30 spot price solar power price wind CHP osp. 20 CHP -mtagessp. CHP-bSp. KWK- Sp. price residual load

32 Market simulation: CHP additional electricity revenue due to heat storage 1000 In case of reduction of conventional power plants about 20 % of inst. wind- and solar power capacitiy Annual benefit of storage in k /a (2020) heat storage size in MWh income 2020 in k /a Ertrag -Annu. Speicheinv.

33 5 Energy concept Rosenheim: highefficient complementaion of wind - and solar power generation

34 Gas engine Jenbacher J620 34

35 Heat storage 35

36 District heating customer capacity Fernwärme Anschlußleistungen in kw % in 3 years

37 New gas engine Jenbacher J920 for our location Schoenfeldstrasse 37

38 Wood gasification testing plant # 7 (29. Dez. 2011) 38

39 6 Energy concept Rosenheim: CO2 neutral until 2025

40 CO2 balance Rosenheim: electricity- and heat supply % 100 % % CO2 emissions in to/a % 50 % CO2 savings % 2 % 10 % goal: 0 0 ohne Stw % CO2 without traffic decrease against

41 7 Summary

42 List of solutions Gas Gas Gas Waste of energy reduced by cogeneration efficient fuel use (*) complementation of wind- and solar power: power generation in case of loss; combined with big heat storages (*) use of bio- and wood gas CHPs (*) ethical promotion of biomass power generation biogas production without food and feed (bad example E10: cereals and maize) wood gasification (*) algae production (efficient oil- and feed production with CO 2 consumption) (*) storage expansion pumped storage plant for daily balance (*) addition of hydrogen in CHPs for daily and weekly balance (*) heat storage for weekly balance (*) gas storages for annual balance (already existing) DC-Supergrid in Europa (projecting first test line starts in Germany) (*) our actual themes large-scale (larger than high- and low pressure systems) load balancing between production and consumption free-market incentive to energy- and CO2 saving 42

43 #ank y$ for y$r a%ention! 43