What are the steps in the scientific method? How long has. Environment comes from a French word the means. and environmental ism been

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1 What are the steps in the scientific method? Question/Problem Research Hypothesis Experiment Results/Data Conclusion Environment comes from a French word the means To surround How long has conservation Traceable well back into human history. and ism been around? What makes something sustainable? The LONG TERM survivability and functioning of a system. Why is the island of Mauritius a good example of ism The government in the 18 th century ordered sensitive areas to be preserved. i,e, the process can continue for a long time 1

2 Write the formula for doubling time on the board. doubling time of a population with a growth rate of 5%? difference between a renewable and a non renewable resource? Renewable resources can be replenished within a person s lifetime. Nonrenewable can not. Give 3 examples of renewable energy resources. Solar Wind Hydroelectric Biomass (wood) Geothermal What is Environmen tal Science all about? Systematic approach to learning about the environment What causes most problems? Complex interrelated problems 2

3 What key factors does the word Environment as used in in science include? Our culture The biosphere Politics Understanding relationships Give 3 examples of non-renewable energy resources. Coal Petroleum Natural Gas Nuclear fundamental basis for Environmental Science? Human impact on the Earth major difference between the scope of issues of the past with today Our current ability to alter the environment through technology Explain how Atlantic cod are a potentially renewable resource? If they are fished according to sustainable yield, and enough time for reproduction is given, they can repopulate. Next Section 3

4 Explain Sustainable Yield. The amount of a resource that can be taken that will leave enough to repopulate up to carrying capacity. What are factors that could lead to violent conflicts? Racial antagonisms Access to water Resources degradation Religion Give an example of Sustainable Yield that is not fish! A farmer has 100 chickens. If he eats 2 a day that will leave enough to repopulate over time. If he eats 10 a day they won t have enough time. When were pollution problems first noticed? The early 11 th century What was Plato s belief regarding erosion and deforestation? It strips the land of fine soils and forests of life What are some examples of problems being addressed by scientists? Creating process that promote sustainability Finding new resources for a growing population Clean air Clean water Climate change 4

5 What is your ecological footprint? A tabulation of the demands placed on nature by individuals What are 3 characteristics of a developing country? Low industrialization Low per capita GNP 15% of World s Wealth Use 15% of natural resources Produce 25% of worlds pollution and wastes. What are 3 characteristics of a developed country? Highly industrialized High per capita GNP 85% of World s Wealth Use 85% of natural resources Make 75% of worlds pollution and wastes What is a commonproperty resource? Common property resources are natural resources owned and managed collectively by a community or society rather than by individuals Explain the tragedy of the commons, with an example There is a common property resource that is overexploited and we run out. Who was responsible for early studies? Colonial administrators 5

6 What is utilitarian conservation? Resources should be saved because they are used by all living things What is pragmatic utilitarian conservation? The idea there is waste in neglecting the development and use of natural resources Next Section planetary management worldview? Humans are number one There will always be more Economic growth is good. Natural Resources are here for our benefit. biocentric view for the environment? Save/ preserve nature for it s beauty and spiritual value What view would the national park service support most? Biocentric preservation and pragmatic utilitarian conservation 6

7 How was Rachel Carson s Silent Spring ideas different from early north American ideas? Silent spring placed more emphasis on pollution problems earth wisdom worldview? Nature is not just for us. Not always more. Sustainable growth Cooperation with nature/each other. most recent concern to be added to thinking? Global concerns What is one way to bring about better quality Through social progress and education Explain the reasoning behind the order of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. Reduce uses less materials and creates less waste in the end. Reuse needs no new materials or energy. Recycle does not need new materials and saves space in a landfill. Write the numerical equivalent of ppm, ppb, ppt? ppm = 1/ ppb = 1/ ppt = 1/

8 Which country uses the most coal? China What kind of pollution kills at least 3 million people per year? Air Pollution What provides the best evidence for reducing overpopulati on and its strain in the environment A decrease in the average number of children born to each woman How many species are believed to have gone extinct in the past century? More than 800 What is point of the P x A x T = I equation? Gives the impact of people and their culture on the environment P = population size A = Affluence (level of consumption) T = Technology (processes used to obtain and transform goods) I = Environmental Impact List 3 reasons that Bison population plummeted between 1500 and 1900 Killed for food Killed for hides for trading To control the native americans Competing with cattle for food resources (grass) Killed for trampling crops Bones used for fertilizer 8

9 Give 3 characteristics of hunter gatherers. Survive by collecting edible plants, hunting, fishing, scavenging. Lived in small groups of less than 50 Worked together to get enough to survive. Nomadic moved to find food. Sustainable, low resource use society. Give 3 characteristics of agricultural societies. Subsistence farming families grew enough to feed themselves. Small plots Invented technology (ex. plow, irrigation) Domesticated animals. Low population size Population increased with reliable food supply. Lived in one place tied down by material goods. Villages, towns, and cities were possible. Give 3 characteristics of industrial societies. Energy shift from wood and flowing water to nonrenewable fossil fuels (coal). Large scale production in centralized factories Rural people moved into cities to find work. Farm yields increased with machinery, fertilizer, and plant-breeding. Less people can grow more food. Infant mortality drops and life expectancy goes up because of better sanitation, hygiene, nutrition, medical care, and education. What is toxic colonialism? The exportation of toxic waste to poor countries. Why is ism becoming well established? Combination of activism and reseach. What happens to people as Global Domestic Product rises? The percentage of safe drinking water and literacy can go up. 9

10 Explain how slash and burn cultivation works. 1. A section of forest is slashed (cut down) 2. The area is burned to: i. Clear away brush ii. Provide nutrients to the soil from the ash 3. The area is farmed for 2-5 years 4. The farmers move on because of a loss of soil nutrients and productivity. 5. The area regenerates How is poverty passed from generation to generation? The lack of opportunities for change, education etc What are the top 5 countries in terms of sustainable devleopment? Sweden Finland New Zealand Switzerland Costa Rica How much food was grown on a subsistence farm? Enough to meet the needs of the farmers family. There is no excess for other people. Next Section If everyone used resources at the rate we do in the US, what would happen? We d run out of resources FAST! 10

11 Who does more damage? The world s poorest people Put into 2 groups and give them titles. Rachel Carson Gifford Pinchot Aldo Leopold Teddy Roosevelt John Muir John Wesley Powell Preservationists: Muir, Carson, Leopold Wise Use: Pinchot, Roosevelt, Powell Explain the differences between the two groups using the example of a forest Preservationists: Muir, Carson, Leopold Wise Use: Pinchot, Roosevelt, Powell Preservationists: Leave it alone for plants, animals, and future generations. Wise Use: Log it sustainably for use by man What was the lesson of the Kaibab? Management decisions have unknown ramifications so make good decisions based on what you have learned. Explain the basics of hydraulic fracturing Using water, sand and chemicals under pressure to break up shale rock and release oil and gas. Can drill not only down but also sideways. 11