MATERIALS & RESOURCES (MR)

Transcription

1 MATERIALS & RESOURCES (MR) MR Prerequisite 1: Storage and Collection of Recyclables Intent: The intent of this prerequisite is to reduce landfill waste produced by building occupants through the utilization of recycling facilities. Requirement: The building must include space easily accessible to all building occupants that is dedicated for the storage and collection of recyclables. The storage and collection spaces may be separate. Recyclable materials must include the following: mixed paper corrugated cardboard glass plastic metal Appropriate measures for safe storage and collection of one of the following three materials must be established and enforced: batteries mercury-containing lamps electronic waste Bins for specific materials should be clearly labelled so that materials may be segregated in the storage area. Composted waste should be separated from recycled material, and the following should be included to facilitate proper composting practices: static waste compactor(s) located in a dedicated service area that is easily accessible to all building occupants adequate space dedicated to storing compostable organic material prior to collection water outlet located near the composting facility for cleaning purposes Credit: None - This is a requirement. Reason: Tehran generates approximately 7,000 metric tons of municipal waste per day, which results in the generation of 2.5 million tons of waste annually. Most of this waste is buried in Kahrizak, which is the exclusive landfill site of Tehran. Land and underground water resource degradation occurs in the region of the landfill site, and disease outbreaks in the area surrounding the site may serve as alarming warnings for further catastrophic consequences of uncontrolled waste dumping. Currently, critical conditions are observed in Kahrizak landfill which may have developed as a result of lack of gas emission control systems, incompatibility of the imported technology with the local waste composition (in the case of composting units), and seeping of leachate from landfilling and composting. Municipal solid waste comprises more than 97% of Tehran's solid waste, while three other types of solid waste comprise less than 3% of it. The other solid waste types are hospital waste (1.0%), industrial waste (0.5%) and construction BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

2 and demolition waste (1.5%). The municipality of Tehran is responsible for the solid waste management of the city. Waste is mainly landfilled, with only a small part of it recycled or processed as compost (about 5%). However, the private sector is active in collecting recyclable materials from solid waste. The municipality has also recently initiated some activities to mechanize solid waste management and reduce waste generation. In recent years, with the construction of waste recycling plants such as Arad Kouh, traditional unsanitary landfill wastes have been slightly reduced. In this cycle, wastes are turned into manure and compost and are used again. However, the plant for generation of power from wastes has been constructed with the cooperation of the private sector, and it is capable of generating up to three megawatts of electricity from wastes and adding it to the facilities of the city. Based on data from 2006, the average percentage of separation of the dry (recyclable) from domestic waste throughout the regions of Tehran has been only 5.5%, while actually approximately 80% of the waste is sellable and recyclable. Due to Tehran s high population density and low recycling rate, encouraging recycling by dedicating spaces for storage and collection of recyclables is critical in the buildings. References: LEED 4 New Construction - Storage and Collection of Recyclables BREEAM International - Operational Waste Nasrabadi T, Hoveidi H, Bidhendi GN, Yavari AR, Mohammadnejad S., 2008, Evaluating citizen attitudes and participation in solid waste management in Tehran, Iran., Journal of Environmental Health,71(5):30-3, Damghani AM, Savarypour G, Zand E, Deihimfard R., 2008, Municipal solid waste management in Tehran: current practices, opportunities and challenges.,waste Management.28(5): Tehran municipality ( Abduli, M, Naghib, A,. Yonesi, M., Akbari, A, 2011, Life cycle assessment (LCA) of solid waste management strategies in Tehran: landfill and composting plus landfill, Environ Monit Assess, 178: Tehran Waste management Organization (pasmand.tehran.ir) BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

3 MR Prerequisite 2: Construction and Demolition Waste Management Planning Intent: The intent of this prerequisite is to utilize effective planning to reduce construction and demolition waste that is typically sent to landfills or incineration facilities. Requirement: To fulfill this prerequisite, a the general contractor must develop a construction and demolition waste management plan before the start of construction activities. The plan must be developed to include the following: Waste diversion goals - Identify at least five materials for diversion. The materials may be used for structural or non-structural purposes. Examples of acceptable materials include concrete, tile, lumber, metals, plastic, carpet, and insulation. Calculate an estimate for the percentage of total project waste represented by these materials. Diversion strategies - Specify whether the construction and demolition waste will be separated or combined. Locate the facility that will receive the waste and in which way the waste will be disposed of or recycled. In addition, the general contractor must monitor the plan on a monthly basis and ensure that at least 30% of the construction and demolition waste by weight is either recycled or salvaged. This percentage excludes hazardous waste that must be taken to a separate facility. Credit: None - This is a requirement. Reason: Although construction and demolition waste makes up a small portion of all the waste generated in Tehran (about 1.5%), it should be managed and planned effectively since the total waste generation is very high in Tehran. Additionally, construction difficulties in Tehran such as transportation issues make planning very important. Construction vehicles can be used only during night time according to traffic laws in Tehran and municipality, which is in charge of waste management but is not responsible for construction and demolition waste handling. Thus, the different parties involved in construction should develop a plan for waste management during construction and/or demolition so waste may be managed properly. Reference: LEED 4 New Construction - Construction and Demolition Waste Management Planning Pearl Rating System Version Basic Construction Waste Management Damghani AM, Savarypour G, Zand E, Deihimfard R., 2008, Municipal solid waste management in Tehran: current practices, opportunities and challenges.,waste Management.28(5): BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

4 MR Prerequisite 3: Hazardous Waste Management Intent: The intent of this prerequisite is to reduce environmental contamination and impacts on human health by safely handling toxic materials and other hazardous waste. Requirement: Demonstrate that no materials used on the project site contain asbestos or other hazardous materials and that such materials are removed from refurbished buildings. Hazardous materials refer to all those defined under the Iran Basel Convention. In addition, no chromated copper arsenate-treated timber should be used on the project site. Proper management of hazardous waste must include documentation of the following: results of hazardous materials in the existing building or building materials plan for safe disposal of any hazardous materials if found, including location of hazardous waste disposal facility (may follow guidelines outlined by the Iran Department of Environment) evidence of purchase indicated that no hazardous material or timber treated with chromated copper arsenate were included in the project materials Disposal processes should abide by Article 4 and Article 14 of the waste management laws under Basel Convention regulations. Credit: None - This is a requirement. Reason: Hazardous and toxic materials have negative impacts on human health and environmental quality. Therefore, they should be eliminated from the materials used in the building. Reference: Pearl Rating System Version Hazardous Waste Elimination Iran (Islamic Republic of) Basel Convention ( ) BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

5 MR Credit 1: Reuse of Building and Materials Intent: The intent of this credit is to reduce the environmental impact associated with producing new construction materials through the reuse of existing structures or its materials. Requirement: A portion of the materials used for construction of the building must be salvaged or reused. The salvaged materials may be from an existing building onsite or offsite. To fulfill the credit, 25% of the project surface area must be composed of salvaged or reused materials. Materials that may be used to fulfill the credit include: structural elements (floors, roof decking, etc.) enclosure materials (skin, framing) permanently installed interior elements (walls, doors, floor coverings, ceiling systems, etc.) Materials that are excluded in the credit include: window assemblies hazardous waste material The materials used to fulfill this credit cannot also count towards the MR Credit Material Disclosure and Optimization credit. Credit: 2 - If the office building can be demonstrated to meet the requirements, 2 credit points will be awarded. Reason: Due to the land value, many old buildings are being demolished and new buildings with more floors are replacing them in Tehran. Reuse of materials and structures of old buildings not only decreases cost of construction, but also decreases transportation costs and may also decrease the time necessary for construction. The most important aspect of reusing building structures and materials is the reduction of negative impacts of construction on the environment. By reusing materials and structures, the embodied energy in the materials is essentially entirely saved. Additionally, conserving some architectural and visual elements such as the facade preserves the architectural style of the old building. This point is critical especially for historical buildings. Reference: LEED 4 New Construction - Building Life-Cycle Impact Reduction (Option 3) New Life for old structures in Iran, Urban Development and Revitalization Corporation, Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization, The Aga Khan Award for Architecture ( BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

6 MR Credit 2: Regional Materials Intent: The intent of this credit is to reduce the environmental impacts of transporting building materials as well as to promote local businesses. Requirement: To fulfill the credit, 15% of the project materials by cost must be transported from a location of origin within a distance of 500 km of the project site. This location of origin may refer to the point of extraction, harvest, recovery, or manufacture. Recycled materials should be traced back to the location of manufacture. Composite materials (having no constituent composing more than 90% of the mass of the material) should have an associated distance that is weighted by mass. Once prior to construction and once prior to operation of the building, documentation must be submitted to confirm the following information: cost of each material location(s) of extraction/harvest/recovery/manufacture proof of manufacture that confirms country of origin and port of entry, if applicable distance travelled means of transport calculations that indicate the quantity of regional materials as a percentage of the total material cost invoices that demonstrate purchase from suppliers and installers Materials transported via airfreight are not eligible for the credit. Credit: 2 - If the office building can be demonstrated to meet the requirements, 2 credit point will be awarded. Reason: Purchasing regional materials helps the local economy by creating and supporting local jobs. Supporting Iran s local economy is important because despite that Iran has many rich mines and material resources, recently many materials have been imported from China. Especially because of sanctions, China has been paying for Iran s oil in the form of raw materials. Additionally, using regional materials reduces costs and energy associated with transporting and shipping. If the transportation of materials over great distances is reduced, the greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution that result directly from transportation will also be reduced. Lastly, purchasing local materials supports local building style and architectural design. Reference: Pearl Rating System Version Regional Materials LEED 4 New Construction - Material Disclosure and Optimization (Option 3) NJ Green Building Manual, new Commercial, updated April 2011 The Guardian Newspaper ( BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

7 MR Credit 3: Building Life-Cycle Assessment Intent: The intent of this credit is to reduce the environmental impacts associated with construction by conducting a life cycle assessment to target impact areas. Requirement: Conduct a life-cycle assessment of the project within the bounds of the project site. The assessment must demonstrate a reduction of at least 10%, compared with a similar reference building, in at least three of the six following impact categories. Demonstrate that none of these impact categories are increased by more than 5% as a result of the project: global warming potential (greenhouse gases), in CO2e depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, in kg CFC-11 acidification of land and water sources, in moles M+ or kg SO2 eutrophication, in kg nitrogen or kg phosphate formation of tropospheric ozone, in kg NOx or kg ethane depletion of nonrenewable energy resources, in MJ The reference and project building should be similar in terms of size, function, orientation, service life (at least 60 years), and the operating energy performance established under EA Prerequisite Minimum Energy Performance. Moreover, the life-cycle assessment tools and data sets used for the impact assessment should be the same and address all six impact categories. All data sets considered must be compliant with ISO Life-cycle impact reduction calculations as well as the software tools and data sets used should be documented to confirm the requirement is met. Credit: 2 - If the office building can be demonstrated to meet the requirements, 2 credit points will be awarded. Reason: Having a life-cycle assessment and a proper benchmark that demonstrates a reduction in specified categories reduces the negative impact of building on the environment. This is especially important when the building is located in a dense, populated, and polluted city like Tehran, where different kinds of pollution such as air pollution are increasing every day. Reference: LEED 4 New Construction - Building Life-Cycle Impact Reduction (Option 4) BREEAM International - Life cycle impacts BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

8 MR Credit 4: Material Disclosure and Optimization Intent: The intent of this credit is to improve transparency of environmental impacts of building materials to encourage the selection of more sustainable materials and products. Requirement: To fulfill this credit, of a minimum of one of the following the assessments must be performed: Assessment of non-structural products - A minimum of 20% (by cost) of the project materials must be permanently installed non-structural products and elements that meet one of the criteria below. Furniture, piping, pipe insulation, ducts, duct insulation, conduit, plumbing fixtures, faucets, showerheads, and lamp housings may be included in these products if they are consistently included for cost-based MR credit fulfillment. Wood products that only serve temporary function should be excluded. The scope of any environmental product declaration must be at least cradle to gate. Industry-wide (generic) EPD - Products with third-party certification (Type III), including external verification, in which the manufacturer is explicitly recognized as a participant by the program operator, are valued at cost. All environmental product declarations must be consistent with ISO 14025, 14040, 14044, and Product-specific declaration - Products with a publicly available, critically reviewed life-cycle assessment compliant with ISO are valued at half their cost. Products with third-party certification (Type III), including external verification, are valued at twice their cost. Assessment of Structure and enclosure - A minimum of 20% (by cost) of the structure and enclosure materials used must meet one of the criteria below. Contributing materials should represent at least three product types. The scope of any environmental product declaration must be at least cradle to gate. Industry-wide (generic) EPD - Products with third-party certification (Type III), including external verification, in which the manufacturer is explicitly recognized as a participant by the program operator, are valued at cost. Product-specific declaration - Products with a publicly available, critically reviewed life-cycle assessment compliant with ISO are valued at half their cost. Products with third-party certification (Type III), including external verification, are valued at twice their cost. Multiattribute assessment for non-structural products - A minimum of 50% (by cost) of the permanently installed non-structural products used must meet at least one of the criteria below. Furniture, piping, pipe insulation, ducts, duct insulation, conduit, plumbing fixtures, faucets, showerheads, and lamp housings may be included in these products if they are consistently included for cost-based MR credit fulfillment. Wood products that only serve temporary function should be excluded. Materials reuse - Use salvaged, refurbished, or reused nonstructural products. BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

9 Recycled content - Use non-structural products with recycled content. Recycled content is defined as the sum of postconsumer recycled content plus one-half the preconsumer (postindustrial) recycled content, on a cost basis. Extended producer responsibility - Use non-structural products purchased from a manufacturer or producer that has a closed-loop product-recycling program. Regional materials - Use non-structural building products that are manufactured and purchased within 200 km of the project site. Additionally, parts of the project site internal and external to the building designated for regular vehicular and pedestrian traffic should be identified so that appropriate measures may be taken to ensure a long service life (at least 60 years). Durability and protection measures may include the following: protection from effects of high pedestrian traffic areas such as main entrances, public areas, and throughfares protection of the building facade from potential vehicle collisions and other accidents Credit: 3 - If the office building can be demonstrated to meet the requirements, 3 credit points will be awarded. Reason: Recently, many raw materials have been imported from China (or other countries) to Iran, which often do not meet minimum standards and qualities. On the other hand, many materials manufactured and extracted in Iran do not meet standards either. Therefore, materials used in buildings should be more strictly controlled for meeting specific standards and codes mentioned in the requirements. Reference: LEED 4 New Construction - Material Disclosure and Optimization BREEAM International - Designing for robustness The Guardian newspaper ( BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

10 MR Credit 5: Responsible Extraction of Raw Materials Intent: The intent of this credit is to protect ecosystems, sensitive land, and community values through the responsible extraction of raw materials used for construction. Requirement: All materials used in the building must be mined and extracted with conditions described in the Mining Code of I.R. Iran. Beyond this, the permanently installed new building products and materials used in the building should adhere to responsible extraction criteria described below. Products and materials that contain recycled content, salvaged, reused, or refurbished materials are exempt from this credit. A fraction of composite materials based on weight may be included under this credit. Mined or quarried materials - For raw materials that are mined or quarried using practices covered in the Mining Code of I.R. Iran, obtain signed letters from the owners of the manufacturing companies and their raw materials suppliers, stating that they have reviewed and understood the Mining Code and publicly declared their commitment to responsible mining. Bio-based materials - Bio-based raw materials must meet ASTM Test Method D6866 and be legally harvested, as defined by the exporting and receiving country. Hide products, such as leather and other animal skin material are excluded under this criterion. New wood products must be certified by the Forest Stewardship Council or equivalent. Other bio-based products must meet the Sustainable Agriculture Network s Sustainable Agriculture Standard. Insulation - A minimum of 80% of the thermal insulation used in the building must be responsibly sourced and adhere to conditions described in the Mining Code of I.R. Iran. All new insulation material used in the building for external walls, ground floor, roof, and building services must be included in the material assessed as part of this credit. Other extracted materials - For raw materials that are not mined, quarried, or bio-based, extraction and manufacture must meet all applicable laws for the exporting and receiving countries, including human rights laws. Product manufacturers must make publicly available a 3rd party verified corporate sustainability report that includes the following: commitment to long-term ecologically responsible land use commitment to reducing environmental harms due to extraction or manufacturing processes evidence of their economic and social support of local communities commitment to meeting applicable standards or programs voluntarily that address responsible sourcing criteria labor practices governance structure Credit: 2 - If the office building can be demonstrated to meet the requirements, 2 credit points will be awarded. BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

11 Reason: In order to prevent the destruction of ecosystems and reduce of the impacts of mining and extracting on environment, extraction of materials should be done under specific standards. This is especially critical in vulnerable environments, such as Hyrcanian forest which is located in northern Iran. The Hyrcanian forest is well known for its biological diversity, its endemic and endangered species, and its natural beauty. The diverse vegetation landscape features plants such as conifers as well as broadleaved to Mediterranean plants. As a result, animal species also have great diversity. Because it has historically been the home to noteworthy on-going geological, ecological, and biological processes, the Hyrcanian forest has become a symbolic natural landmark in Iran. Nowadays trees are cut from Hyrcanian forests for construction purposes, which should be stopped immediately. Reference: LEED 4 New Construction - Responsible Extraction of Raw Materials BREEAM International - Responsible sourcing of materials BREEAM International - Insulation Geological Survey of Iran, Mining Code of I.R. Iran ( mit_1/action_moreinfo/more.info.view.,.page.no.html) UNISCO-Hyrcanian Forest (Caspian Forest) ( BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

12 MR Credit 6: Construction and Demolition Waste Management Intent: The intent of this credit is to reduce construction and demolition waste that is typically sent to landfills or incineration facilities through effective waste management practices. Requirement: To fulfill this credit, the general contractor must have implemented monitoring of the construction and demolition waste management plan on a monthly basis. A minimum recycling or salvage rate of 50% construction and demolition waste (by either weight or volume) must have been diverted. Hazardous waste, excavated soil, land-clearing debris, alternative daily cover, and waste-to-energy (except biofuel) are exempt from waste under this credit. Documentation must be submitted that includes information pertaining to the following: schedule of items to be recycled or salvaged their source within the project total weight or volume of recycled or salvaged materials, along with calculations and detailed receipts name and location of reclaim or recycling haulers markets for the recyclable materials Furthermore, in the case that existing building or structures occupy the site prior to project construction, a pre-demolition audit should be performed to determine if refurbishment or reuse of the structures is possible. If not, the recovery of materials should be maximized and overseen by the general contractor. The audit must cover: identification of the key refurbishment or demolition materials potential applications and complications for the reuse and recycling of the key refurbishment and demolition materials Credit: 1 - If the office building can be demonstrated to meet the requirements, 1 credit point will be awarded. Reason: Construction and demolition recycling is one of the commitments that a developer can make to sustainable building. Job site recycling and waste management helps the local economy by creating employment and generating economic activity. Additionally, on a life-cycle basis, recycling often produces usable materials at much less environmental cost than materials from primary sources. Reference: LEED 4 New Construction - Construction and Demolition Waste Management Pearl Rating System Version Improved Construction Waste Management BREEAM International - Construction waste management Recycling Construction and Demolition Wastes: A Guide for Architects and Contractors, April 2005, Sponsored by:the Boston Society of Architects, Associated General Contractors of Massachusetts, The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

13 MR Credit 7: Recycled Materials Intent: The intent of this credit is to reduce landfill waste by increasing the demand for recycled materials. Requirement: To fulfill this credit, recycled materials must be used in the following ways: Recycled steel If a building is steel-framed, a minimum of 50% (by weight) of the structural steel contains at least 25% post-consumer recycled content or is reused. If a building is concrete-framed, a minimum of 80% of the reinforcing of stressing steel by weight contains at least 90% post-consumer recycled content Cement replacement Use supplementary cementing materials (including fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and silica fumes) or increased aggregates or admixtures to reduce the amount of Portland cement used and associated greenhouse gas emissions as per Table 2 below. Table 2. Credits Awarded for Cement Replacement Strength Grade Row Type Embodied GHG Credits A B Cast in place Cast in place C Precast D Precast E Stressed F Stressed Recycled aggregates At least 15% (by volume) of all aggregates used for the project in both structural and non-structural applications should be recycled. Other materials Miscellaneous materials with at least one the following characteristics must make up a minimum of 10% of the total material cost: at least 30% post-consumer recycled content, at least 80% post-industrial content, or 50% agricultural waste by-product. BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

14 Credit: If the requirements for recycled steel are met, 1 credit point will be awarded. If the requirements for recycled aggregates are met, 1 credit point will be awarded. If the requirements for other materials are met, 1 credit point will be awarded. The number of points awarded for completion of the cement replacement requirements depends on the type of cement and embodied energy. 1 or 2 credits may be awarded, as indicated in the requirements. A maximum of 4 points may be awarded under this credit. Reason: According to 2006 data, only about 5.5% of waste out of a potential 80% is being recycled in Tehran. By purchasing recycled materials, landfill waste will be reduced and companies involved in material manufacturing would be encouraged to recycle materials. Reference: Pearl Rating System Version Recycled Materials Tehran Waste management Organization (pasmand.tehran.ir) BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER