Energy Storage & Electric Vehicles Northern Perspectives, Regional Opportunities

Transcription

1 Energy Storage & Electric Vehicles Northern Perspectives, Regional Opportunities George Roe Research Faculty, University of Alaska Fairbanks / acep.uaf.edu

2 Fostering development of practical, innovative and cost effective energy solutions for Alaska and beyond

3 Locally Available Renewable Energy Resources Alaska has abundant renewable energy resources, including: Wind Geothermal Hydropower Hydrokinetic Solar Biomass Variable Variable Variable ALASKA FACTS: Alaska has spent more money per capita on renewable energy projects in the past decade than any other state in the country Alaska has a goal of producing 50% of its electricity from renewable resources by 2025

4 Some Alaska solar installations

5 Thermal energy sources in Alaska Temperature range ~ deg F

6 Arctic Realities Vast / diverse geography Extreme / varied climate Distributed population Limited road network End of supply lines Stranded resources Islanded electric grids High energy costs Environmental change

7 Energy Storage Technologies Pumped hydro Compressed gas Batteries Ultracapacitors Flywheels Thermal Credit: Richard Williams

8 Alaska Electrical Energy Storage Flywheels: in-service & in-work Experience Utility Battery Energy Storage Systems Online Kodiak Flow Battery Research Fairbanks Metlakatla Capacitors Installed Technical Literature at ACEP webpage & Alaska Energy Wiki site

9 Using Stored Thermal Energy in AK Vehicle heating interior, battery, engine Wind-to-heat buffering CHP & exhaust heat recovery optimization Season-shifted space heating Container refrigeration & cold storage Process heat resource

10 Alaska Electrical Energy Storage Geophysical sensors Border security Communication systems Off-grid renewable energy High-penetration gridded renewables Diesel-off facilitation Uninhabited vehicles Transportation Opportunities

11 Transportation is electrifying POWER ELECTRONICS (Si, SiC, GaN SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCHES CAPACITORS CIRCUITRY OTHER COMPONENTS ENERGY STORAGE BATTERIES MAINTENANCE FREE CHEMISTRIES FLYWHEELS SUPERCAPACITORS THERMAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVE VS. PASSIVE HEAT PIPES ELECTRIC AIR CONDITIONING STORAGE RECOVERY POWER GENERATION / UTILIZATION MOTOR TYPES SWITCHED RELUCTANCE INDUCTION STARTER / GENERATORS COOLING MAG BEARINGS CONTROLLERS ELECTRIC ACTUATION POWER DISTRIBUTION / SYSTEM INTEGRATION VOLTAGE TYPE HIGH VOLTAGES, FREQUENCY QUALITY / STABILITY EMI MODELING DEMONSTRATIONS SIGNAL CONTROLS ELECTRIC PHOTONIC More Electric Platforms

12 SE AK & Electric Transportation Temperate environment Short range road & water connections Hydroelectric energy resource High value, vulnerable environment Visitor transportation / experience Fishing & shipping fleets Broadening application space Working maritime fleet More challenging terrestrial Unmanned autonomous systems

13 Electric maritime

14 Vehicle Vessel to Grid circa 1930 In the 1920s, Tacoma received most of its electrical energy from dams on the Nisqually and Skokomish Rivers. Supplemental energy came from the Dock Street steam plant (1922). A drought in 1929 severely cut the power from the hydroelectric sources. The shortage became so critical that Superintendent Ira S. Davisson ( ) had to cut power to Cascade Paper Company. Cascade laid off 300 employees. Fort Lewis turned the lights out in the barracks at 4:00 p.m. Photo: Tacoma Public Utilities U.S. Navy aircraft carrier U.S.S. Lexington (CV-2) tied up to the Baker Dock and supplied a quarter of Tacoma s power from December 17, January 17, Source:

15 Defining Microgrids A group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources (DER) with clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid [and can] connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island mode. (DOE) Graphic source: ACEP

16 The arctic early adopter commercialization enabler for energy technologies

17 Why in the arctic? Small scale applications Local replication potential Local skills for adapting / tailoring systems Price of energy earlier break-even Pan-arctic application space Developing world & remote site synergies Emerging / growing multi-sector markets Street credibility as proven in the arctic

18 Alaska Center for Microgrid Technologies Commercialization Economic Development Administration i6 Challenge grant (July 2015 July 2018) Providing technical and business assistance to accelerate commercialization, and implementation, of technologies for affordable and reliable microgrid energy systems.

19 AK-facilitated technology transition TROVE INSIGHT

20 Where do similar energy markets exist?

21 Electric merry time at Seafair? Renewable energy island serving e-boats Increase familiarity & interest Environmental messaging opportunity Leverage / synergize e-transportation efforts Catalyze business development Thoughts, interest,? Marine Energy Routing Energy Storage Sustainability Resilience Electric Vehicles Renewable Energy

22 Organizational & Regional Collaboration Technology development Modeling Test Demonstration Scaling Commercialization Support

23 BACKUP MATERIALS

24 NW Arctic Borough Solar PV Photos: Northwest Arctic Borough Borough population: 7,810 Electricity for village water treatment plants Launched in Ambler, replicating to borough 10,000 kwh/year from 10 kw array Peak production April-June Long sunlight hours in summer + 30% reflection off snow-covered ground in spring 12.8 year payback (Ambler PV Data 2014) Powering water treatment facilities with renewable energy Ambler WTP solar dashboard

25 Kodiak Electric Association Photos: Kodiak Electric Association Community size: 13,281 Power generation capability: 33 MW hydroelectric 9 MW wind 3 MW battery storage 2 MW flywheel storage 36 MW diesel 99+% renewable energy in 2014 Novel wind-first / battery / hydro integration

26 St. Paul Island POSS Camp Photos: TDX Power, Beacon Power Airport & industrial complex power & heat Power generation capability: 775 kw wind Dispatchable thermal load with storage 100 kw flywheel storage (late 2014) 300 kw diesel Sustained 30+% diesel-off, 80% by 2016 First 100% wind / diesel-off project in Alaska operating for 15 years

27 ACEP Examples: Energy Storage Flow battery testing and economic assessment Technical assessment of large scale energy storage Analytic right-sizing of storage in diesel / wind /geothermal system Modeling of distributed thermo-electric storage Flywheel integration 27

28 Seward & electric vehicles? Road & rail connectivity Deep water harbor & shipyard AVTEC workforce development resource UAF Seward Marine Center Existing on-ramps Visitor experiences Tourism Sport fishing Regional collaboration opportunity SE, SW, W, NW, N, Interior, Lower 48, stranded renewables integration

29 Unmanned systems Flying Swimming Crawling Waiting - Small & large Individual & collectives

30 Alaska solar information sites Alaska Energy Data Inventory website Alaska Center for Energy and Power Cold Climate Housing Research Center Alaska Rural Energy Conference presentations 2015 Alaska Solar Energy Workshop presentations AEA solar energy projects webpage UAF Office of Sustainability - solar projects webpage