EFFECTIVE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH

Transcription

1 EFFECTIVE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ROLE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY - (HYDROPOWER THE CASE OF KENYA) By Ogeya Mbeo Research Scientist Energy Technologies Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI)

2 INTRODUCTION Hydropower is an installation where hydraulic power is used to generate electricity by means of turbine-generator units or group. A carbon free source of energy It is Kenya s main source of electricity alongside geothermal and thermal power generation. In Kenya the hydropower categories include: Big hydropower > 10MW Small hydropower >1MW less than 3MW Mini hdropower >100kW less than 1MW Micro hydropower >10kW less than 100kW Pico hydropower <10kW

3 The development of Renewable Energy Technologies (RET) was stepped up in 2004 upon the launch of the Energy Policy Paper of 2004 and is being handled in the ministry within the department of Renewable Energy. According to the energy act of 2006, private investor, community group or an institution is permitted to install and generate for own consumption or sale in an isolated grid, or supply to the national grid through the feed-in tariff scheme upto a maximum of 3MW of energy. About 70% of techno-economically feasible big hydropower stations (with the existing technology) have been exploited hence more concentration is geared towards small and micro-hydro power stations. Energy policy paper of 2004 reports a potential of 3000MW of power from small, micro and pico -hydro power stations barely 10% exploited to-date

4 (Ministry of Energy, 2009) This is projected to decline to only 37% by 2019

5 BULK SUPPLY OF POWER COMMITTED GENERATION PROJECT FROM (Imitara J; 2009)

6 Bulk power supply committed projects from Hydro 4% Baggase 1% Import 10% Wind 19% Geothermal 16% Thermal 50% Reducing interest in hydropower with increasing interest in thermal power generation

7 Bulk power generation by sector Private Sector Government/Quasi government sector Government/Private 26% 35% 39%

8 SMALL HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT The Government through the ministry of Energy Recently published feed-in tariffs that allow both individuals and private entities to harness the power and sell to the national Grid and also encourage investors into the hydropower industry. Feasibility studies have recently been carried out by several actors with interest in the field. For instance Ministry of Energy 24 sites KIRDI 14 sites Green Power > 15 sites Actual implementation is however yet to be realized with the private sector involvement

9 Station Location Installation Capacity (MW) Year of Construction Mesco Maragua Ndula Thika Sagana Upper Tana Gogo Migori Tana Upper Tana Sosiani Sosiani Wanjii Maragua Tenwek Bomet Unilever kericho J Finlay. kericho Others (Thiba, tungu Kirinyaga kabiri, < Kiangurwe)

10 THREATS AND CHALLENGES IN THE HYDROPOWER SECTOR Frequent draught (2009 worst hit year with Masinga dam production capacity falling from 80MW to 40MW) Catchment area degradation (The Mau water catchment) Climate change Population growth Land use land cover change Technology

11 Jesse Allen, 2009

12 ERC, 2009

13 (UNEP,KWS,KFWG; 2005)

14 (UNEP,KWS,KFWG; 2005)

15 ??? Is hydropower still an attractive renewable energy source with the emerging trends of climate change and environmental degradation as in the case of Kenya

16 KEY QUESTIONS AMONGST COMMUNITIES Electricity or Agriculture Pay for installation or pay for food Purchase energy or harvest free wood resource Some important policy issues from China Self generation, self use and self management Incentive policy (20% - 60% government subsidies) Open power market system based on a competitive and open region power market as well as a socialistic market economy

17 LADDER TOWARDS INCLUSIVE SUSTAINABLE GROWTH (ISG) IN HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT Communities Public sector Private sector Active Involvement of the various actors in the sustainable natural resource exploitation + Appropriate technologies

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