CRT MARKETS, TRENDS & INFLUENTIAL FACTORS. Robert Tonetti EPA Office of Solid Waste October 2008

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1 CRT MARKETS, TRENDS & INFLUENTIAL FACTORS Robert Tonetti EPA Office of Solid Waste October 2008

2 CONTENT CRT & CRT GLASS USES, MARKETS & PROCESSING CRT EXPORT RULES RECYCLER CERTIFICATION

3 CRT & CRT GLASS USES GLASS-TO TO-GLASS RECYCLING MAKING NEW CRTs LEAD SMELTING LEAD RECOVERY & USE AS FLUX WHOLE CRTs USED FOR MANUFACTURE OF NEW TVs VERY SMALL REMAINING MARKET FOR REUSE AS MONITORS OR TVs

4 CRT REUSE MARKETS Like reuse of any electronics, markets are primarily foreign Markets for reuse of CRTs in manufacturing new TVs is in Asia Small remaining markets for reuse of whole monitors & TVs Mexico Central and South America Africa Asia

5 LEAD SMELTING MARKETS PRIMARY DESTINATION IS XSTRATA SMELTER NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA DOE RUN SMELTER MO MAY BE SOME VERY SMALL AMOUNT TO U.S. SECONDARY LEAD SMELTERS SOME POSSIBILITY OF EXPORTS TO SMELTERS OUTSIDE OF NORTH AMERICA

6 RECYCLING MARKETS CRT GLASS CULLET NO CRT GLASS-MAKING FURNACES IN WESTERN HEMISPHERE About a dozen glass-making facilities worldwide ASIA (10-12) 12) S. KOREA, MALAYSIA, INDIA, CHINA POLAND (1) NUMBER OF FURNACES CONTINUES TO SHRINK RAPIDLY DEMAND REMAINS STRONG FOR CRT GLASS CULLET HOWEVER, GOVERNMENTS TIGHTLY CONTROL IMPORT

7 CRT GLASS PROCESSORS (PREP FOR GLASS-TO TO-GLASS RECYCLING) 3 PRINCIPAL U.S. PROCESSORS ECO INTERNATIONAL NY/PA DLUBAK OH & AZ CRT PROCESSING CORP/UNIWASTE WI U.S./MEXICO BORDER AREA Mexicali TECHNOLOGIES DISPLAYS MEXICANA - VIDEOCON

8 PREP FOR GLASS-TO TO-GLASS RECYCLING Historically, processing has used hand- or gravity breaking Some historic use of mechanical separation of panel & funnel glass But these technologies proved too slow In last two years, new, faster mechanical separation technologies have come into use Substantially lower dust levels New, mechanical separation has largely replaced hand- or gravity breaking

9 PREP FOR USE OF GLASS IN LEAD SMELTERS Most often, this glass results from shredding of whole monitors or TVs i.e., glass is in very small pieces & is contaminated with metals & plastics it cannot be used for glass-to to-glass recycling

10 DEVELOPING MARKETS Panel glass (no or very low lead) Use for reflective properties in road striping Lightweight glass beads for construction & other uses Dlubak and Poraver Funnel glass (approx 25% lead) New technology for removal of lead from CRT glass NuLife Glass (UK)

11 CRT RULE CODIFIED EPA s s WORKING APPROACH THAT CRTs TO RECYCLING ARE NOT HAZARDOUS WASTE Final rule issued July 2006 Intended to streamline requirements and encourage recycling The rule is a conditional exclusion Thus, if rule is complied with, CRTs can be handled as non-waste Non-compliance constitutes a violation of RCRA hazardous waste requirements The rule makes no changes to how RCRA applies to disposal of CRTs Export requirements went into effect 1/29/07

12 CRT RULE EXPORT REQUIREMENTS TWO TYPES OF NOTIFICATIONS 1. EXPORT FOR RECYCLING* INTERNATIONAL NOTIFICATION & CONSENT 2. EXPORT FOR REUSE/REFURBISHMENT ONE-TIME NOTIFICATION TO EPA ONLY * EXCEPT NO NOTIFICATION FOR EXPORT OF PROCESSED GLASS

13 CRT RULE EXPORT FOR RECYCLING CRTs & UNPROCESSED CRT GLASS Exporter must send notification to EPA 60 days prior to export Notification may cover export over a 12 month or lesser period EPA forwards the notification to transit & importing countries EPA notifies exporter of consent or denial by countries Export cannot proceed without consent of countries involved Same packaging & labeling requirements as if domestic shipment No speculative accumulation

14 CRT RULE EXPORT FOR REUSE/REFURBISHMENT INTACT CRTs EXPORTER MUST SEND A ONE-TIME NOTIFICATION TO EPA Exporter s s contact information Statement of intent to export EXPORTER MUST KEEP BUSINESS RECORDS FOR 3 YEARS DEMONSTRATING EXPORT FOR LEGITIMATE REUSE/REFURBISHMENT

15 CRT RULE ENFORCEMENT INCENTIVE FOR DOWNSTREAM DUE DILIGENCE: ALL PERSONS* IN MANAGEMENT CHAIN CAN BE HELD LIABLE FOR DOWNSTREAM VIOLATION * THOSE INVOLVED FROM POINT AT WHICH DECISION WAS MADE TO NOT REUSE/REFURBISH

16 RECYCLER CERTIFICATION INCREASING INTEREST IN RECYCLER CERTIFICATION Many stakeholders interested INDUSTRY GROUPS & NGOs HAVE OR ARE DEVELOPING PROGRAMS EPA DOES NOT & WILL NOT CERTIFY OR APPROVE RECYCLERS HOWEVER, EPA BELIEVES SUCH PROGRAMS ARE VALUABLE & ALTERNATIVES TO REGULATION

17 CERTIFICATION TO RESPONSIBLE RECYCLER (R2) PRACTICES OVER THE LAST 3 YEARS, EPA HAS SPONSORED THIS MULTISTAKEHOLDER EFFORT Involves EPA, OSHA, states, manufacturers, recyclers, environmental NGOs PURPOSE: CREATE A MARKET MECHANISM THAT ENABLES RESPONSIBLE RECYCLERS TO DIFFERENTIATE THEMSELVES FROM SHAM RECYCLERS RECYCLERS WILL VOLUNTEER TO BE CERTIFIED AS TO CONFORMANCE WITH THE R2 PRACTICES EFFORT TO BE COMPLETED BY END OF 2008 Certification standards are nearly complete Working on implementation procedures

18 OVERARCHING PRINCIPLES VOLUNTARY PROGRAM PRIMARY FOCUS IS ON HUMAN HEALTH & THE ENVIRONMENT ELECTRONICS RECYCLERS MUST COMPLY WITH EXISTING FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL & INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS EPA WILL NOT DIRECT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM No EPA certification MULTISTAKEHOLDER R2 PRACTICES USE OF THIRD-PARTY AUDITORS AND CERTIFYING BODIES

19 ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS OF R2 PRACTICES REUSE & RECYCLING MUST BE MAXIMIZED DISPOSAL DISPOSAL ONLY USED IN EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES WORKER & ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DOWNSTREAM DUE DILIGENCE (including export) FOR PRIORITY ( FOCUS ) MATERIALS Batteries, mercury lamps & devices, CRTs, circuit boards However, not required or limited for equipment meeting various reuse criteria NEED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (EMS) COMPLIANCE WITH ALL LAWS & RULES

20 OTHER AREAS IN R2 PRACTICES DATA SECURITY TRACKING THROUGHPUT & RECORDKEEPING STORAGE TRANSPORT RECYCLING FACILITY CLOSURE & FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FACILITY SECURITY

21 Contact Info BOB TONETTI Senior Environmental Scientist USEPA Office of Solid Waste (5304P) Washington, DC