University and Federal Partners

Transcription

1 Growing Sustainable Bioenergy Crops for the Northeast Tom Richard Penn State University Northeast Perennial Grass and Woody Crop Supply University and Federal Partners Biomass (dry tons/year) Partner Organizations Penn State Universit Cornell Universit SUNY ESF West Virginia Universit Delaware State Universit Ohio State Universit Rutgers Universit Drexel Universit USDA ARS ERRC DOE Oak Ridge National Laborator DOE Idaho National Laborator Farm Gate Price 1

2 11/8/2013 Willow Biomass Production Cycle NEWBio: Northeast Woody/Warm-season Biomass Consortium Education Extension Willow DoubleAWillow Miscanthus Site preparation Harvest Store Densify Transport Biofuel Markets Mascoma Thermochemical Case New Holland, TerraGreen Three years old after coppice Praxair Primus Green Energy American Refining Group Planting Bio-electricity South Point Harvest, Feedstock Preprocessing Improvement & Logistics Safety and Health Sustainability Systems One year old after coppice Leadership and Evaluation First-year growth Winter coppice Regrowth after coppice Willow Biomass Production Cycle Three years old after coppice Winter harvest At least 7 harvests Fertilizer: ~100 lbs N per acre after every harvest (every 3 years) One year old after coppice Regrowth after coppice >200 acres of nursery beds production capacity of 30,000,000 cuttings/year Current plantingphoto capacity by Larry Abrahamson 5000 acres/year NEWBio equipment lease/loan contractor 2

3 11/8/2013 Multiple Harvesting Strategies Cut and chip (New Holland) or baling (Biobaler) Feedstock Development Largest native grass seed producer in the eastern US 40 years experience in seed and grass production 4000 acres of switchgrass production Densification facility processing 25,000 tons/year of pellets Construction complete in shake-down April 2012 Developing high yielding biofuel cultivars for the Northeast and MidAtlantic US Identify superior germplasm adapted to the temperate region of the US Increase biomass & biofuel yield Modified/lower lignin content Improve tolerance to drought, disease, and lodging Improve germination and establishment High yields on marginal land Miscanthus x giganteus 1000 acres rhizome propagation 4500 acres planted in Ohio/Pennsylvania 18,000 acres total -> 250,000 tons biomass Proprietary planting and harvesting equipment GPS planting and GIS mapping Aerial crop monitoring Pest and disease monitoring Harvest modeling and forecasting Integrated logistics modeling software 3

4 Biomass Logistics A Massive Challenge! Global biomass volumes required to achieve a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by T L Richard Science 2010;329: Published by AAAS Commodity Supply Chains Supply Chain Business Functions Farm gate Plant gate Handling & Transportation Biomass Production Harvest & Collection Off-site storage & preprocessing Long-haul transport to plant Handling & Queuing Conversion Plant -Cutting & hauling -Densification (baling, bundling or chipping) -Grinding and formatting for increased density -Fractionation, tissue separation, drying, or blending for improved feedstock quality -Loads directly to transport vehicle Suppliers of construction waste, woody biomass, and agricultural biomass Biomass Conversion Facility Downstream Operators 4

5 Conversion Partner: Conversion Partner: Corporate headquarters in Lebonon, New Hampshire Operating Pilot Plant in Rome, NY First Commercial Plant permitted for Kinross, MI Second Commercial Plant in the Northeast? Timeline: NEWBio Sustainability Framework Gallons Liquid Fuel / Ton Biomass (dilute acid, base case) (dilute acid, high solids) Pyrolysis (internal H2 production) Pyrolysis (external H2) Gasification (low temperature) Gasification (high temperature) Gasification (with Praxair technology) *Adapted from Techno-economic comparison of biomass-to-transportation fuels via pyrolysis, gasification and biochemical pathways, Anex RP et al., Fuel (2010) Praxair technology significantly increases yield of gasification pathway Guiding Principles of NEWBio: (1) Biofuels and bioproducts must be sustainable in all dimensions: social, economic and environmental (2) Metrics must include market and non-market social and environmental services Specifically, we will assess: (1) the fuels life-cycle GHG emissions, (2) Impacts on soil and water quality, (3) impacts on landscape biodiversity, (4) emissions and impact of non-ghg air pollutants, (5) land use and land-use change related to energy feedstock production. (6) Individual and community attitudes and impacts (7) Local and regional economic impact 5

6 NEWBio: Northeast Woody/Warm-season Biomass Consortium Extension Education Willow DoubleAWillow Miscanthus Feedstock Improvement Harvest Store Densify Transport Case New Holland, TerraGreen Harvest, Preprocessing & Logistics Sustainability Systems Mascoma Thermochemical Praxair Primus Green Energy Bio-electricity South Point Safety and Health Biofuel Markets American Refining Group Leadership and Evaluation 6