Persistent Toxic Substances Contamination of the European Region. Brno, November Croatian National POPs inventory.

Transcription

1 Persistent Toxic Substances Contamination of the European Region Brno, November Croatian National POPs inventory Goran Romac

2 POPs PROJECT Enabling Activities to Facilitate Early Action in the Implementation of the Stockholm Convention on Persistant Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Republic of Croatia

3 POPs inventory phase: February - September, 2003 Task teams: PCB Pesticide Emissions (PCDD/PCDF) Levels and sources in environment

4 PCB Production of PCB never present in Croatia in former Yugoslavia production was in Slovenia (1 company) and Serbia (2 companies). Export and Import of PCB Co-operation with Customs Service and Chamber of Economy Import of equipment and liquid PCB is present Export of PCB is not present - only PCB waste

5 Import of PCB Import of liquid PCB (t)*

6 Export of PCB waste Export of PCB waste PCB (t)

7 PCB Equipment Data base was formed with co-operation of MoEPPP for over 400 companies. TOTAL NUMBER OF CAPACITORS AND TRANSFORMERS CONTAINING PCB IN CROATIA Condition Function Broken Back up NA TOTAL CAPASITORS TRANSFORMERS

8 Condition of capacitors in Croatia 90% function broken back up not available 7% <1% 3%

9 Production year of capacitors 30.6% 15.2% 11.9% 1.1% 34.1% 7.1% < N.A.

10 Condition of transformers in Croatia function back up 95% 5%

11 Production year of transformers 22.4% 6.9% 5.9% 22.4% 11.2% 0.7% < 1970 > N.A. 30.6%

12 PCDD/PCDF Inventory Standardized Toolkit for Identification and Quantification of Dioxin and Furan Releases UNEP

13 No. Main categories of PCDD/PCDF sources Annual release of PCDD/PCDF(g TEQ/year) air water soil products waste 1 Waste Incineration 1.4 3,6 2 Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metal Production 3.1?? 22,3 3 Power Generation and Heating 4 Production of Mineral Products 105.7? 20, ,01? 5 Transport Uncontrolled Combustion Processes 7 Production and Use of Chemicals and Consumer Goods 2.2? 1,7? 0.1 0,002? 0,8 0,3? 8 Miscellaneous 0.001??? 9 Disposal??? 2,7 1-9 Total 115.7? 0,002? 1,7? 0,8? 49,5?

14 * only medians given; an empty field indicates that the release route is considered to be insignificant? indicates that the release route may be significant, but no emission factors or activity data were available? behind a number indicates that the number may be underestimated as some subcategories have not been quantified

15 PCDD/PCDF emissions into the air for 2001 uncontrolled combustion 2% transport 1% incineration 1% metal production 3% production of min. products 2% power generation & heating 91%

16 POPs pesticides Due to the period of production and application of POPs in Croatia: POPs never used in Croatia (mirex) POPs produced and used in large quantities (DDT, HCB, Chlordane, Heptachlor, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin, Toxaphene) POPs which usage was banned recently (Lindane)

17 ACTIVE INGREDIENT PERMISION SINCE YEAR BANNED IN YEAR HCB toxafen Endrin (From only as a rodenticide) Aldrin * Dieldrin * Heptachlor /1973.* Hexaklorciklohexan (HCH) * DDT In agriculture 1972.* Lindan July Mirex Not registered in Republic of Croatia Dicofol

18 Production of pesticides production of DDT ( ) - Chromos Agro in Zagreb 10 tonnes/year in former Yugoslavia production in Macedonia/Serbia today no production/synthesis in Croatia Export/Import of pesticide Export is not present - no production Croatia is importing non POPs pesticide

19 Pesticide Waste/Stocks: From kg of DDT and 3497 kg of pesticide packaging was incinerated (Croatian Forest stocks) some Lindane stock existing - still being used in agriculture Consumption of POPs pesticide in Croatia curently there is no consumption/usage of POPs pesticide

20 Levels of POPs in food, environment and in humans Levels of POPs in food of animal origin plant origin

21 Organochlorine compound levels (mean value, µg kg 1 of fat, and for fish µg kg 1 wet weight) in food samples. The number of analysed samples is stated in brackets Fish and fish products -1986/89 (153) (46) Meat and meat products /89 (733) (80) Milk and milk products /89 (438) (52) HCB α-hcb γ-hcb DDT complex The levels of all compounds and in all types of food have decreased during 10 years.

22 Levels of OC pesticides (µg kg 1 wet weight) in chicken eggs analysed in 2000 *µg kg 1 of fat N = number of samples HCB LINDANE TOTAL DDT Mean value (N) Range Mean value (N) Poultry farms 0 (14) (14) 4* Individual 0.2 (20) (20) households 2* Range Mean value (N) (14) 10* (18) 112* Range 0-1, Highest levels for total DDT. Higher levels are present in eggs from individual households.

23 Lindane residues (µg kg -1 ) in cereals and cereal products in the period of 1984 to YEAR CEREALS FLOUR CEREAL PRODUCTS Maximum Maximum Maximum < MPC is 100 (µg kg -1 )

24 Samples of animal origin few data on levels of POPs in animal samples (birds, dolphin) Seagull -eggs (µg( g kg -1 w.w.) Griffon vulture -liver (mg( kg -1 fat) -blood (µg( g L - 1 blood) Dolphin (mg kg -1 fat) - fat - muscles - liver OCP ,75 0,024-3,871 0,006-3, ,783 PCB ,383 6,537 6,148 detected levels are usual in a birds

25 Levels in air PCDD/PCDFs (fg I-TEQ/m 3 ) in Zagreb air from Đorđićeva Ksaver Jakuševec PUTO Žitnjak

26 Levels (ng/g dry needles) of HCB and DDE from and HCB 2000 HCB 1992 DDE 2000 DDE 0 Križišće Dobrinj Punat Omišalj Baška Decreasing trend

27 PCB levels in river and drinking water (ng dm -3 )and in river sediment (µg kg -1 of dry sample) Sample (N) River waters Sava (7) Kupa (22) Kupa (6) Kupa (24) Drava (8) Cetina (7) Jadro (7) River sediments Kupa (6) Jadro (8) Cetina (18) Drinking waters (Karst sources before treatment Labin Pula Buzet Drinking waters (after treatment) Zagreb (10) Sisak (16) Labin (10) Sampling period 1992/ / / / / / / / / / / / / Range of concentration <1 25 < <1 8 < < <1-5 <1-5 <1-3 near industry area

28 PCBs concentrations determined in serum were higher than the levels in our general population. They however did not reach levels at which the acute symptoms of intoxication were manifested due to the high absorption. Levels (median; µg kg -1 ) of PCB congeners in blood serum of general population and of exposed workers PCB congener General population Exposed workers 1995 (N=14) 1997 (N=16) 1994 (N=15) PCB PCB PCB PCB PCB PCB Sum of 6 PCBs

29 Levels in milk µ g/kg milk fat 2000 DDE PCB / / / / / / Balance - intake and secretion from organism

30 Problematic areas Equipment with PCB Lack of systematic monitoring Laboratory Equipment (PCDD/PCDF) Legislation

31 Next steps in POPs project: defining national priorities developing action plans and NIP

32 Thank you for your attention!