Environmentally Friendly

Transcription

1 Ethiopia Productive Safety Net Programme Environmentally Friendly Public Works South-South Learning Forum Arusha, Tanzania 17 June 2010

2 Basic Programme Design The PSNP supplies around $400 mn/ann in the form of transfers (food or cash) to around 8 million beneficiaries nationwide. Transfers are provided as salary for work on community-selected development projects 2

3 Design Features Affecting Safeguards Implementation: The Ethiopia PW Programme is very large 8 regions Around 300 weredas (districts) 5,000 kebeles (sub-districts) Approximately 12,500 community watersheds Each year, approximately 40,000 sub-projects, many in remote areas Employing around 1.6million household heads. 3

4 Objectives of PW Public Works develop sustainable community assets as well as preventing depletion of house hold assets providing social infrastructure Environmental transformation & Improve the productive capacity of natural resource base thereby increasing i productivity it and improving livelihoods 4

5 PW Sub-projects types Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) Social Infrustructure SSI Water supply FTC Road construction

6 Sub-Projects are designed and planned by community according to watershed management principles 6

7 7

8 Ongoing SWC Sub-projects 8

9 Trenches to arrest Run-off

10 Just in three months

11 This is possible change

12 However, although most of the sub-projects are designed for positive environmental impact, they may sometimes have the opposite effect. For example: Soil bunds that misdirect water across a farmer s field A community health facility that pollutes the local water source An access road that causes gulley erosion, or siltation of a nearby stream 12

13 Soil Erosion Gullies created & aggravated due to construction of a poorly designed road 13

14 The Environmental nm nt laws of Ethiopia are comprehensive, and provide for Env. Impact Assessment ssm (EIA), but do not require EIA for small projects. In any case, it is not feasible to carry out individual EIAs, because the sub-projects are too small, too many, and not identified in advance. 14

15 The Approach: First, build generic mitigating measures into the design These published Guidelines provide technical advice on incorporating environmental mitigating measures into sub-project design. 15

16 Secondly: In order to check on the likely sitespecific negative impacts, and modify the project design accordingly, we need an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF); The ESMF has been produced by the government in context to nature of PW, approved by the Ethiopian Env. Protection Authority and also approved by the donors; Implementation of the ESMF is mandatory for every PW sub-project. 16

17 ESMF procedure Step p( (I): Project Check: Guidance for the DA Table (I): Project Not Allowed Feature of concern Yes No Project is in, or next to, internationally-disputed territory Project requires the physical relocation of residents, or involuntary loss of assets or access to assets Project incorporates a dam of more than 15 metres in height

18 ESMF Procedure cont d If any project has an answer Yes: DA try to modify the design to avoid feature of concern, if unable to do so the project have to rejected.

19 ESMF Procedures cont d Step (II): project Screening: guidance for the woreda NR+Env.Focal person First: Check whether project falls in any of the following categories Table (II): Project needing special Attention Feature of Concern Yes No Project involves disposal of medical waste (Needs to follow Medical Waste Man. Guidelines), Project likely to use pesticides or other agro- chemicals (Needs an Integrated Pest Man. Plan) Project incorporates a dam(needs special design and construction rules*) ) Project involves land acquisition, or loss of assets, or access to assets on the land* (Needs a Voluntary Asset Loss procedure)

20 ESMF Procedure cont d Any Yes in Table (II) : Notify the Woreda Any Yes in Table (II) : Notify the Woreda head of NR, procedures are followed & fulfiiled.

21 Step (ii) Screening (continued) The Wereda Environmental/Natural Resources expert checks: PW located in a National Park,or other deignated wildlife area. PW located in Priority Forest Area. PW involves draining of or disturbance to a wetland. PW located with in recognised Cultural Heritage site. If so, try to re-design the project. If unable to do so earmark the file, PW of Environmental Concern. 21

22 Step p( (ii) Screening g( (continued) The Wereda Environmental/Natural t l Resources s expert selects a Project Screening Checklist, and assesses the potential for adverse impacts. 22

23 Step p( (ii) Screening g( (continued) - Example Roads and Footpaths Soil erosion or flooding concerns (eg, due to highly erodable soils or steep gradients) Number of stream crossings or disturbances Wet season excavation Creation of quarry sites or borrow pits Significant vegetation removal Wildlife habitats or populations disturbed Environmentally sensitive areas disturbed Cultural or religious sites disturbed New settlement pressures created Other (specify): Potential for Adverse Impacts None Low Med High Unknown 23

24 continued If there is only one high potential negative impact, incorporate mitigating measures into the design. If there are two or more high potential negative impact,or the impacts are unknown, mark the file: PW of Environmental Concern

25 Step (iii) : The Wereda forwards the project plans to the Regional NR ; & RNR Notify Regional EPA for conducting review. Step p( (iv) Regional EPA reviews the notified projects and decides if an EIA is required or not. If EIA required: prepare (TOR),aspect to be focused, discipline i required and likely l duration Step (v) Conducting an EIA. Wereda ARD Office organises an EIA, in liaison i with the Regional PWFU. Step (vi) The Regional EPA reviews the EIA and either approves the project, recommends redesign, or rejects. 25

26 Supervision and Process Monitoring in The DA ensures that the specified mitigating measures are implemented. During implementation and operations, the district Natural Resources staff verify that no significant negative impacts are occurring. 26

27 Supervision and Process Monitoring in The Regional PWFU should monitor: Implementation of the ESMF Effectiveness of the mitigating g measures 27

28 Annual ESMF Training ESMF training included in annual cascade training programme Training reaches 500 wereda staff and 5,000 DAs Training reaches 12,500 communities Estimated total Annual cost of safeguards implementation: m ti $ 2.22 million 28

29 The PSNP Programme Phase I: Phase II: Phase III:

30 2005: Awareness-creation at federal, regional and wereda levels; Wereda staff were trained in ESMF implementation; Limited ESMF implementation 2006: ESMF implementation rate increases; Stakeholders realise that t the ESMF is not a suitable operational document. The ESMF is replaced by a shorter document: the ESMF Operational Summary 2007: Responsibility for co-ordination of the PSNP Public Works programme moved to the Natural Resources Dept of the MoARD. PW Focal Units established in the Regions. ESMF implementation steadily improving; Stakeholders realise that even the ESMF Operational Summary is too long for practical purposes, so a standalone Screening Form is produced for implementing staff. 2008: Average ESMF implementation rate is estimated to have reached 70%. 30

31 2009: Further Improvements It is found that there are many different interpretations of what implementing the ESMF actually means. Different regions interpret the procedures differently. For example: Some are screening groups of projects, by kebele; Others are screening groups of projects, by type; In most cases, DAs are actually doing the screening, but the wereda staff were trained to do it. Thus: ESMF Coordination on and Supervision capacity strengthened ESMF procedures clarified regarding screening of Soil and Water Conservation sub-projects. ESMF training improved and updated ESMF Screening re-allocated to DAs, to be supervised by wereda staff. 31

32 Major Lessons Learned Training does not mean that staff will necessarily ever actually do the job. The task must be in their annual job programme. Thus communication and awareness-creation with senior regional and wereda officials The standard ESMF cannot be used as an operational document; Use ESMF just as the official document Develop an ESMF Operational Summary for senior staff Develop a One-page Screening form for implementation Participatory application developed sense of ownership for PW. PW plan integrated to the wereda development plan. 32

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