Bioenergy development in Finland and EU: Fatcors affecting the future development

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1 Bioenergy development in Finland and EU: Fatcors affecting the future development Banska Bystrica Dan Asplund Asko Ojaniemi 1 Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund

2 Use of Bioenergy Small scale: heating houses Medium : district heating, industry Large scale :CHP-plants Transport fuel

3 Jyväskylä Rauhalahti CHP-plant 300 MW District heat: Electricity: Power steam: 150 MW 87 MW 67 MW Fuels: wood chips, sawdust, bark, roots, peat, REF 300 MW ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund

4 Oy Alholmens Kraft Ab, Pietarsaari, Finland - The Biggest Bioenergy Plant Steam Fuels 550 MW th 194/179 kg/s 165/40 bar 545/545 C Wood fuels, Peat, Coal Annual Use of Biofuels: 3,5 TWh Production: 560 GWh Heat and GWh Electricity Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund

5 EU targets 2010 Doubling of renewable energy share by 2010 from 6 % to 12 % Bioenergy increase from 45 Mtoe 135 Mtoe Bioelectricity increasing from 22 TWh to 230 TWh 17th Biomass Dan Asplund

6 Action Plan for Renewable Energy National plans earlier Use, PJ/annum Wood-based fuels: Small-scale use of firewood = 1.3 Mtoe Forest chips = 5 mill.m 3 =0.9 Mtoe Solid processing residues = 2.0 Mtoe Black liquor = 3.7 Mtoe Other bioenergy Hydro power Other renewables 3 11 Total th Biomass Dan Asplund

7 Primary energy consumtion 2006, Finland Peat, 6 % Other, 2 % Eletricity net import, 3 % Oil, 24 % Wood fuels,20 % Hydro,3 % Coal, 15 % Nuclear,16 % Natural gas,11 % Lähde: VTT/Energiatilastot Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund 7

8 100 Development of bioenergy in Finland and targets for 2005 and Target 80 Other bioenergy 70 Biogas 60 Demolition wood etc TWh 50 Recovered fuels, biodegradable part 40 Small-scale combustion of wood 30 Wood fuels used in industry and energy production 20 Black liquor and other concentrated liquors Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund Target Target

9 Bioelectricyty production and targets 2005 and Target Other wood fuels Black liquor and other concentrated liq. 10 TWh target 9 17th Biomass Dan Asplund target

10 EU 27: consumption of biomass Mtoe Gross inland consumption of biomass 2000 to 2007 EU in Mtoe ,5 63,9 66,2 72,9 78, ,7 98, Source: Eurostat.

11 Gross consumption of biomass and waste in EU-25 countries in 1997 and 2002 PJ Cyprus Luxembourg 2002 Source: Eurostat New Cronos Database Ireland Slovak Rep. Slovenia Estonia Lithuania Hungary Czech Rep. Belgium Greece Latvia UK Netherlands Italy Denmark Portugal Austria Poland Spain Finland Sweden Germany France

12 Gross consumption of biomass and waste in EU-25 countries in 2002 PJ % Liquid biofuels Biogas Industrial wastes MSW Wood for industry Wood for households 2.3% 1.4% 12.0% The share of biomass and waste of total gross energy consumption 11.1% 11.1% 4.9% 3.9% 20.2% 15.9% 2.6% 4.1% 0 UK Netherlands Italy Denmark Portugal Austria Poland Spain Finland Sweden Germany France Source: Eurostat New Cronos Database

13 Gross electricity production from biomass and waste in EU-25 countries in 1997 and 2002 TWh Latvia Estonia Luxembourg Hungary Ireland Slovenia Greece Slovak Rep. Czech Rep. Poland Belgium Portugal Austria Denmark Spain Italy Netherlands Sweden France UK Finland Germany Source: Eurostat New Cronos Database

14 EU 27: production of biofuels kt Bioethanol and biodiesel production 2000 to 2008 kt Bioethanol Biodiesel Source: Bioethanol: AEBIOM (2000 to 2003), Bundesverband Ethanolwirtschaft Deutschland (2003 to 2008). Biodiesel: EBB.

15 EU 27 biogas production Mtoe Biogas production and production from electricity from biogas 2004 to ,27 4,96 5,35 6,01 Mtoe ,15 1,46 1, Biogas Electricity from Biogas Source: AEBIOM (2004 to 2006), Eurobarometer (2007).

16 Energy policy for Europe 2020 A 20% renewable energy share of energy consumption by 2020 Biofuels for transport 10 % RES implementation programme before Follow up reports Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund

17 Renewable energy increase targets for members % 14 % 12 % 11,5 % 10 % 9,5 % 8 % 6 % 4 % 2 % 0 % United Kingdom Denmark Ireland France Germany Italy The Netherlands EU Spain Greece Belgium Austria Portugal Cyprus Luxembourg Malta Finland Sweden Slovenia Hungary Lithuania Poland The Slovak Republic Latvia Estonia The Czech Republic Bulgaria Romania Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund

18 Renewables Directive Target in the RES directive RES 2020 RES 2005 Bioenergy % of RES in 2005 % of final energy EU27 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE GR ES FR IT CY LV IT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

19 Development of all RES very high hopes for biomass! Wind Hydro PV solarthermal Others (geoth, ocean) Biomass

20 Res directive Country proposals of the EU increase from 8,5 % to 20 % Renewables Finland from 28,5 to 38 % Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund

21 Technically Harvestable Potential of Forest Chips Small trees from early thinnings 5 mill. m 3 /0.9 Mtoe/36 PJ Logging residues from final harvesting 8 mill. m 3 /1.4 Mtoe/57.6 PJ Stump and root wood from final harvesting 2 mill. m 3 /0.4 Mtoe/4.4 PJ

22 Bioenergy potential to increase Forest fuel 30 TWh Agro fuels 8 TWh Waste 4 TWh Biogas 6-18 TWh Pelletts 1 Mton (4,5 TWh) Transport fuel 5 TWh (recent regional updates expect more from forest fuels and reduce the agro targets!) 22 Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund

23 Potential of use in heating and CHP plants Potential of use of fuels 2020 (GWh) Forest chips Industrial Byproducts Peat District heating Industry heating District heating CHP-plants Industry CHP-plants Condensing power Total Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund

24 Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund

25 Why 40 %?. With this extra 2 % units top of the official target is set to secure the achievement by industry. This makes its also possible to use new sources with bigger risks.the new sources are needed anyhow in the future Extra goodwill. 25 Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund

26 "New" Bioenergy sources in Finland, targets 2020 Biogas Ethanol from waste Combustable waste Agro biomass Electricity 0,25 0,75 0,75 Transport 0,5 2 Industry 1 1 Heating 0,5 1,45 1,4 Total 1,25 2 3,2 3,15 Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund

27 Targets RES Increase by use sector in 2020 compared to 2005 Industry 10 TWh, increase 24 % Heating 16 TWh, increase 86 % The target includes wood pelletts 4,5 TWh, 1 milj. tonnes per year

28 Targets RES Increase by use sector in 2020 compared to 2005 Transport 6 TWh, allmost all increase

29 Targets RES Increase by use sector in 2020 compared to 2005 Electricity : 12,4 TWh, increase 54 % Bioelectricity 6,3 TWh

30 Targets RES Increase by use sector in 2020 compared to 2005 Total increase 44,4 TWh 53 % compared to 2005

31 RES Targets to 2020 by use sector (TWh) Electricity other RES 14,0 14,3 16,4 18,4 20,1 Electricity from bioma 8,9 13,0 13,5 13,7 15,2 Transport 0,0 2,9 4,3 4,8 6,0 Industry 42,1 49,0 49,4 50,2 52,1 Heating 18,6 22,1 26,1 27,3 34,6 Total 83,6 101,4 109,7 114,4 128,0 31 Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund

32 Bioenergy sources 2020 Forest fuel 20,5 TWh Forest industry by-products 21,8 TWh Black liquer 43,2 TWh Fire wood 16 TWh Waste 6 TWh Biogas 3,1 TWh Agro biomass 4 TWh Totally 114,6 TWh Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund

33 RES developments on the following areas: 1. Fuel production 2. House heating 3. Farms 4. Small CHP 5. Large CHP 6. Use of waste 7. Basic power 8. Transport All areas includes R&D, business concepts, demonstration/investments and teatching and advisoring 33 Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund

34 RES implementation tools in Finland Investment grants for residential heating Tax reduction for house heating Investments grants Conventional New technology Also biddings for new technology Tax incentivs forest fuel, biowaste,biogas Feed-in tariff- wind, biogas, small CHP Support for young forest thinnings Better forest roads Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund

35 Varying motivations to develop biomass 70 s SECURITY OF SUPPLY 80 S RURAL EMPLOYMENT 90 S IMPROVED FOREST MANAGEMENT 00 S CLIMATE CHANGE 10 S RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY? Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund

36 Factors affecting the development Competition between forest industry and energy sector (also:shutdowns free wood for energy use!) Development of district heating and cooling Co-generation, tri-generation = wise use of biomass resources Forest biomass is competitive with no or very mild incentives should be developed first where apllicable Other resources in order of competitiveness Import of biomass to large coastal plants-prolonging the lifetime of coal plants Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund

37 BENET Thank you for your attention Bioenergy 2009 Dan Asplund