Japan s Electric Power

Transcription

1 Japan s Electric Power (2) Naohiro Hozumi Toyohashi University of Technology, JAPAN hozumi@ee.tut.ac.jp

2 History (3)

3 Feudal period (Yed period) ~1868 (4)

4 Leiden Jar, (5)

5 18th Century electrical experiment Igniting spirits of wine by means of an electrostatic discharge. A man, standing on an insulating wax tablet, holds a charged glass rod in his left hand and a sword in his right. An electrostatic charge is created by the frictional electrostatic generator on the right. This passes through the glass rod, the body of the man standing on the wax tablet and down through the sword where a spark passes between the sword and the spoon setting light to the spirits of wine in the spoon. During the 18th century there was huge interest in electrical studies in England, France and Germany, particularly after the Leyden Jar was invented in (6)

6 (7) Gennai Hiraga (1728~1779) and others Elekiter, the friction charger for therapy.

7 (8) Encounter with western civilization 1853

8 Telecommunication (9) 1871~1941 Shanghai - Nagasaki 1871~1969 Nagasaki - Russia 1963 Nagasaki - Russia 1875 Yokohama

9 DC generator and electric light 1878 (10) Arc light with 50 batteries 1878 工部大学校講堂

10 (11) Institute of Electric Engineering Japan 1888 Telephone, Broadcasting, Electric Train, Television, Audio and Video Recorder

11 Power plants in early ages DC power distribution 1887 Steam engine DC 210 V 25 kw 2 km max Asakusa fuel plant 1895 AC 200 kw x 4 2 kv 50 Hz (12)

12 Niagara Hydro plant, 1890s (13)

13 600kW Hydropower station, Sendai 1908 First hydropower generator coupled with a spinning water wheel. 5 kw for 50 arc lights (14)

14 Lake Biwa canal, Kyoto1890 (15)

15 Power sources (16)

16 Kurobe hydropower 335 MW 1963 (17)

17 Fuel power plant (18) Fuel Nuclear Nanko plant, 1990 (600 MW x3)

18 (19) FukushimaI nuclear power 4.7 GW BWR

19 Protection (20) Careful design Emergency stop Enclosure Cooling

20 Failure (21) Loss of electricity Loss of cooling function Water level reduction Damage and hydrogen Release

21 Power system (22)

22 Power system Overhead transmission Power plant Transmission network Distribution Underground transmission Substation Distribution substation (23)

23 Power companies and network (26) Hokkaido 6 GW Chugoku 11 GW 5.6 GW Kyushu 15 GW 16 GW Kansai 28 GW Shikoku 5 GW 5,6 GW 5.6 GW 1.4 GW Thokuriku 6 GW 0.3 GW Chubu 25 GW Tohoku 12 GW Tokyo 49 GW 1 GW 0.6 GW 6.3 GW

24 50 Hz 60 Hz conversion (27)

25 Power cables J-Power systems HP (28)

26 1000 kv transmission line (29)

27 Quality (30)

28 Power prices in the world (2011) US Cents/kWh US Cents/kWh (31) Industrial Use Family Use JPN USA UK France JPN USA UK France

29 Annual power-cut time per user (min) (32) 諸外国と比較して 日本の故障停電時間は非常に短い 年間 1 需要家当たりの故障停電時間 ( 分 ) Japan 弊社 JPN アメリカ USA フランス France イギリス UK (Chubu) [ ニューヨーク (NY) ] (H20 年度 ) (H20 年 ) (H19 年 ) (H19 年度 ) ( 中部電力 ) Excellent! 出典 : アメリカ [ ニューヨーク ] The 2008 Interruption Report イギリス フランス : 海外電気事業統計 2009 海外電力調査会

30 Reduction in power cut in Japan (33) (min) (times) Time per user (min) # of power cuts per user

31 Transmission loss 送配電ロスについても 日本は世界トップクラスの低さ 送配電損失率の国際比較 Canada France UK JAPAN Excellent! USA Germany Italy JPN 出典 : 次世代送配電ネットワーク研究会報告書 34 (34)

32 Demand and supply (35)

33 Population and energy consumption (36) Population (2009) Energy consumption (2009) China China India USA JPN India JPN

34 Power consumption per capita (37) Canada USA Korea JPN France Germany Russia UK Italy WLD Ave China Brazil India

35 Power sources in the world (38) WLD USA China JPN Russia India Canada Germany France Brazil Korea UK Italy Coal Oil Gas Hydro Nuclear

36 (39) Power sources Renewable Hydro Natural gas Coal Petroleum Nuclear

37 Consumption (10 6 kw) Daily demand and power sources (40) Demand Pumping Fuel Nuclear Hydro

38 (42) Transition in power consumption per family

39 (43) Power demand per capita USA Hong Kong, Singapore Taiwan, Korea JPN Malaysia Thai, China, Philippines India, Pakistan Indonesia, Lao, Vietnam Nepal, Bhutan 1 kw/capita?

40 Population in the world (44) Billion 2007 年で 6.6 bil. World war II Industrial rev.

41 CO 2 emission Mt carbon Gas Petroleum Coal 50 % restored through photosynthesis, 50 % restored in air. (45)

42 Total demand of the world M barrel / day (46) Energy in the future? Solar? gas oil coal nuclear wood

43 We are rich in solar power Only black spots of areas can supply the world s total demand with solar cells of 8% efficiency. (47)

44 New power network? (48)

45 Transmission network around Europe DESERTEC Foundation: Start ( 高電圧大電力試験 : 日立 ( (49)

46 High voltage DC transmission (50) ケーブル

47 Space charge measurement (51) Measurement system Measurement in factory

48 Electricity liberalization (52) Past Present gas Local power company Local power company New powers gasoline telecom big trade Consumers with less than 50 kw in contract power loyalty program gas and power local power production renewable power

49 Japan s electric power Technical background. 150 years of history. Excellent reliability. Imported energy source. 50 / 60 Hz, 1 kw / person. Fuel power is dominant. CO 2 is a big issue. Not negative to nuclear yet. Thank you for your attention (53)