COURSE OUTLINE: ENVIRONMENTAL HYDRAULICS VVR N40 September October 2018

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1 WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING/LUND UNIVERSITY COURSE OUTLINE: ENVIRONMENTAL HYDRAULICS VVR N40 September October 2018 (In order to become registered for the course you have to sign up on the attendance list available at the lectures during the first two weeks. If you are unable to do this, please contact the course coordinator!) Information about the course is available through various files in pdf-format at, <Education> <Courses at TVRL> <VVRN40> or go directly to: Course Structure Lectures: 32 hr Practical assignments: 10 hr Tutorials: 10 hr Teacher Professor Magnus Larson is in charge of lectures and practical assignments. He is also the course coordinator The tutorials are handled by M.Sc. Almir Nunes Magnus Larson Almir Nunes Course Content General Overview Since the beginning of time human activities have been located close to surface waters such as rivers, lakes, and coastal areas. In connection with such activities, questions arise concerning the effects of water flow on the activities as well as the impact of the activities on the natural environment. Originally the former questions were of greatest concern, but during the latest decades the most important issues relate to the environmental impact. The main objective of the present course is to provide a fundamental understanding of the phenomena and processes 1

2 that govern the water flow in the environment; with the special purpose of providing the students with knowledge to analyze the conditions for and consequences of human activities. Activities refer primarily to discharge of pollutants to different water bodies, but the interaction between structures and water flow is also discussed. A brief overview of basic sediment transport is included as well. Detailed Content An overview of water flow in the environment phenomena and processes related to such flow. Transport processes and spreading of pollutants. Balance equations for water and pollutants in surface water systems with instantaneous mixing. Piston flow and nominal retention time. Basic mechanisms for mixing such as diffusion (laminar and turbulent), dispersion, and advection. The general transport (advection-diffusion) equation formulation and special cases. Mixing in rivers, lakes, and coastal areas. Jets and plumes (free shear flows). Near- and far field mixing. Diffusers and other technical solutions for pollution discharge. Field measurement techniques. Case studies concerning pollution discharge and environmental impact. Density-driven flows including stratification and horizontal spreading of pollutants. Temperature and oxygen conditions in natural waters together with governing equations. Basic sediment transport and boundary layer theory. Bed load and suspended load. Some commonly used sediment transport formulas. Interaction between structures and flows, including local scour. Practical Assignments There are three practical assignments that are compulsory to pass the course: 1. EH1. Design of an outfall with a diffuser system for cooling water. Make an economic optimization of a tunnel and diffuser system for discharging cooling water from a power plant. 2. EH2. Design of a system for wastewater discharge from the city of Göteborg. Estimate the spreading and associated dilution of wastewater discharged in a density-stratified receiving water, where the conditions vary depending on the time of the year. 3. EH3. Design of erosion protection in a river. Estimate sediment transport in a river and the impact on the morphology in order to develop suitable protection against erosion. The practical assignments should be handed in at latest: EH1: October 12 EH2: October 19 EH3: November 2 Assignments handed in after this date will not be marked. In the case that revisions are needed, the assignments must finally be approved before the 16 th of November. The assignments may be carried out in groups of two students. 2

3 Tutorials Five sessions are included in the course that focuses on solving problems in environmental hydraulics. The students are encouraged to work on the problems themselves beforehand and use the sessions for consulting the instructor on specific questions related to the problems. Literature The literature is electronically available at the home page and consists of: Jönsson, L., Receiving Water Hydraulics, Water Resources Engineering, Lund University. Larson, M., Background Material in Environmental Hydraulics, Water Resources Engineering, Lund University. Includes papers and excerpts from: Woodroffe, C.D., Coasts: Form, Process, and Evolution, Cambridge University Press, Kvarnäs, H., Morphometry and Hydrology of the Four Large Lakes of Sweden, Ambio, 30(8), McGinnis, D. and Wuest, A., Lake Hydrodynamics, McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science & Technology, Komar, P.D., Beach Processes and Sedimentation, Prentice Hall, Layton, J.A., Design Procedures for Ocean Outfalls, Proceedings of the International Coastal Engineering Conference, ASCE, , Åsell, B. and Liljeblad, Å. The Oxygen Conditions in Silverån downstream Silverdalens Paper Mill, Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), unpublished report, 1976 (in Swedish). Soulsby, R., Dynamics of Marine Sands, Thomas Telford, Schiereck, G.J., Introduction to Bed, Bank, and Shore Protection, Delft University Press, Larson, M., Sample problems in environmental hydraulics, Water Resources Engineering, Lund University (to be handed out during the course; also available at the home page). Examination A written examination will be given at the end of the course (2 nd of November in Sparta C) consisting of two parts: one part that involves six theoretical problems where only paper and pencil are allowed and another part that encompasses three sample problems to be solved using a collection of formulas (to be handed out at the exam). A sample problem yields maximum 2 points, whereas the theoretical problems give 1 point each. The maximum score is 12 points, of which 5 are needed to pass the course, with the extra requirement that you have at least 2 points on each part. The results from the written examination will be the final grade of the course. Office Hours Problems related to the course should be discussed with Magnus Larson, who is the course coordinator. His office is located in the Civil Engineering Building ( V-huset ) on the 3 rd floor. 3

4 COURSE OUTLINE Please observe that lectures, practical assignments, or tutorials may be given at any of the scheduled occasions. Attendance is strongly recommended during the practical assignments. Lectures Date Time Room Content V:R2 Course overview and introduction to environmental hydraulics. Phenomena and processes V:R2 Receiving water types. Transport process and spreading of pollutants. Balance equation for water and pollutants V:R2 Basic mechanisms for mixing. The general transport equation (advection-diffusion equation) formulation V:N1 The general transport equation application to special cases (river flows, coastal areas; point sources, distributed sources) V:N1 Turbulent jets; basic theory and models V:B Buoyant jets and plumes; basic theory and models V:N1 Stratified receiving waters. Case studies of pollution discharge and environmental impact. Diffusers and other technical solutions for pollution discharge V:O2 Heat transport; basic equations and applications V:O2 Oxygen transport; basic equations and applications V:R2 Mechanisms for water exchange (wind, waves, tide, seiching) V:P2 Density currents and stratification. Field studies on receiving water quality V:R2 Basic sediment transport and boundary layer theory V:N1 Bed load and suspended load. Commonly used sediment transport formulas V:O2 Interaction between structures and natural flows 4

5 V:N1 Course summary V:N1 Old examination problems Tutorials Date Time Room Sample Problems V:R2 Balance equations for water and pollutants (box models) V:P2 General transport equations V:N1 Turbulent jets and plumes V:R2 Heat and oxygen transport V:N1 Density currents and sediment transport (Solutions to the sample problems are distributed at the problem solving sessions) Practical Assignments Date Time Room Content V:R2 EH V:R2 EH V:P2 EH V:P1 EH V:R2 EH3 5