Corporate Overview. Orchid Environmental Limited Focus: Orchid Marketing and Commercial Development, 3+ years fuel recovery expertise.

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2 Corporate Overview Orchid BioEnergy Group is a private company based in England, parent company is an affiliate of ArcLight Capital Partners, an energy-focused private equity firmed based in Boston USA with $10 billion under management. Orchid Environmental Limited Focus: Orchid Marketing and Commercial Development, 3+ years fuel recovery expertise. Fairport Engineering Limited Focus: Facility Design and Construction, 25+ years materials handling expertise across a wide spectrum of industries

3 fairport engineering - capability Fairport not only develops & delivers major projects from initial feasibility / concept studies, right through to design, build and commissioning. AGGREGATES CEMENT WASTE COAL POWER FOOD MINERALS BUILDING PRODUCTS

4 mba polymers uk : worksop INDUSTRIAL 2008/10 MBA Polymers Inc. (USA), experts in high value plastic recycling and EMR the UK s largest metal recycling company have joined forces to bring together a unique recycling process plant, operational Fairport was engaged in finalising the construction of the tpa installation.

5 rwe npower : tilbury power station POWER GENERATION & FUEL 2011/12 Receiving Pelletised Biomass from new Ship Unloader and installing inline Elutriators to De-Dust the Pellets from the harmful fine dust. The pellets and dust are then separately transported to through enclosed dust free transfer to new dedicated dust storage Silos and existing Bunker house hoppers. Project includes Mechanical, Structural design, supply, install, testing and commissioning. Including conversion of the existing open transfer to enclosed dust free chute work.

6 Solid Recovered Fuel for use in Electricity Generation Complexity Regulation, Fuel Flexibility, Thermal Efficiency Orchid Waste Processing and Solid Recovered Fuel MSW Comparison Hong Kong and UK

7 What is Appropriate Waste Treatment? Deliveries Stockpile Loading Shovel Feed Hopper Overband Magnet Eddy Current Separator Metal Detector RDF Bales Policing (Hazardous Material) Ferrous Metal Non-ferrous Metal Baler UK Baling of Commercial and Industrial Waste for Export For: Very Simple, cheap and quick to set up Against: Loss of resource, no forward industry value add strategy or job creation

8 What is Appropriate Waste Treatment? MSW Deliveries Stockpile Loading Shovel Trommel Shredder Ballistic separator Policing (Hazardous Material) Organicrich fines India 3 way split of waste stream; composting, fuel for heat and recyclables Heavies for manual sorting RDF For: Very Simple, cheap and quick to set up Against: Little moisture control in fuel, requires manual sorting of recyclables Appropriate Solution? There is no right or wrong answer, it depends upon local markets, local regulatory conditions and stakeholder preferences.

9 Why Prepare a Fuel for the Energy Sector? Convert waste to energy It solves a landfill problem Reduce emission of pollutants In particular fossil carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). A focus on fuel standards reduces Sulphur and Nitrous Oxide Emissions. Preparation SRF not RDF to agreed standards reduces other polluting components. Make money! Turn costly waste disposal into valuable commodity disconnected from the fossil fuel markets.

10 Decarbonising the Fuel Chain through consistent fuel recovery Low Carbon Fuel Products Kyoto Protocol Create Jobs Energy Security

11 MSW Process Technology Spectrum Low Grade Plastics 600/T Diesel MSW Value Creation SRF: gasification 50/T Coal 40/T Biomass SRF: Direct Combustion RDF: Incineration Landfill Technology Complexity Turning a Liability into an Asset. Based upon UK markets Illustrative only

12 Energy Conversion Efficiency (comparison) Orchid Comparison with Mass Burn Incineration Treating 200KTpa of MSW Kirbside Mass Burn Process Blackbag Orchid Process Paper & Cardboard Plastics Metals Recycling Plants 11.6Kt waste to landfill or mass burn Expensive Kirbside Collection Mass Burn Incineration One Blackbag collection Orchid Process 106KTpa High CV Fuel Gasification 20% 40Ktpa Water 20% 40Ktpa Clean Recyclates (Metals, Plastics, Glass/Aggregate) 7% 14Ktpa Landfill 6% 12Ktpa Ash (Landfill) 40Kt Recycled Product 7.3 Mwe Gross 13.2MWe Gross Mass burn process converts 20,000T of residuals to produce 1MWe (web data) Orchid process converts 8000T of residuals (ie fuel) to produce 1MWe

13 Energy from Waste Options Mass Burn Orchid -Thermal Gasification Waste Treatment Pyrolysis Composting Biological Anaerobic Digestion Sugars Fermentation

14 Illustrative Gas Composition (Pyrolysis) Key components: Hydrogen Methane Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen Methane content varies in proportion to biogenic content SRF Gas Analysis (Pyrolysis) % v/v Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon Monoxide Methane Carbon Dioxide Ethene Ethane Propene ,3-Butadiene <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Benzene Toluene <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Total Volume CV (MJ/m 3 ) Opportunities for chemists to plug and play. SG Sample Ref Based Upon UK Waste Composition. All Data indicative only

15 Gasification Value Chain & Flexibility but requires a more consistent feedstock Individual technologies commercially available, particularly applications Gasification Direct Combustion Chemical Synthesis Furnace/Boilers Methane (biosng) Engine/Turbine Fuel Cell Fischer Tropsch Ethanol (fermentation) Mixed Alcohols Synthesis Hydrogen DiMethylEther (DME) Methanol Synthesis Carbon Monoxide Ammonia Evolutionary pathway. More work is needed at the gasification interface, especially enhanced gas clean up. Orchid process provides consistent feedstock to minimise interface risks MTO/MOGD Formaldehyde Acetyls Fertilisers

16 EU Project: Recombio What type of project was it? Demonstrate improved combustion behaviour of fuels recovered from biomass and Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Partners included Remondis, RWE, Metso, Titec, Various Academic Organisations Show Use in highly efficient CHP Generation Plant & Cost Effective CO2 Reduction What were the fuel metrics? Identify Fuel Critical Parameters eg Potassium/Sodium/Chlorine Manage Chlorine levels using Near Infra Red Detection Systems ie auto removal of rigid plastics. Apply Quality Controls eg Water Content and produce to a Fuel Specification.

17 Electrical Conversion Efficiency Steam Cycle 5,000T in 2010 to RWE CHP Plant in Berrenrath, Germany 52MWe Brown Coal (Lignite) Power Plant. 510C Steam, CFB Boiler. 8,000T in 2011 to RWE CHP in Wachtberg, Germany 118MWe Brown Coal (Lignite) Power Plant. Remondis, IEA Workshop Dublin 2011 For more information:

18 Brand Positioning Orchid Technology sits at the centre of a wider recycling and multifuel strategy for the purposes of renewable energy production.

19 Orchid Commercial Scale Based in the UK, Orchid specialises in the design, build and operation of automated recycling and recovery facilities processing household and commercial solid wastes (MSW) based upon its patented technologies Facilities are modular and have the capability to process 60,000 tpa to 300,000 tpa of household and commercial waste using proven Mechanical Heat Treatment Technology, independently verified by UK Government and technical review. Process operations: 24/7 operations, within an enclosed building to minimise odour reducing refuse collection road miles. To maintain reliable electricity production Orchid ensures 85% minimum process availability throughout the year. Redundant, modular process enables parallel maintenence whilst operations continues at a reduced rate.

20 Orchid Demonstration Facility Proven Capability: 24/7 Operation Treated approx 60,000Tpa of mixed Commercial and household waste Recyclates includes Plastics, Glass/aggregate and metals Fuels of suitable quality for Advanced Gasification Technologies & steam boilers Orchid facilities suitable for light industrial zones, no combustion, no incineration For Video Tour see:

21 Orchid Huyton Facility, UK

22 Waste Processing Abrasion Bridging Corrosion Dust Entanglement Fire Risk Hygiene Odour Variability

23 Fuel Recovery UK Municipal Solid Waste Solid Recovered Fuel Moisture Content: 25-40% Estimated Net CV: 1750 kcal/kg Moisture Content: 15-20% Estimated Net CV: 3700 kcal/kg

24 Output Products (UK Waste Composition) Glass 100% WASTE INPUT 8-10% Recycled products Plastics Ferrous 20-22% Moisture Non ferrous Composition % Composition Paper/Card Plastic Film 8.87 Dense Plastic Textiles 7.92 Absorbant hygiene Products 3.98 Wood 2.78 Combustibles 1.30 Non Combustibles 1.78 Glass 4.53 Organic Ferrous Metal 3.93 Non Ferrous Metal 1.11 Fine Material <10mm 6.60 Waste Electrical and Electronic 2.15 Specific Hazardous household % 55-60% Landfill Orchid Branded Fuel Products Cement Power Generators Gasifiers/ACT CHP

25 Waste Supply Strategy Typical 200Ktpa Facility Hong NISP Kong May Municipal Solid Waste Orchid Process can accept both domestic and commercial waste Technology specialises in the residual mixed waste Landfill Diversion Supports the Waste Hierarchy of avoidance, then reuse, recycling and recovery. A size and scale that can work with both small and large waste collectors Short residence time within process minimises facility footprint, enables 24 hour access.

26 Primary Orchid Process Objective Moisture Reduction Water in the waste is used to create a steamy atmosphere within the Orchid process. Main enabling effects: Quality Control over the moisture content creates a pathway into advanced conversion technologies eg gasification and in the longer term chemical synthesis. Refined fuel optimises Ethanol or biodiesel production Steam breaks down mixed waste into component parts. This enables easy recovery of glass/aggregate, plastics, metals plus an increase in the proportion of fuel recovered. Recovery of Glass/Aggregate enables production of consistent fuel, essential for reliable energy conversion operation. Maximises landfill diversion.

27 Energy Balance

28 Output Products Glass Aggregate The self cleaning process creates a glass/aggregate recycling opportunity. The Glass/Aggregate can either be mixed with other glass for onward processing or reprocessed for used in the construction sector Recovered Plastics (Bottles) & Gasoil Production Plastic Bottles (Hard Plastics) can be recovered mixed for onward processing or recovered according to grade eg PET, HDPE Technologies are emerging that can take plastics for conversion to liquid fuel/gasoil.

29 Output Products Metals Steam cleaned metals are separated into ferrous and non ferrous, then baled or supplied loose depending upon the local supply chain preference. These metals typically attract a higher value because they have been cleaned. Orchid Low Carbon Fuel The fuels are supplied as floc or pelletised. Supplied to an agreed Quality Assured specification eg particle size, CV, moisture content. EG, typical useful lower heating value energy content (UK) of: Circa 3700Kcal/Kg: floc, Circa 4100Kcal/Kg: pellet (excellent storage potential)

30 Orchid Fuel Formats Bales Floc Pellets Export Local Transport to local CHP Boat Load (Cargo Hold) for export to converted coal fired boiler

31 SRF Net Calorific Value 7000 Net Calorific Value (kcal/kg) /02/ /09/ /03/ /10/ /05/ /11/ /06/2011 Sample Date

32 SRF Recovery 100% 90% SRF as % of Incoming Waste 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 60% 40% 10% 0% 09/09/ /03/ /10/ /05/ /11/ /06/2011 Week Ending Date

33 Ideal Process Configuration POLICING SHREDDER Feed Preparation HOMGENISED STOCKPILE Recyclates Recovery Emission Control Equipment (Bleed to Power Plant) Fuel Refining & storage ORCHID BIOMASS DENSITY SEPARATORS Orchid Processors WASTE HEAT RECOVERY BOILER To Stack COMBINED HEAT & POWER PLANT CLEAN UP SYSTEM Process Parasitic Electric Load / excess to grid IMPORTED BIOMASS BLENDING FUEL STORE ASH Power Generation Plant

34 Power Generation Expanded View PROCESS AIR RETURN 80 C PROCESS PARASITIC ELECTRICAL LOAD 1.6MW to 1.9MW AIR TO ORCHID PROCESSORS 150 C 4.3MW to 5.1 MW DISTRICT HEATING 1.9MW to 2.3MW STEAM 42.4 tph, 40 bar, 400 C CONDENSER BOILER SYNGAS 800 C COMBUSTION GASES 1050 C STEAM TURBINE TREATED AIR 160 C ELECTRICITY EXPORT 8.4MW to 10.8MW 93 KTPA ORCHID SRF 50MW SYNGAS BURNER EXHAUST AIR GASIFIER REGENERATIVE THERMAL OXIDISER WASTE HEAT RECOVERY CLEAN UP SYSTEM ASH

35 How Does HK MSW compare to UK MSW? Category Typical Composition % UK** HK* Paper/Card Plastic Film 8.9 Dense Plastic Textiles Absorbant Hygiene Products 4.0 Organic Fine Material <10mm 6.6 Wood Combustibles 1.3 Non Combustibles 1.8 Glass Ferrous Metals 3.9 Non Ferrous Metals Waste Electrical and Electronic 2.2 Specific Hazardous Household Bulky & Miscellaneous 3.3 * Source: HK Environmental Protection Department ** Source: Orchid

36 Conclusions Viable technology for recovery of high quality SRF from waste? SRF consistent, characterised and suitable for use in industrial heat and power generation? Potential for SRF production in Hong Kong using thermal treatment?

37 For further information please contact: