Compost Operations. Integrating Composting into Waste Management Plans. Jean Bonhotal Cornell Waste Management Inst. cwmi.css.cornell.

Transcription

1 Compost Operations Integrating Composting into Waste Management Plans Jean Bonhotal Cornell Waste Management Inst. cwmi.css.cornell.edu

2 Plates, Containers, Utensils

3 Separation at the Point of Generation

4 Cart w/ liner Carts at School Ice Cart

5 Problems with Food Waste

6 Packaging Contamination

7 Too Much Contamination

8 Dropped at Compost Site Veggies Meat/Fish

9 Off compost site

10 Collection Vehicles

11 Foodscrap in Truck Bed--Animal Bedding to Absorb Moist

12 Food scraps can be composted at home. Dairy and meat products should not be composted in small piles, they attract your pets, rodents and other pests.

13 Collection w/ Bike Carts

14 Which system works where? Space available- neighbors Containment or not Time and energy available Static, Turned or Vermi-compost Finances How putrescible(odiferous)is the waste Cornell Waste Management Institute

15 Composting Systems Many options are available for producing compost: -Static Pile or Windrow -Turned Windrow -Combo Static/Turned Cornell Waste Management Institute -Forced Air Compost -Rotating Drums -Vermicompost units

16 Encouraging People to Manage Their Organics at Home Save $ on Collection and Hauling Cornell Waste Management Institute

17 Compost Bin Sales Garden Gourmet sold in NYC Envirocycle sold in North Hempstead Earth Machine widely sold

18 Advantages of a Bin Sale Provide easy-to-use bin Reduced price through bulk purchasing Opportunity to subsidize bin further Educational opportunities

19 Cornell Waste Management Institute

20 All Methods Require Balance: Moisture Aeration C:N Ratio Temperature Cornell Waste Management Institute

21 Surface area is another key factor to consider; decomposition occurs in thin films on the surface of particles. A large particle has less total surface area than the same particle chopped up. *Large particles (woodchips) = better aeration and less labor but take longer to breakdown. *Small particles (sawdust) = more surface area, less pore space to circulate air and more labor to aerate. Cornell Waste Management Institute

22 Organisms need moisture. Decomposition will slow with too much or too little moisture. The optimum moisture content for compost is 40-60%, damp enough so that a handful feels moist to the touch, but dry enough that a hard squeeze produces no more than a drop or two of liquid. Cornell Waste Management Institute

23 Moisture Cornell Waste Management Institute

24 Aerobic organisms require oxygen to live. Their "aerobic" activity forms carbon dioxide and heat as by-products. If oxygen starved, the process can become "anaerobic." IT STINKS! The by-products of anaerobic decomposition include methane and hydrogen sulfide gas. Hydrogen sulfide smells like rotten eggs. Cornell Waste Management Institute

25 Used pallets are often available for free from manufacturers. Tied or nailed together, they effectively contain compost in a stable structure. Cornell Waste Management Institute

26 Plans for 2-bin System -6 x6 x6

27 Students at South Lewis Composting-These have been installed Some in North country school Districts

28 Three bin turning unit with removable front boards. Cornell Waste Management Institute

29 Rotating drums take some of the work out of turning, and are available from garden supply stores. Some units can represent considerable investment for the volume of material composted. Cornell Waste Management Institute

30 Cornell Waste Management Institute

31 St. John s University - Rocket Cornell Waste Management Institute

32 Earth Tub- none on farms in NY more institutions Cornell Waste Management Institute

33 SUNY ESF O2 Compost Cornell Waste Management Institute

34 Simple containment

35 Cornell Compost site installed in 92 expanded 2002 Cornell Waste Management Institute

36 Composting at the urban farm in Brooklyn Forced aeration Cornell Waste Management Institute Turned

37 Cornell Waste Management Institute Gov s Island

38 Vokashi- Fermentation Process Cornell Waste Management Institute

39 Communit y Gardens Cornell Waste Management Institute

40 Cayuga Compost Cornell Waste Management Institute

41 NYS Prisons 42 Compost Sites

42 Tractor Pulled Straddle Turner

43 OPTIONS: Tarp Systems Operator Controlled from Cabin Odor Control Temperature Control Fully Hydraulic

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47 Multi Bin System

48 Static Pile Compost

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50 Oxygen will move into the pile if it is loose and there is plenty of space between particles, as when straw is mixed in the pile. Finer material may need to be aerated by turning the pile with a pitch fork or shovel. With the rapid decomposition that occurs with high nitrogen materials, turning becomes necessary to prevent anaerobic conditions from developing. Cornell Waste Management Institute

51 Cornell Waste Management Institute Earth Bin

52 West Irondequoit Central School Earth Bin Cornell Waste Management Institute

53 Cornell Waste Management Institute Curing Windrows

54 Foster Bros. Moo Doo Cornell Waste Management Institute 54

55 Windrow Composting Forced Air w/ Biosolids Cornell Waste Management Institute

56 Forced Aeration

57 Forced Air Composting --Ulster

58 Onondaga Resource Recovery

59 Heat Transfer

60 x Simple Aeration System Sunset View Acres

61 Adding Manure Bank Diamond Hill Custom Heifers 4-5 million BTU/day

62 Rotary Drum Composter

63 Vermi- Composting Cornell Waste Management Institute

64 Cornell Waste Management Institute

65 Delaware County Facility Biofilter Screening Storage Maturation Bioreactor Receiving Area

66 Facility Site Plan Design by Groupe Conporec, Inc. and S&W Services, Inc. Centralized separation of organic wastes. Fully enclosed tip floor and process buildings. Odor control. Aerated indoor product storage. Multiple material quality control. Process and stormwater controls No SPDES.

67 Composting Liquids Cornell Waste Management Institute

68 Cornell Waste Management Institute

69 Compost Use Topsoil Blends Container Mix/Potting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops SOURCES: Rodale, USCC, and MSC Cornell Waste Management Institute

70 Recycling Organics Makes Good Sense! Healthy Soils = Healthy Food! Cornell Waste Management Institute