Global Activities Towards Sustainable Bioenergy

Transcription

1 Global Activities Towards Sustainable Bioenergy Uwe R. Fritsche Energy & Climate Division, Darmstadt Office Oeko-Institut (Institute for Applied Ecology) presented at the JRC-INTA Expert Consultation GHG Emissions from Biofuels and Bioenergy Buenos Aires March 29-30, 2011

2 About Us founded in 1977 non-profit environmental organization staff > 140 in million budget local to global scope of (net)work

3 Biomass Research Sustainability (GHG, biodiversity, soil, water, social, land use) Technology Evaluation Life Cycle and Material Flow Analysis Cost & Employment Analysis Policies & Implementation Research Partners International Partners National Partners

4 Consider all Bioenergy Flows

5 Sustainable Biomass? Key Sustainability Issues direct and indirect land use change (LUC), and its impacts on GHG emissions biodiversity: exclusion of ( no-go ) areas and prioritization of feedstock/cultivation systems air, water and soil quality impacts (global) food security employment, land rights, rural income Coherence for all bioenergy (electricity, heat, transport) and biomaterials needed

6 Sustainability Standards EU RED: GHG emissions incl. direct LUC; exclusion of high-nature value and high-c land (ongoing work on high-biodiverse grassland and ILUC); no social or air/soil/water requirements (reporting only); USA: EPA on federal level (RFS2) regulates GHG emissions (incl. ILUC), but no biodiversity or other criteria; Californian LCFS also GHG with ILUC factor, will consider biodiversity, soil, water, food security in the future

7 Sustainability Standards ISO: Project Committee, first draft in 2013? GBEP: work of Sustainability Task Force on indicators finalized, draft list May 2011 (more tomorrow from Jonathan Reeves) GEF: ongoing study, results in Fall 2011 IDB: Sustainability Scorecard 2.0 other banks to follow soon UNEP-FAO: National Guidance

8 Sustainability Standards National schemes for biofuels BR: Social Biodiesel, work on EtOH seal NL: Cramer Commission and NTA8080 SE: Sustainable EtOH UK: RTFO Certification systems (more tomorrow from some):

9 Sustainability Standards BE (Wallonia) and NL: schemes for green electricity DE: (some) sustainability requirements for feedin tariff law (und review for 2012 revision); governmental plan to extend sustainability requirements to all (traded) biomass, including agricultural/forest products EU: extension of RED criteria to all bioenergy by Member States (voluntary); report end of 2011

10 Bioenergy-Water Nexus UNEP/ÖKO cooperation to give input to GBEP Sustainability Task Force full report + special issue of BioFPR in preparation

11 EtOH-BR EtOH-BR- sustain GHG emissions in g CO2eq/MJ 10 0 fossil Palm Palm-sustain BtL-residues-EU BtL-residues-import BtL-SRC-EU BtL-SRC-import EtOH-EU 2G (straw) costs in 2010/GJ GHG vs. Cost and Imports CO2-eq. LCA, no LUC costs excl. tax

12 More to Come Work on sustainable potentials of all bioenergy update of 2006 EEA study in late April new EU studies on sustainable bioenergy cost/supply curves (Fall 2011) GEF country case studies (Fall 2011) IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energies (SRREN currently under review): biomass chapter prominent Rio+20 Conference 2012: Bioenergy Role in Green Economy GHG emissions and cost

13 Sustainable Global Bioenergy 1500 Energy demand 2008 Biomass demand 2008 Primary energy demand 2050 EJ / Year Modelled biomass demand 2050 Technical potential for biomass 2050 Sustainable biomass potential 2050 Agriculture productivity improvement Energy crops without exclusion Energy crops with exclusion Surplus forest production Agricultural and forest residues Source: Bioenergy a Sustainable and Reliable Energy Source. IEA Bioenergy ExCo: 2019:15

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