Indoor Air Quality. AMIT RAIYANI Sr. Industrial Hygienist Reliance Industries Ltd.

Transcription

1 Indr Air Quality AMIT RAIYANI Sr. Industrial Hygienist Reliance Industries Ltd. Industrial Hygiene Cell, DAOH & FWC, RIL, Jamnagar

2 Cntents Intrductin - IAQ Chemical & Bilgical Agents IAQ Indr Air Quality Investigatin Causes f Indr Air Quality Health Effect f Pr IAQ Standards & Guidelines Cntrl Measures - HVAC

3 Objective T prvide an verview f Indr Air Quality, including the varius factrs that can impact an ffice-type building and envirnmental measurements cllectin and remedial actins.

4 Histrical Prspective The cncept f IAQ first intrduced amng scientific cmmunity in 1980 due t sme ccurrences f episdes indrs. At central headquarters f EPA building at Washingtn, D.C.- mre than 100 peple fell sick within 15 minutes f entering the ffice. In Ls Angeles, CO level in mst f the well insulated buildings was three times greater than the utside level. Such episdes indrs in develped natins ended up with frmulatin f IAQ Standards & Identificatin f Sick Buildings

5 What is IAQ Indr air quality (IAQ) is a term which refers t the air quality within and arund buildings and structures, especially as it relates t the health and cmfrt f building ccupants. The quality f air inside the building including gaseus cmpsitin, humidity, temperature and air cntaminants.

6 Why Study IAQ WHO EPA Estimates that mre than 30% f all cmmercial building have significant IAQ prblems. Peple spend ver 90% f their time indrs. Indr Air Pllutants 2-5 times higher than fund utside.

7 Parameters Affecting IAQ Parameters - IAQ Physical Parameters Chemical Parameters Bilgical Parameters

8 Parameters Affecting IAQ Physical Parameters Indr Temperature Thermal Cmfrt is imprtant part in IAQ Great surce fr IAQ cmplaints Indr Relative Humidity Assciated with pr HVAC System Lw RH leads t many symptms f SBS Irritatin t eye and thrat

9 Parameters Affecting IAQ Chemical Parameters VOCs Vlatile Organic Cmpunds (Benzene, Xylene, Tluene etc.) Typically fund in building materials, Cleaners, Slvents, Paints etc. Eye, nise & thrat irritatin, headache and effects n target rgans Frmaldehyde Very lw Vlatile Organic Cmpunds Used in pressed wd prducts, adhesives etc. Recgnized as a majr cntributin in IAQ prblems.

10 Parameters Affecting IAQ Chemical Parameters CO2 Measured t access the adequacy f ventilatin Indicatr f inadequate ventilatin Expsure t high level f C2 can cause CNS effect. CO Inapprpriately placed air intake r ventilated hle Smking, vehicular exhaust Headache & nausea High cncentratin Uncnscius Die

11 Parameters Affecting IAQ Chemical Parameters Tbacc Smke Frequent causes f cmplains fr building ccupants Burning f tbacc releases mixture f chemical including CO, NO2, frmaldehyde, VOCs, and ther gases Serius respiratry illnesses Ozne Ozne is prduced by UV light Laser Printers & Xerx machine Asthma, Chrnic Brnchitis

12 Parameters Affecting IAQ Chemical Parameters Radn Radn is a radiactive gas (Alfa) that is frmed in the sil It can enter indrs thrugh cracks and penings in flrs and walls that cntact with the grund Secnd leading cause f Lung cancer in US

13 Parameters Affecting IAQ Chemical Parameters Airbrne Particles Particle Size typically defined as an aerdynamic diameter PM10 - < 10 u PM2.5 - < 2.5 u Phtmeter & Optical particle cunters ASHRAE: PM 10 Limit 0.15 mg/m3 fr 24 hurs average Ultrafine Particles Particles less than 0.1 micrn (Hair Size: 100 u) Prduce thrugh cmbustin & sme chemical reactin. Cndensatin particle cunter (CPC)

14 Parameters Affecting IAQ Bilgical Parameters Biaersls Airbrne Particles - ACGIH Released frm living rganism Mst cncern - Bacterial, Viruses, Allergan's, Mld, Fungus, Size: micrns Biaersls Dangerus Txins (Myctxins) Micrrganism Mld/Fungus Mlds is significant rle in IAQ Mld can grw n virtually any substances T prevent mld grwth is t cntrl misture

15 Bilgical Parameters Parameters Affecting IAQ Biparticulates Animal dander Allergic t humans. Pllen grains Discharged frm weeds, grasses & trees. Dust mite Cmmn cause f asthma & allergy. Survives well in mattresses, carpets, furniture & beddings.

16 IAQ Investigatin IAQ Investigatin Methds Qualitative Expsure Assessment Quantitative Expsure Assessment Identificatin Measurement f Parameters

17 IAQ Investigatin Qualitative Investigatin Surce Identificatin HVAC Evaluatin Lk fr Pllutant

18 Qualitative Investigatin Visual Inspectin & Surce Identificatin Walkthrugh visual inspectin Emissins frm nearby surces Lcating areas f misture Unsanitary cnditins and water damage Husekeeping & Maintenance Activities Building cmpnents and furnishings Chemicals released by building cmpnents Other Surces

19 Qualitative Investigatin Review HVAC system design Design & Layut Maintenance recrds Filter cleaning activity recrds Diffusers/Grills cleaning mechanism Visual inspectin AHUs Thermal cmfrt mechanism Lcatin f fresh air supply line Lcating areas f misture

20 Qualitative Investigatin Lk fr pllutants Interview Occupants Dcument emplyee health cmplaints. Mnitring f indr pllutants and ther envirnmental parameters. Develp a plan fr reducing and eliminating the IAQ prblem

21 IAQ Investigatin Quantitative Investigatin IAQ Parameters (CO2, RH, Temp) Ventilatin Rate (Air Changes) Micrbial (Fungal & Micrbes)

22 Quantitative Investigatin Indr Air Quality Measurement IAQ meter TSI Make 7525 Measured Parameters Temperature Humidity CO2 Carbn Mnxide VOCs

23 Quantitative Investigatin Cntinuus Mnitring System Prtable IAQ Meter

24 Quantitative Investigatin Cntinuus IAQ Mnitring System

25 Indr Air Quality Meter Ventilatin Rate Air Changes

26 Indr Air Quality Meter SAS: Surface Air Sampler 180 L/Min, 1000 L : < 6 Mins Agar 25*C Surface Swab Sample Micrbial Air Sampler

27 Indr Air Quality Meter What yu see What we see Hidden Mld in the Building IR Meter Hidden Mld cntaminatin Survey Thermal Imagine IR Meter Mld Investigatin

28 Three Main Causes f IAQ C Prly Design HVAC System A U Air tightness f building S E S Indr & Outdr Pllutin

29 Prly Design HVAC HVAC Air Handling Unit Grills & Diffusers Filters AHUs

30 Prly Design HVAC Prly designing f Air Cnditining & Ventilatin System, which causes Prductin f ; Fungi Mlds Other sickness causing micrbes

31 Air Tightness f Building Air Tightening f Building Negative Pressure Psitive Pressure

32 Air Tightness f Building Causes inadequate supply f fresh air, as a result, negative pressure develps, which causes Grund level pllutants, e.g. CO, Radn etc.t be drawn inside the buildings. Pull utside plluted air frm vents, cracks and penings and increase dust, pllen etc. Release f dr (Biaersls) and ther pllutants. Causes Sick Building Syndrme.

33 Indr Air Pllutin Indr & Outdr Air Pllutin

34 Health Effect Health Effect due t Pr IAQ Sick Building Syndrme (SBS) Building Related Illnesses (BRI)

35 Sick Building Syndrme (SBS) SBS Sick building syndrme (SBS) is a phenmenn affecting building ccupants wh claim t experience acute health and cmfrt effects that appear t be linked t time spent in a building, but where n specific illness r cause can be identified. Acute Health Effect + Cmfrt Effect + Time = SBS

36 Sick Building Syndrme (SBS) Symptms Headache, Fatigue, Sneezing Shrtness f breath Eye, nse, and thrat irritatin, skin irritatin Dizziness, nausea Causes Inadequate ventilatin Chemical cntaminants Bilgical cntaminants

37 Building Related Illnesses (BRI) BRI A clinically diagnsable disease r cnditin (as Leginnaires' disease r an allergic reactin) caused by a micrrganism r substance demnstrably present in a building called as BRI Hypersensitivity Pneumnitis Humidifier Fever

38 Building Related Illnesses (BRI) Hypersensitivity Pneumnitis Inflammatin in the lungs Expsure t an allergen (i.e., a freign substance that is usually an rganic dust) Surces- Animal dander, mlds, r plants. Humidity Fever Respiratry illness Expsure t txins frm micrrganisms Surce - wet r mist areas in humidifiers and ACs Als called air cnditiner r ventilatin fever)

39 Building Related Illnesses (BRI) Micrrganism (viruses, mld, bacteria): Air Handling System, Cling twer, High humidity areas, Water cler areas etc. Infectin such as leginellsis (Symptms : fever, headache, cugh etc.) An infectin caused by the bacterium Leginella pnemphilia.

40 General Health Effect General Health Effect Eye Redness, Itching, Dryness URT (Nise & Thrat) Nasal Drip, Sneezing Lungs Chest Tightness, Cugh Skin Redness, Dryness General Headache, weakness, difficulty cncentratin, nausea, dizziness

41 Standards & Guidelines Lcatin Ttal CFM Standards Temperature (*C) C t C (w) & C t C (s) ASHRAE Humidity (%) % ASHRAE CO2 (ppm) < 1000 ppm ASHRAE CO (ppm) 25 ppm ASHRAE VOC (ppm) <.5 ppm EPA RSPM 3 mg/m3 ACGIH Illuminatin (Lux) Office, INDIAN STANDARDS Frmaldehyde (ppm) 0.3 ppm ASHRAE Ventilatin (CFM/PERSON) 20 ASHRAE Air Changes (ACH) 4-12 OSHA ASHRAE American Sciety f Heating Refrigerating & Air cnditining Engineers ACGIH American Cnference f Gvernmental Industrial Hygienist

42 Standards & Guidelines Outdr Air Per Persn Calculatin Air Changes Per Hur Calculatin

43 HVAC Management HVAC management is an imprtant rle in imprving the Indr Air Quality (IAQ) Air Duct Cleaning Methdlgy

44 HVAC Management Rbtic Air Duct Cleaning Methd T cleaning f ventilatin ducts by remving the fungus, dirt, debris and ther cntaminants thrugh air washing and fumigatin. The rbtic system cnsists f three devices. The mnitr and cntrl device, The remte rbt and The dust cllectin device

45 HVAC Management Rbtic System

46 HVAC Management Rbtic System Dirty Duct Clean Duct

47 HVAC Management UV System A stick type device is installed in AHUs t prevent bacteria and fugal grwth inside ducts. UV C is the germicidal wave length band is used t eliminate bacteria. UV-C wrks by destrying the DNA f Micrbes and thereby killing them r preventing them frm multiplying.

48 HVAC Management UV System

49 Message n IAQ By applying prper IAQ survey system, we can make sure that the breathing air taken by ccupants in the rm is healthy. By IAQ methdlgy we can nt nly imprve health f the emplyee but can als imprve efficiency f emplyee and there by increase the prductin.

50 Thank Yu DHIRUBHAI AMBANI OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE CENTRE