Name: Miriam Feilberg Title: Project manager, DHI Bio: Policy, Institutional development, training, capacity building, gender and water

Transcription

1 Name: Miriam Feilberg Title: Project manager, DHI Bio: Policy, Institutional development, training, capacity building, gender and water Your photograph

2 UNEP-DHI Partnership presents Webinars on Water Quality The purpose is improve awareness on the importance of water quality and how improving water quality improves opportunities for sustainable development and better opportunities for urban and rural populations Our target group is policy-makers, water managers, planners, river basin committees, water user associations, students, NGO s and other major water stakeholders with an interest in a deeper understanding of key concepts related to the impact of water quality for people and nature

3 Our first webinar today is on Global goals and lessons learned The importance of water quality for environment, development and health. Water quality and the Sustainable Development Goals. Lessons learned from the EU Water Framework Directive. Our programme today is: Peter Koefoed Bjørnsen, Head of UNEP-DHI partnership: How is Water Quality related to global water targets such as the MDG s or the future SDG s? Jørgen Krogsgaard, DHI Senior expert on Water quality management: Working with water quality an example from India Jesper Dannisøe, DHI Senior expert, WFD and EIA: Water Framework Directive as a framework for water policy If you have questions then please write them to us Use the chat-function in the toolbar

4 Before we proceed A brief talk with Joachim Harlin, Water and Development expert at UNDP United Nations Development Programme

5 A short poll where are you coming from Asia Africa Europe North America South America

6 Water Quality in the Post-2015 Agenda Water Quality Webinar Peter Koefoed Bjørnsen, UNEP-DHI Centre

7 Millenium Development Goal 7

8 Rio+20 Outcome Document (June 2012) 119 water is at the core of sustainable development 120. progressive realization of access to safe and affordable water and basic sanitation for all, improve the implementation of integrated water resource management at all levels 121. human right to safe drinking water and sanitation 122. ecosystems play a key role in maintaining water quantity and quality 123. adopt measures to address floods, droughts, and water scarcity reduce water pollution and increase water quality, improve water efficiency and reduce water losses.

9 From Rio+20 to post 2015 SDGs Guided by the priorities agreed at the Rio+20 Conference (2012) Building on thematic, national and regional consultations (2013) Drawing on the High Level Panel, Sustainable Development Solutions Network, UN Global Compact, the Budapest Water Summit (2013) Discussions of the Open Working Group on SDGs (2014) Negotiations UN GA (2015) Monitoring, UN Statistical Commission (2015)

10 Water and sanitation (WASH) The human right to water and sanitation Obligations on all Member States to make provision for progressive realization of the right Finishing the unfinished business in WASH must remain a top priority

11 Water Resources Management Finishing the unfinished business in water resources management is also a priority Agenda 21 (1992), JPOI (2002) and subsequent CSD meetings (2005, 2008, 2012) Recent UN-Water survey of more than 130 countries, thematic and national consultations show that there has been widespread adoption of integrated approaches to water management, but Significant challenges still remain!

12 Wastewater and Water Quality Improving water quality and wastewater management need to be a priority too Water quality has to date been very much neglected 80% of wastewater is discharged without treatment Impact on the water resource and therefore on drinking-water supply Impact on ecosystems These concerns were clearly expressed at Rio+20

13 Water related disasters Increased resilience to water- related disasters Floods and droughts (CC) Human-influenced disasters such as chemical spills Rio+20 called for stronger coordination between disaster risk reduction and development planning

14 Global Risk Report 2015 (WEF) Top 10 risks in terms of Impact Water crises Weapons of mass destruction Interstate conflict Energy price shock Failure of climatechange adaptation Fiscal crises Unemployment or underemployment Biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse Spread of infectious diseases Critical information infrastructure breakdown

15 SDG 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all Access to safe and affordable drinking water for all Sanitation and hygiene for all, 6.3 Improve water quality by reducing pollution and untreated wastewater, and increasing recycling and safe reuse 6.4 Increase water-use efficiency across all sectors, ensure sustainable withdrawals and reduce water scarcity 6.5 Implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate a 6.b Protect and restore water-related ecosystems, Expand international cooperation and capacity-building support and strengthen the participation of local communities

16 Name: Jørgen Krogsgaard Jensen Title: Biologist (M.Sc.) Bio: Ecological and water quality studies in rivers, reservoir and lakes. Pollution load estimation. Modelling hydraulics, water quality and ecological processes.

17 Project area : Yamuna River Western Yamuna Canal Yamuna River Tajewala Barrage Hindon River Najafgarh River Wazirabad Barrage Hindon Cut Delhi Okhla Barrage Gokul Barrage

18 Main objective for the study Decision Support System (DSS) for manager for analysis and negotiation of issues related to: Water allocation (drinking water, irrigation, industrial purpose, Environmental Flow) Management options for improving water quality in the river (load reduction, flushing, allocation of water)

19 Water Resources and Water Quality Study and Modelling. Development of a Decision Support System (DSS) Element of the study Analysis of existing data and the main challenges Set-up and execution of supplementary monitoring program Set-up and calibration of models Scenario simulation Design and set-up of DSS (initiated at the beginning of the study) Client: National River Conservation Directorate (NRCD) Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) Government of India

20 Analysis of existing data and information

21 Model used: MIKE 11 EcoLab This model was selected because it is a user friendly powerful calculation tool. However other models or calculation methods can used as well (from back of envelope over Excel massbalances to other static or dynamic models). Hydrodynamics Advection-Dispersion Parameters Forcing ECO Lab BOD O2 phytoplankton Transformation Sedimentation Sorption

22 River Network: Pollution Inflow + Irrigation and Drinking Water Outflow etc.

23 MIKE 11 EcoLab processes included + Faecal Bacteria (E. Coli)

24 Results: DO and BOD Comparison between Action Plan 2 with flushing, year 2012 (blue) and 2032 (red) and the existing conditions 2002 (black line): BOD-DO.avi Plan plot (river seen from above) of Oxygen (mg/l) Longitudinal profile of Oxygen (mg/l) concentration along the main Yanmuna River Longitudinal profile of BOD (mg/l) concentration along the main Yanmuna River

25 Conclusions: WQ analysis A flushing scenario will result in a slight improvement. Proposed pollution reduction will improve the water quality significantly. However, river stretches with unsatisfying high pollution will still prevail. Proposed load reduction + flushing will not be sufficient to ensure good water quality at the Delhi river stretch. An additional necessary pollution reduction to the Yamuna River have been quantified. Critical stretches between Najafgarh Drian and Hindon Cut will still be expected.

26 Decision Support System Elements Input: (Meteorological data) Inflow data Water use MIKEBASIN Input: Population no. Sewage treatment Industrial load LOAD Calculator Time series MIKE 11 HD ECOLab - WQ Water deficit Water Quality

27 Yamuna DSS

28 Functionality of the Yamuna DSS. Define baseline scenarios Select a Baseline simulation Create a new scenario Point Pollution Calculator: Change Loads Mike Basin: Change diversion rules, Water User demands, etc. Run the model complex (or a part hereof). Present Water Quantity and Water quality at selected sites and compare against predefined values.

29 The European Water Framework Directive Jesper Goodley Dannisøe, Senior Project Manager Title: Senior Biologist Bio: Large-scale infrastructure, water quality, EIA and monitoring

30 Topics Short intro to water management in Europe before the Water Framework Directive, WFD, (2000) Background for the WFD Implementation Intercalibration and beyond DHI

31 Monitoring in Europe prior to the WFD (pre-2000) The European water quality monitoring before 2000 consisted of: Water quality stations ranging from few to many in the countries Biological monitoring developed through 30+ years with different focus and using different types of indices and methods Most monitoring systems were only considered as indicative with no repercusion DHI

32 National policies in the EU countries Different focus Different levels of protection and standard of waterbodies Biological indices were ranked lower than chemical monitoring Not all chemistry-stations were surveyed for biology Difficult to compare efforts and compliance between countries DHI

33 Pre-WFD directives aiming at reducing pollutiuon The Nitrates Directive (1991) aimed to protect water quality across Europe by preventing nitrates from agricultural sources polluting ground and surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices. The Urban Wastewater Directive (1991) concerning urban waste water treatment was adopted to protect the water environment from the adverse effects of discharges of urban waste water and from certain industrial discharges. Updated in DHI

34 02. Water framework Directive DHI

35 The Water Framework Directive, was underway for more than 7 years Took national differences into consideration Aimed at creating a policy with consequences DHI

36 The Water Framework Directive is: An integrated Water Policy in the Member States A better protection of the Water resources Development of sustainable water supply. Better link between the ground water and the surface water Comparable methods and administrative procedures Covers all inland and coastal waters DHI

37 Timing 2000: Directive enters into force 2003: Transposition in national legislation, identification of river districts 2004: Characterisation of river basins: pressures, impacts and economy 2006: Establishing monitoring network 2008: present draft river basin management plan 2009: Final river basin man. Plan and programme of measures 2010: Introducing water pricing policies 2012: Make operational program of measures 2015: Meet environmental objectives 2015: Second river basin man.plan and fist flood risk man. Plan 2021: Second management plan period ends 2027: Third management plan ends: All objectives fulfilled DHI

38 Highlights from the WFD The Biology has moved to the front page! Linkage between the ground water and the terrestrial ecosystems Wetlands must be safeguarded Priority Pollutants must be removed from the aquatic systems Description/mapping of land-use in all catchments

39 All waterbodies are grouped The waterbodies are grouped into: Rivers/streams Lakes Transitional waters Coastal waters (1 NM from shore)

40 Typology All waterbodies divided into: Natural Artificial Heavily modified

41 The management: River Basin Districts The WFD moves the River Basin District authorities from political to physical boundaries Administration must be based on the natural catchments of the water bodies. River basins can be shared among member states (Rhine, Donau, Elbe, etc)

42 The Rhine

43 River Basin District Authorities The RBD Authorities will be responsible for: Identification of reference sites / areas Planning and design of the monitoring programmes Carry out the monitoring programmes Reporting to the National Authorities Take proper action to fulfil the proposed status for the different water bodies

44 Definitions The WFD classifies the Ecological status in surface water bodies by: Biological Quality criteria / elements Physico-chemical criteria / elements The biological elements are the fundamental criteria for the classification. The physico-chemical elements are regarded as supportive elements for the biological quality elements.

45 Levels of Status The levels of Status : High Ecological Status Good Ecological Status Moderate Ecological Status Poor Ecological Status Bad Ecological Status

46 The determination of Status: Done by biological assessments (invertebrates, fish, plankton vegetation etc) Chemical assessments (ordinary water chemistry) DHI

47 Flow in status classification Values for BQE = Reference condition NO Values for BQE = Slight deviation NO Classify on biological deviation from reference condition YES YES YES Physico-chemical= High status NO Physico-chemical ensure ecosystem function and meets EQS for specific pollutants NO Deviation moderate? Greater Deviation major? YES Hydromorphology = High status YES YES YES NO NO Good status Moderate status Poor status YES High Status BQE = Biological Quality Elements EQS = Ecological Quality Standards Bad status

48 DPSIR method: A tool for assessing impacts Driving force => Pressure => State => Impact => Response Driving force: Population growth Pressure: Sewage discharge State: Increased nutrients Impact: Algal and plant growth Response: Control of discharge DHI

49 DPSIR The DPSIR method highlights the impacts and provide help in finding out where the impacts are. Can be used to develop policies and actions DHI

50 About DHI DHI are the first people you should call when you have a tough challenge to solve in a water environment. In the world of water, our knowledge is second-to-none, and we strive to make it globally accessible to clients and partners. So whether you need to save water, share it fairly, improve its quality, quantify its impact or manage its flow, we can help. Our knowledge, combined with our team s expertise and the power of our technology, hold the key to unlocking the right solution. DHI

51 Jesper Goodley Dannisøe, Thank you DHI

52 More Questions from the Audience? We have recorded the webinar and will send you a link to the recording, when available. We look forward to meeting you again Next webinar will be on September 30 with the topic: Water quality challenges and issues, where we will go more into detail, also with health and climate change links. Click here for more information and to join future webinars You can write to UNEP-DHI with questions and suggestions. Write to Maija Bertule: mabe@dhigroup.org

53 A short poll What Water Quality topic would you like to learn more about? Health impacts of poor water quality Urban water quality Technical solutions and interventions Monitoring water quality Other topic - please write to us