Energy and Solar. 2 nd Annual K-12 Teachers Clean Energy Workshop July 30, 2015

Transcription

1 Energy and Solar 2 nd Annual K-12 Teachers Clean Energy Workshop July 30, 2015

2 Agenda Power vs. Energy Solar Resources Irradiance Insolation Peak Sun Hours Examples Technologies

3 What is Power? Power is the rate at which energy is produced, consumed, or transferred Measured in Watts, Kilowatts, Horsepower, or btu/hr (we can convert from one to another) For example: A 100 Watt incandescent light bulb consumes 100 Watts of power A 26 Watt CFL bulbs consumes only 26 Watts of power while producing about the same amount of light

4 What is Energy? Energy is the ability of a system to do work Measured in Watt-hours, kilowatt-hours, Joules, btu, calories, or foot-pounds force (we can convert from one to another) If power is constant, then Energy = Power x time For example: A 100 Watt incandescent light bulb operated for 10 hours consumes 1,000 Watt-hrs (1 kwh) of energy A 26 Watt CFL bulb operated for 10 hours consumes only 260 Watt-hrs (0.260 kwh) of energy

5 Why Study Solar Energy? Captures students curiosity while promoting key math, science, agriculture, engineering and technology concepts One of the fastest growing sources of new electric generation in the nation >13,000 MW of PV installed in U.S. >6,212 MW of PV installed in U.S. in 2014 alone Solar energy is viable in Illinois, not just the Southwest Possible future careers

6 Scales of Power 1 Watt 1,000 Watts = 1 kw 1,000 kw = 1 MW 1,000 MW = 1 GW 1,000 GW = 1 TW Power is a rate at which energy is produced, consumed or converted 1,000 Watts = 1.34 horsepower = 3,415 btu/hr If a device operates at 1,000 W for 1 hr, it has used 1,000 Wh = 1 kwh Energy

7 U.S. Per-Capita Energy Consumption Total U.S. Energy Consumption: 28,516 TWh Total U.S. Population: 316 million U.S. Per-Capita Energy: 90,200 kwh/year U.S. Per-Capita Power: 10,300 Watts

8 Solar Resource Solar cannot solve energy needs by itself, but the resource is unmatched Average Global Solar Power: ~89,000 TW 1 ½ hours solar flux = Total Global Energy Consumption in 1 yr

9 U.S. Solar Resources Fun fact: land area of 90 x 90 mi. in AZ could power the whole United States!

10 Solar Energy

11 Solar Irradiance Solar irradiance is solar power per unit area [W/m 2 ].

12 Solar Irradiance Irradiance varies over the day and year 1000 W/m 2 = peak sun Sunrise Noon Sunset

13 Solar Insolation For convenience, Solar insolation measured in peak sun hours Equivalent peak sun hours Sunrise Noon Sunset

14 Solar PV System Components Source: US DOE

15 Sample Calculation Sample Solar Calculation: 4 kw flat plate solar collector tilted south at Latitude in Peoria, IL from table 4.6 peak sun hours per day (average over a year) 4 kw * 4.6 hrs/day * 365 days/yr = 6,716 kwh/year

16 Solar Energy Types of Solar Energy : Solar Thermal Residential Systems (hot water) Utility-scale trough collectors Power Towers Solar Chimneys Solar Photovoltaic Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Amorphous Silicon (thin-film) Multi-Junction Concentrated PV

17 Solar Energy Types of Solar Energy : Solar Thermal Residential Systems (hot water) Utility-scale trough collectors Power Towers Solar Chimneys Solar Photovoltaic Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Amorphous Silicon (thin-film) Multi-Junction Concentrated PV

18 Solar Energy Types of Solar Energy : Solar Thermal Residential Systems (hot water) Utility-scale trough collectors Power Towers Solar Chimneys Solar Photovoltaic Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Amorphous Silicon (thin-film) Multi-Junction Concentrated PV

19 Solar Energy Types of Solar Energy : Solar Thermal Residential Systems (hot water) Utility-scale trough collectors Power Towers Solar Chimneys Solar Photovoltaic Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Amorphous Silicon (thin-film) Multi-Junction Concentrated PV

20 Photovoltaic (PV) Cell

21 Solar PV System Components Source: US DOE

22 Solar Energy Types of Solar Energy : Solar Thermal Residential Systems (hot water) Utility-scale trough collectors Power Towers Solar Chimneys Solar Photovoltaic Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Amorphous Silicon (thin-film) Multi-Junction Concentrated PV

23 Solar Energy Types of Solar Energy : Solar Thermal Residential Systems (hot water) Utility-scale trough collectors Power Towers Solar Chimneys Solar Photovoltaic Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Amorphous Silicon (thin-film) Multi-Junction Concentrated PV

24 Solar Energy Types of Solar Energy : Solar Thermal Residential Systems (hot water) Utility-scale trough collectors Power Towers Solar Chimneys Solar Photovoltaic Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Amorphous Silicon (thin-film) Multi-Junction Concentrated PV

25 Solar Energy Types of Solar Energy : Solar Thermal Residential Systems (hot water) Utility-scale trough collectors Power Towers Solar Chimneys Solar Photovoltaic Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Amorphous Silicon (thin-film) Multi-Junction Concentrated PV

26 Solar Energy Types of Solar Energy : Solar Thermal Residential Systems (hot water) Utility-scale trough collectors Power Towers Solar Chimneys Solar Photovoltaic Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Amorphous Silicon (thin-film) Multi-Junction Concentrated PV

27 Utility Scale Solar Farm Chicago, IL

28 Summary Power vs. Energy Solar Resources Irradiance Insolation Peak Sun Hours Examples Technologies