Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. February 6,

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1 Efficiency Vermont is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-aia members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. February 6,

2 Learning Objectives By the end of this program, participants will be able to: Understand the current state of LED technology. Learn about new LED products and applications. Evaluate the challenges confronting LED design and manufacturing. Understand the future potential of various LED product categories. February 6,

3 Course Evaluations In order to maintain high-quality learning experiences, please access the evaluation for this course by logging into CES Discovery and clicking on the Course Evaluation link on the left side of the page. February 6,

4 Manufacturer Panel: LED Lamp Technology Trends Jim Gaines February 6, 2013

5 Outline What is the reason for the LED revolution, anyway? What do we stand to gain with LED? Barriers/Drivers Actual Products Explosion of products, to replace the existing technologies Technology is changing so rapidly product life (in market) is only about months. Products with completely new features are being introduced. February 6,

6 Comparison of Lighting Technologies DOE 2012 MYPP February 6,

7 Progress and Expectations for LED Devices DOE 2012 MYPP February 6,

8 What efficacy can we hope to reach? Best guess Pie in the sky! DOE 2012 MYPP February 6,

9 Price: 60W incandescent equivalent February 6, 2013 DOE 2012 MYPP 10

10 Technology System Optics LED engine Thermal Driver and controls Phosphors / color conversion Mechanics / materials February 6,

11 R&D and Manufacturing Barriers Cost reduction/performance Improvement LEDs Optics Electronics Thermal management!! Packaging Reliability/Lifetime Poor understanding of system reliability Testing to reliably establish lifetime Need faster and less testing Compatibility with dimmers and sensors New approaches for luminaires that take full advantage of LEDs Manufacturing for high-volume and high-yield of luminaires & lamps February 6,

12 Two Product Directions Retrofit products to fit into existing luminaires/sockets + Energy savings quickly + Low installation costs + High volume potential in short term - Not optimally efficient (thermal) Products for New Installations + Optimize for greatest efficiency + Add features for additional savings (occupancy/daylighting controls, etc) - Low volume today - Higher risk (no standards yet) February 6,

13 Market Barriers Energy Savings wrt all conventional lighting Affordable LED products High quality products (avoid CFL story)* Compatibility with infrastructure (dimmers, etc) for retrofits Delay and expense of testing LM-80, LM-79, LM-82, TM-21 DOE/FTC Lighting Facts Energy Star UL and other safety organizations *But don t force too-high standards! February 6,

14 Cost and Performance affect Market Acceptance Cost focus. Low cost is better Performance focus. High perf is better Over-focus on performance is just as likely to hurt market adoption as over-focus on cost. February 6,

15 Major Driver: Cost Down Goal for SSL products is generally a factor of 10 decrease in cost from 2010 to Necessary to reach high volumes. Evolutionary progress Architecture Breakthroughs February 6,

16 Other Drivers Other drivers: Efficiency increases will continue for both LEDs and lighting systems Add features for additional energy savings Occupancy sensing Daylight compensation Add features to differentiate End of life indication Constant Light Output Communication/Control/Networking Color change, scene setting What role will regulations play (e.g. Title 24, EISA)? What value will the marketplace put on these features? February 6,

17 Worries Aren t LED s dangerous (to eyes, health, sleep patterns)? Don t they cost more money/energy to make than they save? Won t they hurt the electrical grid with all those harmonics? Will LEDs really live up to their claims? Don t they damage things, like museum artifacts? Aren t they unsafe in application XYZ? February 6,

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19 February 6,

20 LED Bulbs Product No Lamp 40W A19 60W A19 75W A21 100W A21 Wattage 8W 12.5W 17W 22W Lumens Energy Star Yes Yes Yes Pending Make to Stock items 98% over 18,000 hours Energy Star rated lamps highlighted in blue (420224) February 6,

21 MR16 LED 22 Make to Stock items Energy Star rated lamps highlighted in blue 5.5W 7W 10W Beam / CT 2700K 3000K 4000K 24 Beam / CT 2700K 3000K 4000K Beam / CT 2700K 3000K 4000K February 6, (290 lm) (320 lm) (360 lm) (335 lm) (405 lm) (480 lm) (470 lm) (300 lm) (345 lm) (380 lm) (360 lm) (435 lm) (495 lm) (485 lm) (350 lm) (325 lm) (440 lm) (410 lm)

22 AirFlux Technology PAR30S PAR20 PAR30L PAR16 PAR38 23 R20 BR30 BR40 February 6, 2013

23 LED Lamps Generation Reference - GU10 PAR16 GU10 AirFlux PAR16 GU10 3W Planned to phase out in December W February 6,

24 LED Lamps Generation Reference PAR30S and PAR30L Die-Cast PAR30 600& 800 Series AirFlux PAR30S 11W 12W Planned to phase out in December W 13W HO Die-Cast PAR30L 600& 800 Series AirFlux PAR30L 11W 12W 13W 13W Planned to phase out in December 2012 February 6,

25 LED Lamps Generation Reference PAR38 Die-Cast PAR Series AirFlux PAR38 (CorePro) 16W Planned to phase out in December W Available in March 2013 Die-Cast PAR Series AirFlux PAR38 17W Planned to phase out in December 2012 Die-Cast PAR Series 18W AirFlux PAR38 18W Planned to phase out in December W February 6,

26 Introducing the Retail Optic PAR Platform Setting a new standard for reflectors PAR30S available December PAR lm & PAR30L coming Q February 6,

27 LED Lamps Decorative Candles Generation Reference Previous Generation: Phased Out Current Generation: Available Now Next Generation: Available January 2013 Clear Prism 150 Lumens (E12 & E26) Non-Energy Star Frosted Prism 180/200 Lumens (E12/E26) Non-Energy Star Direct White LEDs Clear Prism 180 Lumens (E12 & E26) Energy Star Compliant February 6,

28 TLED Lamps TLED Specifier Energy Savings Transition 22 Watts 1650 lumens 40,000 hrs L70B50 Mains Wired GSA Compliant BLUE CAPS Rolling Change Starting December February 6, Watts 1650 lumens 40,000 hrs L70B50 Mains Wired GSA Compliant GREEN CAPS 3 Save Watts 35

29 TLED EXT T8 System DLC qualified Patent pending Channeled Optic technology - High system efficacy 104 lm/w - Driver efficiency >90% lm at 22.5W Channeled Optics for more uniform light distribution Reduced maintenance costs - Super long life 50,000 hrs at L70B50 - Easy Installation, like T12 to T8 February 6,

30 Hue February 6,

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32 Policy Changes Helpful to Industry Reduce costs and delays due to large number of regulations. Some standards (Energy Star) are delaying adoption Non-energy-related specifications Long (6000 hours ~ 9 months) testing There are too many regulations IESNA (LM-79, LM-80, LM-82, TM21.), UL/CSA/IEC, Energy Star/EPA, FCC, FTC, DOE, It takes too much time to fulfill regulations Multiple regulations 6000 hours of testing Product lifetime is about 12 months. 70% of lifetime is over when Energy Star is finally ready. February 6,

33 Policy Changes Helpful to Industry Most large public utilities require Energy Star or DLC for rebates Some utilities (CA) have even higher efficacy requirements Lamp type Power (W) Efficacy (lm/w) Light Output (lm) Incandescent LED (50 lm/w) LED (60 lm/w) LED (70 lm/w) Save 44W now with 50 lm/w or hold out for 47 or 49W? February 6,

34 Standards Standards Can save energy and money by increasing interchangeability, and reducing product proliferation. Can cost energy and money if they become too restrictive. Standards aim: set minimum standards Prevent poor products Encourage market acceptance Harmonize over US (and beyond) Strong surveillance Do not regulate lifetime manufacturer warrantees market will learn which brands to trust Energy Star can add value, but need to allow for wide application range February 6,

35 External Testing for SSL External testing and requirements Safety approbation (UL, CSA, ETL) Emissions (FCC) LM80, LM79, TM-21, LM-82, Energy Star/DLC/LED accelerator/ FTC (Lighting Facts labels) DOE (Rules and Lighting Facts validation) Ashrae Title 24 California Bulb Specification (in process) February 6,

36 External Testing Value added Early stage of new technology: High excitement High potential benefits High number of players High speed High risk High price Standards requiring testing, like DLC: Filter out poor products Enhance adoption with rebates Keep manufacturers honest (e.g. CALiPER) Smooth the way for mass adoption Save energy February 6,

37 Saturated Colors 1 y The human eye can detect color changes as small as about in x,y 0 0 x 1 February 6,

38 What is white light? February 6,

39 Color Rendering Index Use CRI Home / Office 80 Factory 60 Street Lighting 40 Color in daylight Color in lamplight # of LEDs CRI February 6,

40 Light Intensity (a.u.) Temperature dependence of emitted LED light Blue LED Green LED Red LED Wavelength (nm) 85ºC 75ºC 65ºC 55ºC 45ºC 35ºC 25ºC 15ºC February 6,

41 Intensity Human Eye Response Wavelength February 6,

42 AirFlux Technology Uses convection & conduction to dissipate heat Finned Platform (Die Cast) AirFlux Platform (new design) February 6,